Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing

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Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing (photograph by Theodor Hilsdorf , around 1910)

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing (born April 22, 1873 in Potsdam , † January 12, 1956 in Oberaudorf am Inn ) was a German Egyptologist .

Life

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing was the son of the Prussian general Moritz von Bissing and was raised to the baron status through primogeniture . He attended the Joachimsthalsche Gymnasium in Berlin. From 1892 he studied classical philology here and in Bonn (the transcript of three lectures by Hermann Diels is preserved ), classical archeology and art history , as well as Egyptology (with Adolf Erman ). In 1896 he was in Bonn with Alfred Wiedemann with the dissertation The statistical tables Thutmose III. PhD . From 1897 to 1898 he worked as a freelancer for the dictionary of the Egyptian language at the Berlin Academy .

A longer stay in Egypt followed. Here, among other things, he was involved in the creation of the general catalog of the Cairo Museum ( Catalog général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire ), in which he worked on the vessels made of metal, faience and stone. In the period from 1898 to 1901, together with Ludwig Borchardt , he excavated the solar sanctuary of Niuserre . He paid for the excavation from his own resources. After returning, he was at the 1901 Munich University habilitated in 1905 there to associate professor , 1906 full professor appointed. He was able to practice teaching and research largely with the help of his own large library and rich collection. In 1922 he was appointed to the University of Utrecht , where he taught until his retirement in 1926. For the 30 years until his death he lived as a private scholar on an estate near Oberaudorf am Inn. Since 1921 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1936 he was elected a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

Bissing was considered politically reactionary, he was accused of ethnic , anti-Semitic and anti-Catholic attitudes. He had been a member of the NSDAP since 1925 and was a friend of Rudolf Hess . He wore the gold party badge . He remained a devout Protestant and was even a member of the regional synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria . His efforts to remain loyal to both the party and the church failed. In 1937 he was expelled from the party despite an appeal to the “ Führer ”. He did not turn away from National Socialism before 1945. However, he could not come to terms with individual excesses of National Socialism. After the so-called “ Reichspogromnacht ” in 1938, he visited his Jewish colleague Georg Steindorff to express his regret about what had happened.

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing was married to Elisabeth (Elsa) Freifrau von Carlowitz (1875–1961) since 1904 . His library was auctioned off after his death. He donated parts of his Egyptological private collection to the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Hildesheim and the antique collection of the Martin von Wagner Museum in Würzburg . In 1935 he sold a large part of the collection to the Kestner Museum in Hanover .

Publications

  • A Theban grave find from the beginning of the New Kingdom , 1900
  • The mastaba of Gem-ni-kai , 1905
  • The Re-sanctuary of King Ne-woser-re (Rathures) , 1905
  • Introduction to the history of Egyptian art from the most ancient times to the Romans , 1908
  • The culture of ancient Egypt , 1913
  • Monuments of Egyptian Sculpture , 1914
  • The war aims of our enemies (Library for Economics and World Economics, Volume 20), Dresden 1916
  • The Importance of Oriental Art History for General Art History , 1922
  • Investigations into the reliefs from the Re-Sanctuary des Rathures , 1922
  • Time and origin of the Egyptian faience and glazed clay vessels found in Cerveteri , 1941
  • The floor from the palace of King Amenhotep IV at El Hawata in the Cairo Museum , 1941
  • The building history of the southern temple of Buhen (near Wadi Halfa) , 1942
  • Egyptian and Mesopotamian seal cylinders of the III. Millennium BC , 1943
  • Attempt to determine the basic meaning of the word Nutr for God in ancient Egyptian , 1951
  • The ancient African origin of the word baboon-babuin and its occurrence as the name of God in ancient Egyptian texts , 1951
  • Ancient Egyptian Wisdom , Library of the Old World, Der Alte Orient series , 1955

A complete list of scriptures in Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 84, 1959, pp. 1-16.

In addition to the writings in the field of Egyptology, von Bissing also wrote a large number of political essays and other contributions on the global political situation.

literature

  • Hellmut Brunner : Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing (April 22, 1873– January 12, 1956) . In: Archiv für Orientforschung 17, 1954/56, pp. 484–485.
  • Hans-Wolfgang Müller : Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing 1873-1956. In: Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 81, 1959, pp. IV – VI.
  • Hermann Grapow : My meeting with some Egyptologists . Seitz, Berlin 1973, p.?.
  • Warren R. Dawson, Eric P. Uphill: Who was who in Egyptology . 3rd edition by Maurice L. Bierbrier. The Egypt Exploration Society, London 1995, ISBN 0-85698-125-7 , pp. 46-47.
  • Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm Frhr. v. In: Wolfgang Helck , Eberhard Otto : Small Lexicon of Egyptology. 4th revised edition. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-44704-027-0 , p. 53.
  • Thomas Beckh: The Institute for Egyptology of the Ludwig Maximilian University during National Socialism , in: Elisabeth Kraus (ed.): The University of Munich in the Third Reich. Essays. Volume 1. Utz, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8316-0639-0 , pp. 249-297.
  • Thomas L. Gertzen: The engagement of the Egyptologist Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing for the German war propaganda in the First World War
    • Part 1: Belgium under German occupation. In: Göttinger Miszellen 221, 2009, pp. 109–118.
    • Part 2: wishes and goals. In: Göttinger Miszellen 222, 2009, pp. 95-104.
  • Alfred Grimm : Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing. Egyptologist, patron, collector (= research on Aegyptiaca in Munich, studies on the acquisition history of the collection. Vol. 5). State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030132-2 .
  • Stefan Heid : Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing . In: Stefan Heid, Martin Dennert (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon for Christian Archeology. Researchers and personalities from the 16th to the 21st century . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0 , Vol. 1, pp. 194-195.
  • Alexandra Verbovsek: Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm von. In: Peter Kuhlmann , Helmuth Schneider (Hrsg.): History of the ancient sciences. Biographical Lexicon (= The New Pauly . Supplements. Volume 6). Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02033-8 , Sp. 107 f.
  • Peter Raulwing, Thomas L. Gertzen: Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing in the focus of Egyptological and contemporary historical research: the years 1914 to 1926 . In: Thomas Schneider, Peter Raulwing (Ed.): Egyptology from the First World War to the Third Reich. Ideology, Scholarship, and Individual Biographies. Brill, Leiden / Boston 2013, ISBN 978-90-04-24329-3 , pp. 34-119.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Diels: Greek Philosophy. Lecture transcript from the winter semester 1897/98. Edited by Johannes Saltzwedel . Steiner, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-515-09609-6 , the other two transcripts from the same manuscript are not published therein: Greek lyric poets and Herodotus .
  2. ^ Member entry by Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 2, 2017.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 40.
  4. ↑ see Steindorff in his so-called Steindorff list
  5. ↑ Egypt, the Old Orient, Hellas and Rome, Germanic early history, Varia. Library Prof. Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Baron v. Bissing. November 28 - December 1, 1956 (= Stuttgart Art Cabinet. Art Auction 26, ZDB ID 345123-9 ). Stuttgarter Kunstkabinett, Stuttgart 1956. 184 pp.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Egyptologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Potsdam
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1956
Place of death Oberaudorf