Anti-aircraft missile troops (NVA)

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The anti-aircraft missile troops ( anti-aircraft missile troops , also FRT ) were a branch of the air force / air defense of the National People's Army of the former GDR .

S-75 of the anti-aircraft missile troops at the parade for the 30th anniversary of the founding of the GDR

history

The origins of the anti-aircraft missile troops lie in the 1st Flak Division set up on November 24, 1956 in Strausberg . These were initially subordinated to two flak regiments, a communications battalion, a radio technology battalion, the radio measuring school and the flak artillery school. The staff was taken over from the former barracked people's police. With the introduction of anti-aircraft missile systems ( ru: Зенитный ракетный комплекс (ЗРК) / anti-aircraft missile complex) of the types S-75 Dvina and Volkhov , the five anti-aircraft missile regiments 13, 14, 16, and 18, each with four anti-aircraft missile divisions , were established between 1961 and 1964 a technical department and the existing anti-aircraft regiments dissolved.

From 1971 the anti-aircraft missile troops were also equipped with the S-125 Newa systems , from 1981 with the S-200 Wega and improved S-125, and towards the end of the 1980s with upgraded S-200 and portable Strela-2M 3 .

After the dissolution of the NVA, the Luftwaffe set up the two anti-aircraft missile squadrons (FlaRakG) 51 in Sanitz and 52 in Ladeburg on October 1, 1991 with the S-200 weapon system. The leadership was carried out by the command of the 5th Air Force Division of Barnim barracks Strausberg. The FlaRakG 51 was dissolved on December 31, 1992, the FlaRakG 52 on December 31, 1993.

assignment

The mission of the anti-aircraft missile troops was to protect assigned operational areas. These were primarily the “most important political, administrative and industrial centers” and troop groups. You were responsible for fighting aircraft at all altitudes in cooperation with the radio technical troops and the fighter pilot forces of the LSK / LV, the air defense of the land forces , the People's Navy and the Soviet armed forces .

Large sections of the units in the Warsaw Pact's integrated air defense , the On- Duty System (DHS) , were regularly on standby.

The command of the anti-aircraft missile troops was carried out by the LSK / LV command . The general supervision was carried out by the deputy of the chief LSK / LV for training of air defense (LV) .

education

The training of the officers of the anti-aircraft artillery as a precursor of anti-aircraft missile troops took until 1963, first at the anti-aircraft artillery school Geltow place, then in October 1962 in Pinnow formed Funkmeß-Flakartillerieschule and last in the established on December 1, 1963 Military Academy of Air force / air defense (OHS of LSK / LV) in Kamenz .

In the period from February 1959 to June 1959, the first strictly secret training course for the future senior and technical officers of the anti-aircraft missile troops (FRT) to be deployed at the anti-aircraft missile complex SA-75 "Dwina" was held in Ulan-Ude (USSR). Staff from the Czechoslovak and Polish People's Armies also took part in the course.

The training of ensigns and NCOs took place from 1973 at the military technical school of the air forces / air defense "Harry Kuhn" in Bad Düben.

In addition to routine training and participation in maneuvers, combat shooting was regularly carried out at the Archeluk (also: Aschuluk) firing range in Kazakhstan .

equipment

The anti- aircraft missile troops were equipped with extensive anti - aircraft missile systems .

At the end of the 1980s, the largest number of launch pads was provided by the S-75 Dvina (NATO designation: SA-2) (48 launch pads) and S-75 Wolchow (174 launch pads) systems. The LSK / LV also had 40 launch ramps of the S-125 Neva (SA-3) and 24 launch ramps of the S-200 Wega (SA-5) type.

The NVA began shortly before the fall with the introduction of the anti-aircraft missile system S-300 (SA-10). Due to strict secrecy, this remained hidden from the West until 1990. The existing twelve launch ramps were returned to the Soviet Union before reunification .

organization

Spatial division of the air defense units

The LSK / LV had three mixed anti-aircraft missile brigades and three single-type anti-aircraft missile regiments. They were subordinate to the two air defense divisions of the LSK / LV. In the event of mobilization , further associations could be activated.

Anti-aircraft missile brigades (FRBr)

The three anti-aircraft missile brigades were subdivided into anti-aircraft missile departments (FRA), an anti-aircraft missile department group (FRAG), a technical and, with the exception of the 51st FRBr, a radio technical department.

