Franz I (Erbach-Erbach)

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Franz I. Graf zu Erbach-Erbach, painting from the first half of the 19th century
Monument to Count Franz in front of the Erbach Castle
Antique collection in Erbach Castle
Hadrian's statue
Antique vases in a contemporary arrangement
Sheet from the so-called Erbacher catalogs
Reconstruction of the gate system of Fort Eulbach in Eulbacher Park (early 19th century)

Franz I. Graf zu Erbach-Erbach (born October 29, 1754 in Erbach (Odenwald) ; † March 8, 1823 ibid) was the ruling count of the county of Erbach as well as an art collector , collector of antiquities and a pioneer of Roman provincial archeology in Germany.

origin

His parents were Count Georg Wilhelm von Erbach-Erbach (* July 19, 1686 - May 31, 1757) and his second wife Leopoldine Sophie Wilhelmine zu Salm-Grumbach (* November 17, 1731 - February 28, 1795), daughter of Wild and Rhine Count Karl Walrad Wilhelm zu Salm-Grumbach and Countess Juliane von Prösing and Limpurg .

Life

After the early death of his father, he was brought up first by his mother and then by Christian Friedrich Freund . From autumn 1769 to spring 1773 he studied political science , history and archeology in Lausanne , Strasbourg and Paris . In addition to his studies, Franz worked on the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann . On a two-year educational trip , he then visited London, Brussels, The Hague, Berlin , Dresden and Italy. In Berlin he got to know the agricultural reformer Johann Christian Schubart and his writings. Influenced by this, he initiated the cultivation of red clover in the Odenwald and donated the Kleetaler to support this project .

In Rome he met many scholars who had had a close relationship with Winckelmann: Ennio Quirino Visconti (1751–1819), Winckelmann's successor in the post of papal commissioner for antiquities, Cardinal Alessandro Albani (1692–1779), patron, employer and friend Winckelmanns, and Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein (1719–1793), Russian and Saxon-Gotha councilor, close friend of Winckelmanns. The count let Reiffenstein lead him through the city. He saw in him a good friend and scientific advisor. He dedicated his catalog, completed in 1808, the description of his antique collection to him. During a month's stay in Naples, from where he visited the excavations in Pompeii and Herculaneum , he also got to know the English ambassador to the court of Naples, Sir William Hamilton (1730-1803), and his famous first collection of vases.

When he returned to Erbach, he took over the government in 1775. He paid particular attention to improving agriculture and promoting trade, handicrafts and transport. From January to June 1791 he made a second trip to Italy. In Rome, Count Franz met many acquaintances whom he had known from his first stay. Together with Reiffenstein, the count visited many collections, including a. the vase collection of the painter and art dealer Thomas Jenkins (1720–1798) and the collection of cut stones in the Palazzo Strozzi . Due to the impressions he gained and the influence of his friends Reiffenstein and Visconti, the count became a collector by his own account. The archaeologist Aloys Hirt (1759–1837) and the two sculptors Alexander Trippel (1744–1793) and Bartolomeo Cavaceppi (1716–1799) also helped him with the purchase. The latter also worked as a restorer for the count. On March 28, the antiques that had been acquired by then were sent to Erbach.

At the end of April the count's travel company went to Naples. During the three-week stay the castles of Portici and CapodiMonte were visited, where the antiquities found in Pompeii and Herculaneum were placed. They also went to Pompeii and Baiae . The count also made closer acquaintance with Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein (1751–1829), the director of the Art Academy in Naples. He was just preparing the copperplate engravings for the publication of Hamilton's second collection of vases. Tischbein showed them the copperplate engravings for this work, so that the count was familiar with at least some of the images on the vases in Hamilton's second collection, even if he could not look at them himself. This prompted him to purchase a few more vases in Naples for his collection; the painter Jacob Philipp Hackert (1737–1807) had already worked for him in this regard.

