Friedrich Mennecke

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Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Mennecke (born October 6, 1904 in Groß-Freden , † January 28, 1947 in the Butzbach prison ) was a German doctor who was involved in the Nazi murders of the T4 campaign and child "euthanasia" and the selection of Concentration camp prisoners involved in action 14f13 .

Life

Family and education

As the son of the stone carver Karl Mennecke, Friedrich Mennecke attended elementary school in Groß-Freden from 1911 to 1914. From 1914 he completed his school education at the Realprogymnasium in Alfeld and from 1920 on the Realgymnasium in Einbeck , which he completed in 1923 with the Abitur. In the same year, his father died at the age of 50 after a long illness: Karl Mennecke, an active social democrat, had returned from the First World War paralyzed in 1917 . After graduating from high school, Friedrich Mennecke completed a one-year commercial apprenticeship at Deutsche Spiegelglas AG in Freden and then worked for the same company as an export merchant.

In October 1927, Mennecke was able to start studying medicine at the University of Göttingen with financial support from a relative . Starting in the summer semester of 1929, he studied for two semesters at the University of Marburg , where he took the physics course on May 31, 1930 . Back in Göttingen, he completed his studies: on April 28, 1934 with the medical examination and on May 11, 1934 with a doctorate on the subject of "Hemosiderin nodules on the epicardium." He gained his first practical experience as a medical intern from June 1934 to May 1935 the Surgical Clinic Göttingen, the City Hospital Peine , the State Hospital Göttingen and the University Women's Clinic Frankfurt am Main .

In Göttingen, Mennecke met the medical-technical assistant Eva Wehlan, whom he married on June 4, 1937. The marriage remained childless.

Medical practice and Nazi career

On March 28, 1932, Mennecke joined the NSDAP ( membership number 1.095.280) and on May 1, 1932 the SS (SS number 142.813). As a student, he carried out medical examinations for newly admitted SS members.

After completing his medical internship, he found work as an assistant doctor at the Bad Homburg district hospital in front of the height from July 1, 1935 . On January 1, 1936, he switched to the Eichberg state hospital near Eltville am Rhein as an institution doctor . From January 22, 1938, he became senior physician, on January 30, 1939, he became chief physician and also officially director of the Eichberg state hospital, which he had provisionally headed from the beginning of 1938.

In the SS, Mennecke was employed from February 1, 1937 as an adjutant to the SS doctor in the SS upper section Rhein / Westmark in Wiesbaden. Promoted several times, he reached the rank of SS-Obersturmführer on April 20, 1939; in October 1940 he became SS-Hauptsturmführer . In the NSDAP he took over the office of the district commissioner of the Racial Political Office for the Rheingau and Sankt Goarshausen districts in August 1937 . From April 1, 1939, he headed the Erbach-Eichberg local group of the NSDAP. Mennecke, who had already taken part in military exercises several times before the beginning of the Second World War , was deployed as a military doctor on the Siegfried Line from the beginning of the war .

Reviewer of the T4 campaign

On February 1, 1940, Mennecke was officially deferred from military service on intervention by IG Farben in order to be able to continue the experiments carried out at Eichberg with an arsenic benzene preparation from the Höchst IG Farben plant since the summer of 1939 . Around February 8, 1940, he attended a meeting of eight to ten doctors in Berlin's Columbushaus . There Viktor Brack from the Führer’s office explained that a “Führer's order” had decided to kill “life unworthy of living” and that experts were being sought for this T4 campaign . Mennecke, like all doctors present, agreed to participate. The planning and preparations for "Aktion T4" had been going on since July 1939; In January 1940, the killing of sick and disabled people in the Grafeneck and Brandenburg killing centers had begun.

Mennecke's task as a so-called “ expert ” consisted of helping to decide on the selection of patients to be killed on the basis of a registration form completed by the patient's institution. In the framed box of the registration form, he entered a '+' if the patient was to be killed, a '-' stood for the patient's continued life. A '?' Was also possible for a questionable decision. The final decision was made by a “senior expert” on the basis of three such previously prepared reports. The registration forms were sent by post from the Berlin headquarters of “Aktion T4” and Mennecke processed them “from home” in addition to his work as the Eichberg's director. According to his own statements, he prepared around 7,000 "reports"; He claims to have suggested killing around 2,500 patients.