The 41st Fla-Missile Brigade (41st FRBr) " Hermann Duncker " in Ladeburg ( Lage ) was subordinate to the 1st Air Defense Division in Cottbus . It emerged in November 1984 from the Flak Missile Regiment 16 established in 1963 , which had been established as Flak Regiment 16 in 1959 . The locations of the anti-aircraft missile departments of the brigade were in the vicinity of Berlin . They were equipped with weapon systems S-75 Dvina and Volkhov, S-125 Neva and S-200 Vega. The brigade was divided into the

The radio technology department 4101 (FuTA-4101) and the technical department 4120 (TA-4120) were stationed at the brigade location in Ladeburg ( Lage ).

S-200 Wega, exhibited in the historical-technical information center Peenemünde

The 1st Air Defense Division had a second anti- aircraft missile brigade (51st FRBr) " Werner Lamberz " in Sprötau ( Lage ) , which was newly established at the end of the 1980s . Their units with the systems S-75 and S-200 were stationed in:

  • Anti-aircraft missile division group 511 (FRAG-511), Eckolstädt ( location )
  • Fla-Missile Department 5121 (FRA-5121), Dietersdorf ( Lage )
  • Fla-Missile Department 5122 (FRA-5122), Blankenburg ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile division 5123 (FRA-5123), Seebergen ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile division 5124 (FRA-5124), Remda ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 5125 (FRA-5125), Eckolstädt ( location )
  • Technical Department 5120 (TA-5120), Sprötau ( Lage )
S-125 Neva

The 43rd Fla-Missile Brigade (43rd FRBr) " Erich Weinert " of the 3rd Air Defense Division was stationed in Sanitz ( Lage ). The association emerged in December 1971 from the anti-aircraft missile regiment 18 set up in 1961 . The brigade was equipped with S-75, S-125, S-200 and S-300PMU.

Their mission was to protect the north of the GDR and the Baltic region. For this purpose, their units were stationed north of Berlin:

  • Anti-aircraft missile division group 431 (FRAG-431), Cammin OT Prangendorf ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4321 (FRA-4321), Abtshagen ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4322 (FRA-4322), Fuhlendorf ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4323 (FRA-4323), Hinrichshagen ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4324 (FRA-4324), Retschow ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4325 (FRA-4325), Neuenkirchen ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4331 (FRA-4331), Barhöft ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4332 (FRA-4332), Nienhagen ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4333 (FRA-4333), Kägsdorf ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4334 (FRA-4334), Kirchdorf ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile division 4335 (FRA-4335), Dranske ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 4351 (FRA-4351), Retschow ( Lage )

The radio technology department 4301 (FuTA-4301) was stationed in Rövershagen ( Lage ) and the technical department 4320 (TA-4320) at the brigade headquarters.

Anti-aircraft missile regiments (FRR)

S-75 (SA-2)

The three anti-aircraft missile regiments were uniformly equipped with the S-75 weapon system.

The anti-aircraft missile regiment 31 (FRR-31) " Jaroslaw Dombrowski " stationed in Straßgräbchen ( Lage ) was subordinate to the 1st LVD. The association existed since 1956 in the NVA, first as Flak Regiment 14 , from 1963 as Flak Missile Regiment 14 , from 1971 as Flak Missile Regiment 11 before it was given its final name from 1981. The anti-aircraft missile departments were stationed south of Berlin and were divided into the

  • Anti-aircraft missile department 311 (FRA-311) in Groß Döbbern ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 312 (FRA-312) in Großräschen ( Lage )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 313 (FRA-313) in Kroppen ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 314 (FRA-314) in Großröhrsdorf ( location )

The technical department 310 (TA-310) was with the regiment in Straßgräbchen ( location )

In the event of mobilization, the FRR-31 would have been assigned two S-75 anti-aircraft missile complexes from the officers' college in Kamenz.

The 3rd Air Defense Division had two anti-aircraft missile regiments 13 and 23.

The Flak -Missile Regiment 13 (FRR-13) " Etkar André ", emerged from the Flak-Regiment 15 , was stationed in Parchim ( Lage ). The locations of the units were:

  • Anti-aircraft missile division 131 (FRA-131), Warin ( Lage )
  • Fla-Missile Department 132 (FRA-132), Tramm ( Lage )
  • Fla-Raketenabteilung 133 (FRA-133), Ziegendorf ( Lage )
  • Fla-Missile Department 134 (FRA-134), Steffenshagen ( Lage )
  • Technical Department 130 (TA-130), Parchim ( Lage )

The Fla-Missile Regiment 23 (FRR-23) " Rudolf Breitscheid " was stationed in Stallberg ( Lage ). The association emerged in December 1981 from the Flak Regiment 17 (FR-17) set up in 1960 and the Flak Regiment 5 (FR-5) , which was moved from Ueckermünde to Stallberg in 1958. The locations of his units were:

  • Anti-aircraft missile division 231 (FRA-231): Altwarp ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 232 (FRA-232): Eichhof ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile department 233 (FRA-233): Stargard Castle ( location )
  • Anti-aircraft missile division 234 (FRA-234): Weggun ( Lage )
  • Technical department 230 (TA-230): Stallberg ( location )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Heinrich Engelhardt: "NVA Air Force / Air Defense" In: Klaus Naumann: "NVA: Claim and Reality; according to selected documents ”, Mittler, Berlin / Bonn / Herford, 1993. ISBN 3-8132-0430-8
  2. ↑ a b inventory DVL 6-5 “41. Fla-Raketenbrigade ”in the Federal Archives ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed July 19, 2009  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / startext.net-build.de
  3. ↑ Minutes of the 74th meeting of the National Defense Council of the GDR on July 3, 1987, p. 127 ( Memento of the original of October 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesarchiv.de
  4. ↑ Inventory DVL 4-15 "Officers' College of the Air Force / Air Defense" in the Federal Archives ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed July 19, 2009  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / startext.net-build.de
  5. ↑ Details in the article on the history of the FRT
  6. ^ A b Rüdiger Wenzke : "The National People's Army (1956–1990)" In: Torsten Diedrich , Hans Ehlert , Rüdiger Wenzke: "In the service of the party - Handbook of the armed organs of the GDR", Potsdam, 1998, ISBN 3-86153- 160-7
  7. ↑ a b ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Lieutenant Colonel retired Dipl. Rer. Mil Martin Kunze "Once again: weapons and equipment of the NVA - where have they gone? (Part 2) A chapter that is not always transparent - the legacy of the NVA. Inventory determination with double-entry bookkeeping " ) In: Information booklet No. 16 of the working group History of the NVA and integration of former NVA members in society and the Bundeswehr in the East Regional Board of the DBwV from March 2005 (PDF, 144 kB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.aggi-info.de
  8. ↑ Private homepage of Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Peter Skarus
  9. ↑ Wilfried Copenhagen : The Air Force of the NVA , p. 162
  10. ↑ Manfred Bikkara: NVA - A look back at the future. Contemporary witnesses report on a piece of German military history , Markus-Verlag, 1991, ISBN 978-3-87511-011-1
  11. ^ Klaus Naumann (editor): NVA. Claim and reality according to selected documents , Mittler-Verlag, 1993. ISBN 978-3-8132-0430-8 . P. 142
  12. ^ Julian-André Finke: Guardian of the air space ?: The air forces of the GDR in the system of the Warsaw Pact on duty , Ch. Links Verlag, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86153-580-5 . P. 274
  13. ↑ Dieter Farwick (editor): One state, one army. From the NVA to the Bundeswehr , Umschau, Frankfurt am Main, 1997. ISBN 978-3-9802828-2-6 . P. 82
  14. ^ Bernd Biedermann, Siegfried Horst: The anti-aircraft missile troops of the air defense of the GDR: history and stories , Steffen, Friedland, 2010. ISBN 978-3-940101-87-7
  15. ↑ Inventory DVL 8-3 "43. Fla-Raketenbrigade ”in the Federal Archives ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed July 19, 2009  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / startext.net-build.de
  16. ↑ Inventory DVL 6-6 “Fla-Raketenregiment 31 'Jaroslaw Dombrowski'” in the Federal Archives ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed July 19, 2009  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / startext.net-build.de
  17. ↑ Inventory DVL 8-4 “Fla-Raketenregiment 13” in the Federal Archives ( Memento of the original from October 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed July 19, 2009  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / startext.net-build.de

literature

  • Wilfried Copenhagen : The Air Force of the NVA . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-613-02235-4 (former title: The other German air force ).
  • Julian-André Finke: Guardian of the sky? The air forces of the GDR in the system of the Warsaw Pact on duty (military history of the GDR; vol. 18). Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-86153-580-5 (also dissertation, University of Bonn 2009).
  • Bernd Biedermann, Jürgen Gebbert, Wolfgang Kerner: The anti-aircraft missile complex S-300PMU in the NVA. History and stories . Steffen Verlag, Friedland 2012. ISBN 978-3-942477-22-2 .
  • Bernd Biedermann, Siegfried Horst: The anti-aircraft missile troops of the air defense of the GDR. History and stories . Steffen Verlag, Friedland 2010. ISBN 978-3-940101-87-7 .