Flat leaf man litter
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Flat-leaf man litter ( Eryngium planum ) |
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The flat- leaf man litter ( Eryngium planum ), also called flat-leaf noble thistle or flat-leaved man litter , is a type of plant within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is widespread in Central , Southeastern and Eastern Europe as well as in Asia , is cultivated as an ornamental plant and is partly overgrown.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The flat-leaf man litter grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 40 to 70, sometimes 30 to 100 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are thistle-like. The upper parts of the plant are covered in blue.
The undivided, elongated to ovate basal leaves are toothed with thorns. The base of the base leaves is heart-shaped.
Generative characteristics
The mostly blue to purple-colored, 1 to 1.5 centimeters long, almost spherical, head-shaped partial inflorescence is surrounded at the base by bracts. The 1.5 to 6 centimeters long, protruding, undivided bracts are wholly or distantly thorny-sawn.
The hermaphrodite flowers are fivefold. The five sepals end in a thorny spike tip. There are five blue petals . There is only one circle with five stamens . There are two styluses .
The flowering time in Central Europe extends from June to September , sometimes to October .
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
The flat-leaf man litter is a hemicryptophyte .
The pollination is done by insects or self-pollination.
The diaspores spread by the wind or Velcro.
Occurrence and endangerment
The distribution area of the flat-leaf man litter is in Central , Southeastern , Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , Siberia , Kazakhstan and China . It includes the countries Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, European Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caucasus, western Siberia, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang . The main distribution area is Eastern Europe. In the German-speaking area he performs in Austria and Germany .
Very rare occurrences in Austria are only known from the Pannonian region . Here the species occurs in Lower Austria (in the Marchtal ) as well as inconsistently or at most locally naturalized in Vienna , Upper Austria , Styria and Carinthia . Moist meadows, pasture lawns, river banks and dams in the colline level serve as locations . The flat-leaf man litter thrives best on sandy soils .
It grows in societies of the order Corynephoretalia.
In Austria the flat-leaf man litter is considered to be threatened with extinction.
Taxonomy
Eryngium planum was first published in 1753 in Species Plantarum , p. 233. The specific epithet planum means flat.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 205 .
- ↑ a b c d Eryngium planum L., Flachblättrige Mannstreu. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 837 .
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 700 .
- ↑ a b Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. : Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
- ↑ a b Eryngium planum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 837 .
Web links
- Flat leaf man litter . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Datasheet with distribution in the Netherlands. (Dutch)
- Data sheet with photos at Botanik im Bild / Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , 2012.
- Data sheet with photos.