Parallel to his work as an "expert", he was a member of medical commissions that filled out or checked registration forms on site in the institutions. Mennecke took part in the selections when the Bedburg-Hau institution was cleared between February 26 and March 4, 1940. In June 1940 he was a member of a medical commission which selected sick people in Austria, which at that time belonged to the German Reich , to be killed in Hartheim . The destinations of further selection trips were Lohr and Hall in Tirol in September 1940 , the Bodelschwinghschen Anstalten in Bethel in February 1941 and the Lemgo area in June 1941 .

In November 1940 at the latest, Mennecke learned at a meeting in Berlin that the facility in Hadamar was also to be converted into an euthanasia facility. Mennecke's own facility in Eichberg was intended as an intermediate facility for Hadamar, 70 km away, to which the patients were initially transferred in order to conceal the true purpose of the ambulance transports. Between January and August 1941, 784 patients from Eichberg and a further 1,487 patients from the intermediate institution there were transferred to Hadamar and killed there. According to Mennecke, he once observed the death of the sick in the gas chamber in Hadamar through a small window.

Selection of concentration camp prisoners in "Aktion 14f13"

Under the term “ Aktion 14f13 ”, also called “ Sonderbehehandling 14f13”, “Aktion T4” was extended - probably at the end of March 1941 - to prisoners in the concentration camps : Doctors from the “Aktion T4” selected prisoners in the concentration camps who were then transferred to the killing centers were gassed. Friedrich Mennecke was involved in the first known selections in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , especially in the winter of 1941/1942 the "appraisal" of concentration camp prisoners was a focus of his work. According to his own statements, he was active in the concentration camps in Dachau , Buchenwald , Auschwitz , Ravensbrück , Neuengamme and Groß-Rosen . For the selections of "Aktion 14f13", the registration forms already used in Aktion T4 were used, but only partially filled out. At least for Jewish prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp, Mennecke did not make any medical diagnoses, but instead transferred the reasons for arrest from the prisoner files to the registration forms.

Children's “euthanasia” on the Eichberg

At the same time as “Aktion T4”, the Führer’s chancellery operated under the cover name “ Reich Committee for the Scientific Recording of Hereditary and Constitutional Serious Ailments ” to murder children who were born with disabilities. For this purpose, so-called children's departments were set up at selected hospitals , in which the children were mostly murdered by overdosing on drugs. The head of the "Reich Committee" was Hans Hefelmann , his deputy was Richard von Hegener . Both came to the Eichberg institution at the beginning of 1941 to discuss the establishment of a “children's department”. Head of this department was Menneckes deputy, the senior physician Walter Schmidt . The children were murdered after a period of observation as soon as a “treatment authorization” from the “Reich Committee” from Berlin was available. Mennecke handled the correspondence with the "Reich Committee" and discussed the killing of the children with his senior physician Schmidt, insofar as he was present in his institution. By the end of the war, 430 children under the age of ten had died in the Eichberg institution. Some of these children had previously been examined in a research project at the Heidelberg Psychiatric University Clinic under Carl Schneider . The murder of the children was conceptually planned, the brains of the children should be sent to Heidelberg for examination after their death. The number of children killed in this “research project” varies: 110 is assumed in some cases, a Heidelberg research group came to the conclusion that 21 children were murdered, but only in three due to the increasing difficulties in communication and transport at the end of the war Cases the brains were sent to Heidelberg.

Front deployment and hospital stays

On January 18, 1943, Mennecke was reassigned to the Wehrmacht, first he was deployed in a reserve hospital in Metz (→ Metz Fortress ), then from March 1943 as a troop doctor in the communications department 282 on the Channel coast near Dunkirk. In April 1943 this unit was relocated to Kharkov in Ukraine on the Eastern Front. There he fell ill with Graves' disease in August 1943 . Hospital treatment and recreational leave dragged on until April 1944, when he was employed as a neurologist in a reserve hospital in Bühl, Baden . In July 1944 he was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis . He was healed in reserve hospitals in St. Blasien in the Black Forest, Rockenau near Eberbach in the Odenwald and Beuron . In March 1945 he worked again briefly as a neurologist in a hospital before tuberculosis broke out a second time.

