Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke

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Fyodor Petrovich Lütke

Friedrich Benjamin Lütke of ( Russian Фёдор Петрович Граф Литке , scientific. Transliteration Fedor Petrovich Litke Graf born September 17, jul. / 28. September  1797 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † August 8 jul. / 20th August  1882 greg. Ibid ) was a Russian naval officer, circumnavigator , explorer and writer of German-Baltic descent.

Life

Friedrich Benjamin Lütke, whose grandfather immigrated to Russia in 1735, was the youngest of five children. His mother died giving birth. At the age of ten he also lost his father. Neither his uncle, in whose care he came, nor anyone else took care of the boy's upbringing and education. A naval officer who married his sister eventually became a father figure for him and aroused his interest in seafaring. At the age of 17 he passed the final exams of the naval cadet corps, after having acquired the necessary knowledge self-taught.

In 1813 he volunteered in the Royal Navy , destined to besiege French- occupied Danzig , and was made a midshipman for his bravery . From 1817 to 1819 he took part in the Russian circumnavigation of the world under Vasily Michailowitsch Golownin . From 1821 to 1824 he led an expedition to the Russian coastal waters in the Arctic with the task of exploring Kamchatka , and in the three following years also undertook research trips to the arctic regions, which brought information about the coasts of Novaya Zemlya by name . His description of the four-time voyage to the Northern Arctic Ocean was later published in German.

Route of the Senjawin 1826–1829

Promoted to captainleutnant in 1823, Lütke was given responsibility for the fourth Russian circumnavigation in 1826, in which several foreign scholars also took part. He left Kronstadt on the corvette Senjawin on August 14, 1826 (accompanied by the corvette Moller ) , explored the Russian coasts of Asia and America , discovered among other things 14 different islands in the Pacific in the area of ​​today's Micronesia , one of which was named " Senjawin -Islands “received. He came to Manila at the end of 1828 and returned to Kronstadt on September 16, 1829. He published the description of this expedition, which is very rich in results, under the title: Voyage autour du monde (Paris 1835 ff., 4 volumes with drawings by Alexander Postels (1801–1871) and Heinrich von Kittlitz ). After his return, Lütke became a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.

Lütke received the rank of captain of the first rank in 1829 , undertook a training voyage to Iceland with two frigates and a brig a year later and was appointed adjutant of the emperor's wing and educator of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolajewitsch in 1832 and his curator in 1847, which he held until 1852 clothed.

From Lütke's mansion in Simuna near Avanduse , today Estonia

In the meantime promoted to adjutant general in 1842 and vice admiral of the Russian fleet in 1845 , he was war governor in Reval from 1851-1853 , later of the port in Kronstadt, and in 1855 joined the Imperial Council as a real admiral. The Foundation of the Russian Geographical Society (1845) is preferably his work, and he served as its vice-president from 1845 to 1850 and from 1855 to 1857. From 1864 he was president of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences and was elevated to the rank of imperial count in 1866 . He died in St. Petersburg in 1882.

Honors and aftermath

Since 1873, the Russian Geographical Society has been awarding the Graf Lütke Medal for achievements in the field of physical geography . The winners include Alexander Alexandrowitsch Inostranzew (1879), Heinrich von Wild (1883), Alexander von Bunge (1888), Andrei Ippolitowitsch Wilkizki (1891), Stepan Ossipowitsch Makarow (1895), Nikolai Knipowitsch (1902), John Murray (1903) and Leonid Breitfuß (1907).

Several geographical objects are named after Lütke : The Lütke Islands in the Nordenskiöld Archipelago , the Lütke Island in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago , the Lütke Island in the Baidarata Bay of the Kara Sea , a cape on the North Island of Nowaja Semljas, another cape an the Bering Strait , the Lütkeberge on Nowaja Semlja and the Lütkefjellet mountain on Edgeøya . There is also Lütkestrasse , which runs between Kamchatka and the offshore island of Karaginski .

In 1829 he became a corresponding member and in 1855 honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg , from February 23, 1864 to April 25, 1883 he was President of the Academy. In 1861 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.

In 1998 the asteroid (5015) Litke was named after him.

Works

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of medal holders of the Russian Geographical Society (1845-2012) (PDF; 580 kB), accessed on July 29, 2016 (Russian)
  2. ↑ Honorary members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724: Lütke, Fjodor Petrovich. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed January 16, 2020 (Russian).
  3. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter L. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 16, 2020 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Lütke, Friedrich Benjamin from
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Litke, Fyodor Petrovich (Russian name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian naval officer, circumnavigator and explorer
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH August 20, 1882
Place of death St. Petersburg