Frans Haacken

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Franz Wilhelm Peter Maria Haacken (born January 7, 1911 in Aachen , † January 1, 1979 in Uitwellingerga / Netherlands ) was a German graphic artist, book designer and animator.

biography

Haacken grew up in a middle-class family in Aachen. His father is an authorized officer, the mother a housewife. He discovered drawing for himself early on. The painter Engelbert Mainzer promoted his talent at the secondary school and in 1931 encouraged him to study at the Aachen School of Applied Arts . Haacken studied here with the architect Hans Schwippert until 1933 and is a workshop student of the leading church glass artist Anton Wendling . Well-known fellow students of this era are the painters Bert Heller , Karl Fred Dahmen and Karl Otto Götz .

Haacken embarked on a career as a commercial artist , lived temporarily on the Inselhof , an agricultural and arts and crafts community in Zempin on the island of Usedom . In 1936 he moved to Berlin. Here he came into contact with animated films for the first time through commissions for advertising studios and the Reich Institute for Image and Film in Science and Education (RWU). In 1940 he was called up for military service. Seriously injured in the Soviet Union, he survived the Second World War in Berlin because the RWU classified him as “indispensable” after a long hospital stay. Immediately after the end of the war, intensive artistic work for publishers, theater and film begins. His roof-top studio in the western part of Berlin becomes a meeting place for well-known artists such as Heinz Trökes , Jan Bontjes van Beek , Lotte Reiniger , Edwin Redslob , Friedrich Luft , or Hilde Körber . He succeeded with woodcuts and from 1946 with the first children's book illustrations for the progressive Felguth publishing house . Books for Gebrüder Weiss Verlag , children's book publishers , magazine articles for Horizont , Aufbau , Ulenspiegel , Tagesspiegel followed quickly . Exhibitions in Berlin and Aachen follow. At the same time, he continues to pursue film experiments (including with the actor Paul Bildt and the composer Boris Blacher ). During the Berlin blockade he made one of the first full-length animated films after the war ( Das Spatzenfest , 1948), and the press made him “Walt Disney in the attic”.

The collaboration with Bertolt Brecht began in 1949 : together with Peter Palitzsch, Haacken designed posters for the Berliner Ensemble , covers and illustrations of several early books ( Calendar Stories , The Wounded Socrates , both 1949). Over the next ten years, Haacken designed over 60 posters and programs for other Berlin theaters: Volksbühne Berlin , Deutsches Theater Berlin , Staatsoper Berlin and Metropoltheater . In addition to children's books, he illustrates literature by authors such as Lion Feuchtwanger , Alfred Kantorowicz , Gottfried Keller , MY Ben-Gavriel , August Scholtis , Manfred Hausmann , Luise Rinser . His most successful book to date is published in 1958: the illustrations for Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf , which that year was chosen as the most beautiful book in the GDR . In the same year he designed glass pictures for the Church of St. Barbara in Alsdorf-Ofden, near Aachen. At the same time he continued to make commercials, especially for Hello Weber , with whom he won an award at the Cannes advertising biennale in 1956 . From the mid-1950s to the beginning of the 1970s, he also regularly produced films for schools and teaching for the FWU Institute for Film and Image in Science and Education and various state image offices .

In 1960 he withdrew from book design and became the studio manager of the branded film animation studio in Wedel near Hamburg . Not challenged by advertising, he returned to the book in 1967: He successfully illustrated Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland for Alfred Holz Verlag . The phase of one's own picture and nonsense stories begins: The gymnastics aunt and other Pinneberger stories (1968), A cow from Pinneberg (1972), Plum jam does it too (1972), The violet teacher (1972), A fool, a wise man and many Animals (1973). He later filmed some of these stories himself for television ( Sendung mit der Maus ). In 1972 he moved to Uitwellingerga (Netherlands), from where he continued to illustrate for well-known children's book publishers such as Otto Maier Ravensburg , Cecilie Dressler and Friedrich Oetinger . He did not live to see the publication of his last own book: Django , a picture book biography of the jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt , saw the light of day in the summer of 1979, six months after Haacken’s sudden death.

Haacken works with different techniques: the woodcut and the scraper, oriented towards Expressionism and New Objectivity; pen drawing, ironically caricaturing and related to the ligne claire des comics; the paper sculpture, with an amazing spatial effect; and the animation, in which all three techniques were used in varying proportions. The “ascetic, emaciated drawing style” and the subdued coloring gave his work an unmistakable identity.

Work (selection)

As an author

  • The hole in the pants. Children's book publisher, Berlin 1951, 30 pages.
  • The gymnastics aunt and other Pinneberger stories. Verlag Gerhard Stalling , Oldenburg / Hamburg 1968, 46 pages.
  • A cow from Pinneberg. Parabel Verlag , Munich 1972, 32 pages.
  • Plum jam does it too. Broschek Verlag , Hamburg 1972, 48 pages.
  • The purple teacher. Georg Bitter Verlag , Recklinghausen 1972, 30 pages.
  • One fool, one wise man and many animals. Georg Bitter Verlag, Recklinghausen 1973, 48 pages.
  • Django. Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg 1979, 36 pages.