Trial after the end of the war

After the end of the war, Mennecke was a French prisoner of war in Württemberg until June 1945 and then moved to Freden and Moringen near his mother in autumn 1945 after a stay in the Allgäu . Here he was initially able to live with his wife without being recognized. Mennecke was arrested in March or April 1946 when he was about to take up employment in a refugee camp on the site of the former Moringen youth concentration camp .

In interrogations, he initially stated that he had no knowledge of the real purpose of his expert work for "Aktion T4". However, he then declared on November 2, 1946:

“After I have thought about everything carefully in the silence of my cell during the long months of pre-trial detention and have also gained enough inner distance from the processes as such, I feel the need to explain that in 1940 I was the true one The sense of the "planned economy work" learned. "

The Landgericht Frankfurt negotiated from 2 December 1946 at Eichberg process against Frederick Mennecke, against the senior physician Walter Eugen Schmidt and against four nurses. Mennecke was sentenced to death on December 21, 1946 for "murder in an unspecified number of cases" because he had "participated in the mass killing of the so-called euthanasia program of National Socialism as an accomplice" . Mennecke appealed on a revision.

On January 16 and 17, 1947, Mennecke testified as a witness at the Nuremberg doctors' trial . He heavily incriminated Viktor Brack, who was accused there. Friedrich Mennecke, who described himself in Nuremberg as a “seriously ill patient” , as “physically extremely weak and powerless” , died on January 28, 1947 in a cell of the Butzbach prison , before the death sentence against him became legally binding would have. A poor general condition due to tuberculosis is considered to be a possible cause of death. Suicide cannot be ruled out, as Mennecke had been visited by his wife two days earlier.

Mennecke letters

When Mennecke was arrested in 1946, an extensive collection of letters was confiscated, even if only a third of the original 8,000 pages remained. By far the largest part are letters from Mennecke to his wife from his time in the Wehrmacht and from the selections of "Aktion 14f13" as well as answers from his wife. Other documents received are Mennecke's applications from around 1935 and correspondence with superiors and colleagues from "Aktion T4". The letters, especially about Mennecke's work in the concentration camps, were important evidence in the Eichberg trial and in other proceedings such as the Nuremberg medical trial. Also found near Mennecke were photographs of concentration camp inmates, which were probably taken while the inmates were being identified. Mennecke had noted the reasons for arrest on the back of the photos as they should have been noted as a “medical diagnosis” on the registration form for “Special Treatment 14f13”.

Historical research on the National Socialist “euthanasia” program is heavily reliant on testimony from the perpetrators' witnesses, which arose during the judicial investigation after the end of the war. The truthfulness of the testimony is always doubtful because of the threat of prosecution. Against this background, contemporary sources, which, like Mennecke's letters, also reveal the perpetrators' private perspective, have particular documentary value. In 1987 the letters, edited by Peter Chroust, were published by the Hamburg Institute for Social Research as part of a project to analyze perpetrator biographies .

In his letters to his wife, Mennecke reports in extraordinary detail about his everyday life; The banal and the important alternate. His wife is addressed as "Muttilein" , "Muttili" , "Mausili" and "Muttikind" , and he describes himself as "Fritz-Vati" or "Pa" . This is interpreted as an expression of - also mutual - infantilization . The often martial tone in official letters takes a back seat in letters to his wife: there are at least hints of feelings of fear or helplessness. Mennecke does not express any doubts or feelings of guilt about his involvement in the National Socialist murders. Two sides of his personality become visible: the perpetrator side, which shows no empathy for his victims, to whose often certain death he contributes, and a side that produces a caring, at the same time controlling behavior towards his wife.