The collection of antiquities brought together on this second trip to Italy comprised thirty-three marble sculptures, over one hundred and seventy vases, small bronzes, some remains of mosaic and Egyptian. For their installation the count had already in Italy by his painter Johann Wilhelm Wendt (1747-1815) worked out several plans for a redesign of the rooms of the Erbacher Schloss , which were to house his newly acquired antique collection. These rooms were set up in the baroque wing of the palace. The sculptures were distributed in the two so-called Roman rooms, the vases in his so-called Hetrurian Cabinet. The first Roman room was a reception room, the second Roman room a study, and the so-called Hetrurian Cabinet served as his bedroom.

In the years 1804–1805, Wendt built the so-called knight's hall in the Gothic style from a hall on the ground floor of the Erbach Castle and four rooms above. It served to display the extensive collection of medieval armor and weapons.

Until the mediatization in 1806, Franz was sovereign of the area of ​​the Erbach-Erbach line founded by his father Count Georg Wilhelm. From 1820 to 1821 he was a member of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

  • Father of Franz I .: Georg-Wilhelm zu Erbach-Erbach (1686–1757)

  • Mother of Franz I .: Leopoldine, b. Wild and Rhine Countess of Salm-Grumbach (1731–1795)

  • Franz I at a young age

  • Franz I with his seven children

family

He married Luise zu Leiningen-Dagsburg (1755-1785), daughter of Count Karl Friedrich Wilhelm zu Leiningen-Dagsburg (1724-1807) and Countess Luise zu Solms-Rödelheim (1736-1803) in Dürkheim in 1776 . The couple had two sons and five daughters:

  • Charlotte Auguste Wilhelmine (* June 5, 1777; † May 21, 1846) ∞ Prince Carl I Friedrich Ludwig Moritz, zu Isenburg (* June 29, 1766; † March 21, 1820)
  • Marianne Luise Friederike Karoline, (* October 4, 1778; † April 30, 1797)
  • Caroline Luise Wilhelmine (* November 21, 1779; † December 6, 1825) ∞ Count Joseph Karl Leopold Franz Ludwig zu Ortenburg-Neuortenburg (* August 30, 1780; † March 28, 1831)
  • Luise (born January 28, 1781; † May 3, 1830) ∞ Count Friedrich Christoph von Degenfeld-Schonburg (born September 30, 1769; † February 9, 1848)
  • Carl (II.) (Born June 11, 1782; † April 14, 1832) ∞ Countess Anna Sophie zu Erbach-Fürstenau (born September 25, 1796; † July 14, 1845)
  • Auguste Karoline (* August 19, 1783; † June 11, 1833) ∞ Count Friedrich Magnus II. Zu Solms-Wildenfels (* September 17, 1777; † November 18, 1857)
  • Friedrich (January 4, 1785; † September 2, 1854) Count of Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth, Lord of Breuberg, Curl and Ostermannshofen, Lord of Steinbach

After the death of his first wife, he married Charlotte Luise Polyxene Kolb von Wartenberg (* November 27, 1755; † May 20, 1844) daughter of Friedrich Karl Kolb von Wartenberg (1725–1784) and Caroline Polyxena von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg ( 1728-1782). The couple had no other children.

Collector

Franz I. zu Erbach-Erbach became famous for the collections of antiquities and old German objects (armor, glass paintings ) presented in the Knights' Hall (1805) of Erbach Castle , which make up the core of today's castle collection. In addition, he also collected deer antlers .

Pioneer of Provincial Roman Archeology

The count, who was enthusiastic about antiquity not least through his studies and his travels, was the first to have the Odenwald Limes , its watchtowers and forts excavated more or less systematically . The forts Lützelbach , Windlücke , Hainhaus , Würzberg , Eulbach , Hesselbach and Schloßau were uncovered and examined on his behalf by Johann Friedrich Knapp . Parts of the building remains and other finds found their way into the Count's collection of antiquities and the Eulbacher Park , where the Count's hunting lodge was located. A first investigation of the Roman Villa Haselburg goes back to an order of the Count. Franz I handwritten the so-called Erbacher catalogs about his extensive archaeological activities, which can be regarded as early archaeological-scientific documentation in their efforts to ensure accuracy.

