Flax silk

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Flax silk
Flax silk (Cuscuta epilinum), illustration

Flax silk ( Cuscuta epilinum ), illustration

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae)
Genre : Silk ( cuscuta )
Type : Flax silk
Scientific name
Cuscuta epilinum
Consecration

The flax silk ( Cuscuta epilinum ), also Lein Silk called, is a species within the family of wind plants (Convolvulaceae). This leaf-green parasitic parasitic parasitizes almost exclusively the common flax , but has become extinct with the almost complete decline in its cultivation in its original range of Europe.

description

illustration
Seeds

Vegetative characteristics

The flax silk is an annual herbaceous plant . It has neither roots nor leaves, the stem is 30 to 50 centimeters long and 0.5 to 1 millimeter thick, unbranched or weakly branched and, since it is completely free of chlorophyll , of pale yellow color.

Generative characteristics

The sessile flowers form dense, 10 to 12 millimeters wide balls.

The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx and the corolla tube are of the same length, the calyx lobes are broadly triangular to ovoid, pointed and overlap at the base. The crown is 2.5 to 3 millimeters long and greenish to yellowish-white in color. The corolla tube is almost twice as long as the egg-shaped to triangular, pointed and mostly upright corolla lobes. The pharyngeal scales are broad, tongue-shaped, short fringed, and close to the corolla tube, which they do not close. The two unwaxed styles are round as long as the thread-like, thickened scars . Style and stigma together are shorter than the ovary and each shorter than the corolla.

The capsule fruits are flattened and one and a half times wider than they are tall. The seeds are 1 to 2 millimeters in size and are often found in pairs.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.

Flax-silk haustorium

ecology

The flax silk is a therophyte and holoparasite .

Wasps , especially digger wasps , act as pollinators , but self-pollination is also possible. The diaspores are often spread by humans ( hemerochory ).

Occurrence

The original home of flax silk is said to be the area between Iran and Central Asia .

Flax silk was a species of plant found in Europe. In Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, Sweden and Norway it is listed as missing or extinct. Individual reports can be found from Denmark, the Baltic States or Poland, but are based on plants that are generally considered to be introduced. In North America in particular, however, the species still occurs as an introduced species.

The reason for the decline is the almost complete end of flax cultivation in Europe, because flax silk only parasitized the common flax ( Linum usitatissimum ), only rarely also the camelina ( Camelina sativa ).

Flax silk was widespread from Collin to Montan and was a type of character of the Sileno linicolae-Linetum association from the Lolio remotae-Linion association.

In some botanical gardens there are conservation cultures that are supposed to prevent the complete extinction of the species.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for flax silk : Chrugel ( Switzerland ), Cipergras ( Transylvania near Randol ), Deiwelszwirn (Transylvania), Doter ( Middle Low German ), Yolk, Field silk, Filzkraut ( Alsace , Salzburg ), Wild flax , Flax yolk sticks, flax yolk sticks, flax silk, Flasssid ( Altmark ), Falsches Frauenhaar ( Thuringia ), Our women hair, Our dear women flowers hair, Grind (Switzerland), hop silk ( Silesia ), Künelschorft, maiden hair ( Carinthia ), camelina, flax wool, lead hair ( Saxony ), Rang ( Westerwald ), Range, Ringel (Switzerland, Tyrol , Memmingen ), scab, silk (Mark), silk herb (Alsace), Sid, Side, Siden ( Unterweser ), Sie ( Göttingen ), Sied ( Mecklenburg ), Sien (Unterweser), Siren (Unterweser), Stolzkraut (Silesia), Teufelszwirn ( Hesse , Werra , East Prussia ), (large) Thymseide, Timseiden (Transylvania), Timdaughter, Todter than in Flax (already mentioned in 1482), Todtern, Tother ( old high german ) , Tottern, Viltcruyt (Middle Low German, Dutch), Vilzkraut, Vogelseil, Werbeschmaren (Transylvania near Zuckmantel ), wild flax, Wranghe and Zipepras (Transylvania in the Rauthal ).

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  774 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cuscuta epilinum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  3. ^ B. Lagrange: Complete pharmacist science. Second part: Materia medica. Translated from the French. Friedrich Gotthelf Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1796, p. 92.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 122 f. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Flax Silk ( Cuscuta epilinum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files