For example, he wrote to his wife in a letter dated November 20, 1941 from Ravensbrück :

“The work just slips away because the heads have already been typed and I only write in the diagnosis, main symptoms, etc. (...) Dr. Sunday sits there u. gives me the information about the behavior in the camp, a squad leader brings the patients in for me - it works perfectly. I eat in the camp; Today at noon there was lentil soup with bacon in the casino, and omelette for dessert. At 5 p.m. I stopped and had dinner again in the casino (with Dr. Sonntag each time): 3 types of sausage, butter, bread, beer. Then I was driven to the hotel and picked up this morning at 8.30 a.m. I am now always picked up at 9 am (...) From 1 pm to 2.30 pm there is a lunch break, today after dinner there was a digestive walk with Koegel u. Sunday, the cattle sheds were visited (...). I sleep wonderfully in my bed, it's similar to Hilmershausen. (...) Hopefully you are as well as I am; I feel flawless! "

"First and foremost a National Socialist and then a doctor"

“Outside of National Socialist Germany and especially the euthanasia program, a doctor like Dr. Friedrich Mennecke could hardly play a bigger role. He was neither particularly gifted nor otherwise qualified for the profession of psychiatrist; It was more by chance that in 1936, at the age of 32, after completing the medical internship, he slipped into the secure career of a prison doctor in Eichberg, which the son of the early deceased Steinhauer thought was worth striving for. "

- Alice Platen-Hallermund : The killing of the mentally ill in Germany

According to the current state of research, Mennecke's career at the Eichberg institution was by no means as random as it appeared to the Eichberg trial observer, Alice Platen-Hallermund: Eichberg was subordinate to the Nassau district association, which was responsible for the sanatoriums and nursing homes in the Wiesbaden administrative region of the Prussian province Hessen-Nassau was responsible. In the mid-1930s, the department head there, Fritz Bernotat, tried to fill the post of prison physicians exclusively with SS members. However, this could not be practiced consistently because there was a lack of suitable applicants. A special relationship of trust developed between Bernotat and Mennecke, which in January 1938 contributed to the termination of the previous director of the Eichberg institution. With four and a half years of professional experience, Mennecke also officially became director of an institution with almost 1,200 patients in January 1939, a good two years before he was recognized as a specialist in neurology and psychiatry on February 1, 1941 . The institutions in the Nassau district practiced a rigid austerity course in the 1930s: They replaced the patients' mattresses with straw sacks. The forced transfer of patients from church homes to state institutions led to overcrowding and, moreover, to a significant deterioration in care, as hardly any additional staff was hired. The meals for the sick were also drastically reduced. As a result of the particularly radical austerity measures in Hessen-Nassau - compared to other German regions - there was an increase in patient mortality even before the murders of "Aktion T4", to which, according to current knowledge, around 1,000 people fell victim. The austerity policy was largely initiated by Head of Department Fritz Bernotat, who could be sure of the support of Governor Wilhelm Traupel and Gauleiter Jakob Sprenger .

The selection of doctors for the work as “assessors” for “Aktion T4” was based on recommendations and personal acquaintances; Political reliability was an essential criterion: Friedrich Mennecke was probably recommended by the Heidelberg psychiatry professor Carl Schneider or Ministerialrat Herbert Linden from the Reich Ministry of the Interior. Both played a leading role in “Aktion T4”; They knew Mennecke from an inspection at the Eichberg facility in February 1939. Mennecke advocated “euthanasia” even before the war began, and is said to have told colleagues that he was “primarily a National Socialist and then a doctor.” When Mennecke was released from military service in early 1940, it was only superficially due to the intervention of IG Farben attributed: The Wiesbaden governor Traupel had advocated this and justified this with "state-political issues that concern genetic biology" . Mennecke was already aware in December 1939 that he was planned to be used in the homicide campaign.

In 1942 there was a falling out between Bernotat and Mennecke. From May 1942, Mennecke set up a "therapy station" on the Eichberg, in which - from the perspective of National Socialist psychiatry - patients "worth healing" were to be treated. Novel therapies such as insulin and electric shock treatments should also be used. In this context, he completed six weeks of advanced training in the summer of 1942 at the Heidelberg University Clinic with Carl Schneider. Mennecke was supported by leading psychiatrists from the Berlin T4 headquarters when setting up the “therapy station”: These psychiatrists were concerned about the existence of their specialty; They also noticed a loss of prestige for psychiatry after the murders of the sick had become widely known, despite the secrecy. They developed plans for a “future-oriented” psychiatry in which “healing” should find its place alongside “destruction”. Representatives of the administration like Bernotat were uncomprehending about such plans, for them the cost savings, also through the murders, were in the foreground. Accordingly, Bernotat refused to hire additional doctors for the "therapy ward" planned on the Eichberg. In this conflict, Mennecke sided with the T4 headquarters in Berlin in 1942, while in 1938 he was still extremely skeptical about the use of the new therapies. The disputes between Bernotat and Mennecke, which were increasingly given a personal touch, ended with Bernotat's relocation of Mennecke to the Wehrmacht, which he achieved in December 1942 - presumably through the involvement of Gauleiter Jakob Sprenger. Mennecke was also replaced as the local group leader of the NSDAP.