Ivory carver

Count Franz was the initiator of the ivory carving in Erbach (see German Ivory Museum ).

literature

  • Eduard Anthes :  Erbach-Erbach, Franz Graf zu . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 48, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 384-387.
  • Ludwig Clemm :  Franz Graf zu Erbach-Erbach. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 564 ( digitized version ).
  • L. Ferdinand Dieffenbach: Count Franz zu Erbach-Erbach. A picture of life and culture from the end of the XVIII. and the beginning of the XIX. Century . Darmstadt 1879
  • Rainer Braun: Early research on the Upper German Limes in Baden-Württemberg. Small script knowledge Rom. Occupation History of Southwest Germany (= Writings of the Limes Museum Aalen, 45), Stuttgart 1991, p. 21f.
  • Wolfgang Glüber: Franz I and the knight's hall in the castle of Erbach . In: Art in Hesse and the Middle Rhine . NF 2, 2006, pp. 35-62
  • Brita von Götz-Mohr: “Amico optimo”. Franz Graf zu Erbach-Erbach (1754–1823), Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein (1719–1793) and the antique collections in Erbach in the Odenwald . 2006
  • Brita von Götz-Mohr, Caterina Maderna: Count Franz I. zu Erbach-Erbach and his collections in the castle of Erbach . Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-1998-1
  • Klaus Fittschen : Catalog of the ancient sculptures in Erbach Castle. Archaeological research 3 . Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-7861-2245-8
  • Helmut Prückner: The Roman rooms of Erbach Castle in the Odenwald . In: Herbert Beck , Peter C. Bol , Wolfram Prinz (eds.): Collections of antiquities in the 18th century . Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-7861-1268-1 , pp. 237-255.
  • Helmut Prückner: Erbacher vases . In: Herbert A. Cahn, Erika Simon u. a. (Ed.): Tania. Festschrift Roland Hampe . Mainz 1980, ISBN 3-8053-0377-7 , pp. 483-501
  • Volker Heenes: Vase pictures in the Odenwald . In: Martin Flashar (Ed.): Europa à la Grecque. Vases make fashion . 2nd Edition. Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930609-17-7 , pp. 92-103.
  • Volker Heenes: The vases from the collection of Count Franz I. von Erbach zu Erbach . (= Peleus 3). Mannheim, Bodenheim 1998, ISBN 3-931705-20-X
  • Dietwulf Baatz : The Roman Limes . 3. Edition. Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-7861-1701-2 , pp. 185-189.
  • Anita Rieche : Roma fuit. Roman buildings in the Eulbach landscape garden . In: Bonner Jahrbücher 204, 2004, pp. 233–259.
  • Volker Heenes: "Franz von Erbach and his Passion for Antiquities", in: Collecting and the Princely Apartment, ed. by Susan Bracken, Andrea M. Galdy , Adriana Turpin, Newcastle 2011, ISBN 978-1-4438-2591-7 , pp. 163-170.
  • Volker Heenes: A modern chalice crater in Erbach - to the Erbach wedding vase , in: Thetis. Mannheimer Contributions to Classical Archeology and History of Greece and Cyprus 21, 2015, ISBN 978-3-447-10338-1 , pp. 137–143.

Web links

proof

  1. ↑ Erhard Ueckermann : The deer horn collection in Erbach Castle / Odenwald . In: Journal for Hunting Science . Volume 42, 1996, pp. 61-72
  2. ^ Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann : On the history of archaeological monument preservation in Hesse on the website of the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse.
  3. ↑ Continuation of ivory art in Erbach .
personal data
SURNAME Franz I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Erbach-Erbach, Franz I. Graf zu
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count zu Erbach-Erbach, German art collector
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1754
PLACE OF BIRTH Erbach (Odenwald)
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1823
Place of death Erbach (Odenwald)