As an illustrator

  • Arthur Felguth : Seidenquast's rose wedding. Felguth-Verlag, Berlin 1946, 25 pages.
  • Loman (di Josef Scholtes): O joy over joy. Felguth-Verlag, Berlin 1947, 24 pages.
  • Kreki (di Paul Gustav Chrzescinski): Hush the good ghost. Felguth-Verlag, Berlin 1948, 48 pages.
  • August Scholtis: The desertion. Gustav Spielberg Chronos Verlag, Berlin 1948, 128 pages.
  • Bertolt Brecht: Calendar Stories. Gebrüder Weiss Verlag, Berlin 1949, 183 pages.
  • Bertolt Brecht: The wounded Socrates. Children's book publisher, Berlin / Dresden 1949, 28 pages.
  • Kreki: A fat man, a thin man, a black man. Peter-Paul-Verlag , Feldberg / Mecklenburg 1949, 35 pages.
  • Gottfried Keller: The three just Kammacher . Aufbau-Verlag , Berlin 1950, 170 pages.
  • Samuil Marschak : Mister Twister. Children's book publisher, Berlin / Dresden 1950, 16 pages.
  • ID Wassilenko: Peps and Peter. Children's book publisher, Berlin / Dresden 1950, 99 pages.
  • André Maurois (d. I. Émile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog): The land of 36,000 wishes. Gebrüder Weiss, Berlin 1951, 86 pages.
  • Lisa Tetzner : Little Su from Africa. Gebrüder Weiss, Berlin / Munich 1952, 147 pages.
  • Bertolt Brecht: Calendar Stories. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1954, 229 pages.
  • Manfred Hausmann: Abel with the harmonica. S. Fischer Verlag , Frankfurt / Main / Hamburg 1955, 179 pages.
  • Lion Feuchtwanger: Pep. JL Wetcheek's American songbook. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1957, 85 pages.
  • Alfred Kantorowicz: My clothes. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1957, 90 pages.
  • MY Ben-Gavriel (d. I. Eugen Hoeflich): The house in Karpfengasse. Colloquium-Verlag Otto H. Hess , Berlin-Dahlem 1958, 239 pages.
  • Sergei Prokofiev: Peter and the Wolf. Alfred Holz Verlag, Berlin 1958, 58 pages.
  • Lewis Carroll: Alice in Wonderland. Alfred Holz Verlag, Berlin 1967, 193 pages.
  • Hans Christian Andersen : The Christmas Tree. Carlsen Verlag, Reinbek 1969, 20 pages.
  • Jan Procházka : The carp. Georg Bitter Verlag, Recklinghausen 1974, 60 pages.
  • L. Frank Baum : Der Zauberer Oz. Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg 1975, 206 pages.
  • Lewis Carroll: Alice in the Mirror Land. Edition Holz in Kinderbuchverlag, Berlin 1976, 200 pages
  • Magda Szabó : island blue. Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg 1976, 192 pages.

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

  • 1945 Berlin, Marga Schoeller bookstore
  • 1946 Aachen, City Theater
  • 1947 Berlin, Matthiesen Gallery
  • 1950 Aachen, Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum
  • 1968 Ahrenshoop , Bunte Stube
  • 1969 Munich, International Youth Library
  • 1972 Hamburg, gallery of the central library
  • 1979 Duisburg, city library
  • 2011 Munich, International Youth Library

Participation in exhibitions

  • 1946 Berlin, Atelier Haacken: Exhibition of Film Silhouettes by Lotte Reiniger and Wood Cuts by Frans Haacken
  • 1946 Berlin, Chamber of Cultural Workers: Young Generation
  • 1950 Berlin, Archivarion Gallery: Ball of Caricaturists and the Order of Optimists
  • 1954 Berlin, Volksbühne: The theater poster in Germany since 1945
  • 1954 Berlin, Central House of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship: 1st German Caricature Exhibition
  • 1961 Berlin, art library: artists recruit customers. German commercial graphics after 1945.
  • 1971 Marbach, German Literature Archive in the Schiller National Museum: Book covers 1900-1950.
  • 1973 Berlin, art library: advertisement for the modern theater
  • 1975 Duisburg: International children's and youth book exhibition IKIBU
  • 1978 Recklinghausen, Kunsthalle: Two publishers from Recklinghausen: Georg Bitter Verlag, Aurel Bongers Verlag. Artwork and illustration.
  • 1988 Cologne, Josef-Haubrich-Kunsthalle: The world of images in children's books. Children's and young people's books from five centuries.
  • 2006 Augsburg, Tuscan pillared hall in the armory: Brecht in book art and graphics.
  • 2007 Schwerin, Schleswig-Holstein-Haus : Pasted over - posters from the GDR.
  • 2016 Oelsnitz, Voigtsburg Castle: dreams in colors - children's book illustration of the GDR