While in custody in 1946, Mennecke declared that he had already distanced himself from National Socialism before 1945:

"I am now driven to this confession by my inner conviction, which has existed since 1942, that all these methods of the National Socialist government were inhuman and cruel, completely uncritical and sinful, and also the knowledge that many hundreds and thousands of German people were in the waves together to have swum in an infamous heresy, in whose authenticity I once believed, but whose fatal inauthenticity and reprehensibility finally opened my eyes - three years before the collapse of this regime; and finally the urgent need to purify my conscience urges me to make this confession. "

Such a change of heart cannot be traced back to Mennecke's letters: when he was drafting an opinion on a court martial in Metz in January 1943 on a desertion case, he wrote to his wife: “Well, Mutti, but now your father has prepared an opinion again that he himself is happy about. The man will likely be sentenced to death! You can read it later. ” In autumn 1944, Mennecke was still in contact with the organizers of“ Aktion T4 ”and also used their“ Schoberstein ”rest home in Weißenbach am Attersee . Several times he was the director of institutions in which the murder of children was carried out in so-called “children's specialist stations” or which became known as the location of the murders of Aktion Brandt , the second phase of National Socialist euthanasia. However, these plans came to nothing in view of Mennecke's health problems and the increasingly chaotic situation at the end of the war.

Mennecke, whom a colleague described as an “open, happy person” , contributed to the elucidation of “Action T4” with his statements in the Eichberg trial and in the Nuremberg medical trial. The Frankfurt Regional Court made the following statements regarding Mennecke's motives:

“The entire trial and all statements made by the defendant M. show that he was not a man of great conviction. Unrestrained ambition and a limitless need for recognition have driven the accused. He strove for positions which, according to his abilities, did not suit him, and when he did he wanted to hold them under all circumstances. It flattered his vanity to belong to the circle of well-known men, whose recognition he was delighted in a youthful way. It satisfied his ambition that he was able to collaborate with well-known professors and representatives of powerful positions in such a decisive way. "

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mennecke's curriculum vitae, unless otherwise stated, in: Peter Chroust: Interior views , in particular introduction (pages 1–14) and personal sheet for SS leader personnel files (pages 1423–1434), also: Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 737.
  2. ^ Letter from IG Farbenindustrie AG to the President of the Nassau District Association of December 13, 1939, in: Peter Chroust: Innenansichten , page 74ff.
  3. ↑ Registration form in facsimile at the State Center for Political Education Baden-Württemberg (M16)
  4. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46) in: Adelheid L. Rüter-Ehlermann (edit.): Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German criminal convictions for Nazi homicide crimes 1945-1966. University Press Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1968. Page 144. For Mennecke, the judgment was no longer legally binding because he died before the appeal hearing.
  5. ^ Mennecke's statement in the Eichberg trial of December 2, 1946. in: Thomas Vormbaum (Ed.): "Euthanasia" in front of the court. The indictment of the public prosecutor at the Higher Regional Court Frankfurt / M. against Dr. Werner Heyde et al. Of May 22, 1962. (Heyde indictment) Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, 2005. ISBN 3-8305-1047-0 . Pages 170ff, 369 and 377. Here also information on further trips.
  6. ^ Mennecke's testimony on December 3, 1946, quoted in Heyde-Anklage , pp. 168f. See also: Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 409f.
  7. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Page 144.See also: Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 454.
  8. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Page 139.See also: Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 468.
  9. ↑ Mennecke's statement in the Nuremberg Medical Trial on January 17, 1941 in: Klaus Dörner (Hrsg.): Der Nürnberger Ärzteprozess 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-32028-0 , page 2/1887. The selections in the Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Buchenwald, Ravensbrück and Groß-Rosen concentration camps are also documented by letters from Mennecke to his wife.
  10. ↑ letter Mennecke to his wife of 25 November 1941. Peter Chroust: interior views , page 241ff.
  11. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Page 146.
  12. ↑ Hans Faulstich: Starvation in Psychiatry 1914-1949. With a topography of Nazi psychiatry. Lambertus-Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1998. ISBN 3-7841-0987-X . Page 561.
  13. ^ Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 551, also Hans Faulstich: Hungersterben , page 561.
  14. ↑ Maike Rotzoll, Gerrit Hohendorf: Between taboo and reform impulse. Dealing with the National Socialist past in the Heidelberg Psychiatric University Clinic after 1945. In: Sigrid Oehler-Klein (Ed.): Politics of the past in university medicine after 1945. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 2007. ISBN 978-3-515-09015- 5 . Page 308.
  15. ↑ “Planned economic work” is a term used in the perpetrators' camouflage language, which was used to justify the transfer of patients to the killing centers. For this: Peter Sandner: Verwaltung , page 380.
  16. ^ Mennecke's letter of November 2, 1946, quoted in Heyde-Anklage , page 167.
  17. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Page 135.
  18. ^ Minutes of the testimony: Klaus Dörner: Ärzteprozess , page 2 / 1869-2 / 1945.
  19. ^ Klaus Dörner: Doctors' trial , page 2/1870.
  20. ↑ Peter Chroust: Interior Views , page 8f.
  21. ↑ List of inmates, photographs and Mennecke's notes in the facsimile ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Nuremberg Document NO-3060) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nuremberg.law.harvard.edu
  22. ↑ The letter content: Peter Chroust: interior views , page 8 ff. and: Hans-Heinrich Otto, Michael Laier: Friedrich Mennecke. Psychoanalytic remarks on a career as a doctor under National Socialism. in: Christoph Meinel, Peter Voswinckel (ed.): Medicine, natural science, technology and National Socialism. Continuities and discontinuities. Publishing house for the history of natural sciences and technology, Stuttgart, 1994. ISBN 3-928186-24-8 . Page 192–200.
  23. ^ Stanislav Zámečník : (Ed. Comité International de Dachau ): That was Dachau. Luxembourg, 2002. pp. 216-217.
  24. ↑ Alice Platen-Hallermund: The killing of the mentally ill in Germany. 6th edition (reprint of the 1st edition from 1948), Mabuse-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2006. ISBN 3-935964-86-2 . The psychiatrist Alice Platen-Hallermund observed the Eichberg trial on behalf of the West German Medical Association.
  25. ^ Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 150, 277f. and 321ff.
  26. ^ Occupation Eichberg on January 1, 1939: Hans Faulstich: Hungersterben. Page 218.
  27. ↑ Peter Sander: Administration , passim.
  28. ^ Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 314 and 586.
  29. ^ Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 375ff.
  30. ^ Testimony of the predecessor Menneckes as director of the Eichberg, Wilhelm Hinsen, on December 10, 1946 in the Eichberg trial, quoted in: Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 321.
  31. ↑ Nassau district association to the Wiesbaden military district command (December 14, 1939): Application for security for the assistant doctor Dr. Mennecke In: Peter Chroust: Interior Views , page 77f. For Mennecke's uk position, see also Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 375ff.
  32. ↑ On the conflict between Mennecke and Bernotat see: Peter Sander: Verwaltung , page 545ff., 557ff. and 602f .; Peter Chroust: Interior views , page 6f. and: Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main regional court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justice and Nazi crimes. Page 147.
  33. ^ Mennecke's letter of November 2, 1946, quoted in Heyde-Anklage , page 167.
  34. ^ Letter from Mennecke to his wife of January 25, 1943. in: Peter Chroust: Innenansichten , page 464ff.
  35. ^ Statement by Dr. Weber in the Eichberg trial on December 9, 1946, quoted in: Ernst Klee: “Euthanasia” , page 348.
  36. ^ Judgment of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court of December 21, 1946 (4 Kls 15/46), in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen. Page 160.
personal data
SURNAME Mennecke, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mennecke, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, expert for the T4 euthanasia campaign
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Great Freden
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1947
Place of death Butzbach prison