Works in public collections

Awards

  • Competition to promote socialist children's and youth literature (1950, 1958)
  • Cannes advertising biennial (1956)
  • Most beautiful book in the GDR (1958)
  • Most Beautiful Books (1968)
  • Selection list of the German Youth Book Prize 1968
  • Silver palm of the International Salon of Humor in Bordighera (1969)
  • Recommended list of the Catholic Children's and Young People's Book Prize (1979)

literature

Monographs

  • Imma Wick: Frans Haacken 1911-1979. Duisburg, Duisburg City Library 1979, 44 pages.
  • Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. Draftsman between 3 worlds. Berlin, Gretanton Verlag 2012, 233 pages. ISBN 978-3-00-040470-2 .

Lexicons

  • Horst Künnemann: Frans Haacken. Pp. 515-516. In: Lexicon of children's and youth literature. Weinheim / Basel, Beltz 1984, 2067 pages. ISBN 3-407-56520-8 .
  • Volker Frank: Frans Haacken. Pp. 491-492. In: De Gruyter General Artist Lexicon. Volume 66. Berlin / New York, Walter De Gruyter 2010, 540 pages. ISBN 978-3-598-23033-2 .
  • Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. S. 1-D / 8 (32 pages). In: Lexicon of illustration in German-speaking countries from 1945. Munich, Richard Boorberg Verlag (edition text + kritik) 2012, 3rd subsequent delivery, approx. 1350 pages (loose-leaf collection). ISBN 978-3-86916-024-5 .

Secondary literature

  • Ute Liebert: The Felguth publishing house in Berlin from 1945 to 1950. P. 75–91. In: Slate, Volume VII No 2/3. Pinneberg, Renate Raecke Verlag 1985. ISSN  0344-984X .
  • Klaus Doderer (Ed.): Between rubble and prosperity. Literature of the youth 1945-1960. Weinheim / Basel, Beltz Verlag 1988. ISBN 3-407-56515-1 .
  • Friedrich Dieckmann , Karl-Heinz Drescher (ed.): The posters of the Berlin ensemble 1949-1989. Hamburg, Europäische Verlagsanstalt 1992, 248 pages. ISBN 3-434-50013-8 .
  • Lothar Lang : From Hegenbarth to Altenbourg. Book illustration and artist book in the GDR. Stuttgart, Dr. Ernst Hauswedell and Co. Verlag 2000, 284 pages. ISBN 3-7762-1200-4 .
  • Bernhard Frank, Marieluise Schaum (ed.): Posters of the Volksbühne 1949-2001. Berlin, Volksbühne 2008, 95 pages.
  • Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. A forgotten iconographer of Brecht. Pp. 18-25. In: Dreigroschenheft . 3/2013. Augsburg, Wißner-Verlag 2013. ISSN  0949-8028 .
  • Till Schröder: Between Brecht and picture book. The cross-border commuter Frans Haacken. Pp. 44-55. In: Marginalia . Journal for book art and bibliophilia (issue 211, 3/2013). Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2013. ISSN  0025-2948 .
  • Till Schröder: ascetic of the line - the graphic artist Frans Haacken. Pp. 21-24. In: Graphic Art . New episode: Issue 1, 2014. Memmingen, Edition Curt Visel 2014. ISSN  0342-3158 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. Draftsman between 3 worlds. Berlin: Gretanton-Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-040470-2 , p. 13.
  2. ↑ Short entry at the Heimatverein Zempin
  3. ^ Interim report of Department I (Administration) of the RWU from October 1, 1944. Federal Archives, call number R / 169/1.
  4. ↑ Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. Draftsman between 3 worlds. Berlin: Gretanton-Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-040470-2 , p. 28.
  5. ↑ ibid, p. 48.
  6. ↑ The film is considered lost. A fragment is stored in the Federal Film Archive.
  7. ↑ Walt Disney in the attic. A new cartoon humorist introduces himself. In: Stuttgarter Illustrierte, November 20, 1949.
  8. ^ Evidence in the collection of the Berlin Academy of the Arts
  9. ↑ Proof at the Foundation Research Center for 20th Century Glass Painting eV Mönchengladbach
  10. ↑ Till Schröder: Frans Haacken. Draftsman between 3 worlds. Berlin: Gretanton-Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-040470-2 , p. 49.
  11. ↑ Horst Künnemann: Haackens picture stories: a cow in a bathrobe. In: Die Zeit, No. 45, November 10, 1972.
  12. ↑ Collection records of the Poster East Foundation
personal data
SURNAME Haacken, Frans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haaken, Franz Wilhelm Peter (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German graphic artist, book designer and animator
DATE OF BIRTH January 7, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Aachen
DATE OF DEATH 1st January 1979
Place of death Uitwellingerga (Netherlands)