Fritz Schaefler

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Fritz Schaefler (* 31 December 1888 in Eschau in Spessart , † 24. April 1954 in Cologne ) was a German painter and graphic artist of Expressionism .

Life and work

Fritz Schaefler was born on December 31, 1888 in Eschau , where he spent his youth up to the age of 10. After this he visited the 1899/1900 Sexta (1st class) of the high school (boarding school) in Aschaffenburg . After the family moved to Eggenfelden (Lower Bavaria), Fritz Schaefler completed the grammar school (boarding school) in Landshut by 1905 .

In 1905 he began studying architecture at the Technical University of Munich , from 1906 he attended the Royal School of Applied Arts and from 1908 the Royal Art Academy in Munich, and became a student of Angelo Jank ; after completing his studies, Schaefler set up his own studio in Munich-Schwabing ; he often drove to the Simssee near Rosenheim, where he painted and drew on site. His works from this period show influences from naturalism and late impressionism . In 1914 he wanted to open a small painting school for "rich" women on the Simssee, but that did not happen because he was drafted as a soldier on the western front .

He made stage sets for a field theater; In autumn 1916 he was seriously wounded in the head in the Battle of the Somme and in 1917 discharged from military service. During the First World War an extensive war diary with drawings and watercolors was created. 1915–1917 Schaefler's works were exhibited in the Munich and Berlin Secession and in the Thannhauser Gallery in Munich.

In 1918 he married Vera Linzen (daughter of the writer Clara Ratzka ) and rented an apartment with a studio in Elisabethstrasse in Munich- Schwabing . In the same year his son Hannsotto was born. Artistically a change of style now took place; From 1917 onwards, he created expressive woodcuts and etchings , which he exhibited in Hans Goltz's gallery in Munich . Schaefler was now part of the Munich avant-garde . Due to the impression of the war, he took part in the Munich Revolution in 1918/19 , became a member and secretary of the “Action Committee for Revolutionary Artists” and editor for the fine arts of the cultural revolutionary magazine “Der Weg”.

Schaefler makes friends with numerous committed artists, including a. with Georg Schrimpf , Paul Klee , Heinrich Maria Davringhausen and Erich Heckel . Further contacts were made with Lyonel Feininger , Heinrich Campendonk , Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Conrad Felixmüller . Until 1921 Schaefler designed for various theaters in Munich, u. a. National theater , stage sets and costumes, including Shakespeare and Georg Kaiser .

After the Soviet Republic was smashed, he fled to Alfred Kubin in Wernstein in 1919 ; In 1920 Schaefler settled in Ernsdorf near Prien am Chiemsee in his mother-in-law's holiday home, later directly on the lakeshore in Prien. A large number of landscape and figure paintings were created using the watercolor and egg tempera techniques , which are shown in many exhibitions throughout Germany.

In 1923 he traveled to Italy with the art historian Kurt Gerstenberg ; Kurt Gerstenberg repeatedly brokered Schaefler's works to art collectors. The Rhenish industrialist Joseph Heymann begins to build up a Schaefler collection and became an important patron ; Schaefler was close friends with Gerstenberg until the end of his life.

In 1927 Schaefler moved with his family to Cologne and received public, church and private commissions from architects and collectors; close contacts and friendships arose with the Cologne artists Heinrich Hoerle and Franz Wilhelm Seiwert as well as with the architects Hans Hansen and Ernst Hopmann; Schaefler took over the apartment in Cologne-Bickendorf from his friend HM Davringhausen , including the roof-top studio above, which was planned by Wilhelm Riphahn , who was also one of Schaefler's friends. In 1929/30 he created color design works for hospitals and the International Hygiene Exhibition Dresden 1930 . In the 1930s he realized over a hundred stained glass windows , altarpieces and sgraffiti .

In the period from 1919 to 1936 there were regular exhibitions in important galleries such as Thannhauser and Goltz in Munich as well as Commeter in Hamburg and Neumann in Berlin, furthermore in the Munich and Berlin Secession , also in museums (including Hanover, Hamburg, Dessau, Munich, Cologne) and art associations.

In 1937 Joseph Heymann and his family had to emigrate from Cologne to England . As an expressionist artist, Schaefler himself experienced the confiscation and removal of his works from German museums. In 1937 his works were shown in the exhibition “ Degenerate Art ” in Munich. Vera Schaefler, seriously ill with MS , committed suicide in 1938 under the impression of the approaching euthanasia . Schaefler married a second time (Elisabeth Höffken) in 1943 and spent the last months of the war during the bombing raids on Cologne in the Bergisches Land . After the end of the war he returned to Cologne and received a few orders for ecclesiastical and secular buildings .

Fritz Schaefler died on April 24, 1954 in Cologne; He found his final resting place in the cemetery next to the Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus in Bensberg, a district of Bergisch Gladbach . Even after his death, his works are presented in numerous exhibitions or collections at home and abroad (including the LACMA , Los Angeles, the Galerie St. Etienne, New York, and the Center Georges Pompidou , Paris).

Fritz Schaefler was a member of the German Association of Artists .

Remembrance and remembrance

The place of birth Eschau honors him with special care for the artistic and creative skills of the children and students. The artist's grandson, Christoph Schaefler, then donated the Fritz Schaefler Prize (voucher for a special art course) in 2006 , which the district has been awarding annually to the youngest artists in the district since then . The donor gives the first four winners an etching or woodcut by the artist.

A plaque on the house where he was born in Eschau commemorates Fritz Schaefler.

Solo exhibitions and participation in exhibitions

  • 1911 Landshut, Oskar Dallmer'sche Kunsthandlung
  • 1911 Rosenheim, Kunstverein, watercolors
  • 1915 Munich, Kunstverein, within the 'Neue Sezession', graphics
  • 1916 Munich, Modern Gallery Heinrich Thannhauser , »War Exhibition«; Berlin Secession, 3 drawings
  • 1917 Berlin Secession
  • 1918 Mannheim, Kunsthalle; Munich, Galerie Hans Goltz, 'the expressionistic woodcut'; Munich, Art Salon Joel, with Walter Gramatte
  • 1919 Munich, Galerie Hans Goltz, collective exhibition; Frankfurt am Main, Zingler's Cabinet, (with P. Klee and Th. C. Pilartz); Munich, Modern Gallery Heinrich Thannhauser, opening exhibition with 'graphic show' by numerous artists
  • 1920 Hamburg, art salon Maria Kunde
  • 1922 Berlin, Galerie Goldschmidt and Mallerstein, watercolors
  • 1923 Dessau
  • 1927 Halle, art association
  • 1929 Cologne, exhibition of the painting department of the Catholic Journeyman's Association
  • 1930 Dresden, International Hygiene Exhibition , color design of the model hospital
  • 1931 Cologne, Kunstverein, Cologne artist
  • 1932 Cologne, competition exhibition of the Kölner Künstlerhilfe
  • 1934 Cologne, Ars Sacra, Society of Friends of Catholic Art; Cologne, Museum of Arts and Crafts, competition exhibition 'Mother and Child'
  • 1935 Cologne, Gau art exhibition in the Cologne Art Association
  • 1936 Cologne, Ars Catholica, drafts for church windows; Cologne, Kölnischer Kunstverein, designs for stained glass windows; Hall, Neubert Gallery, drafts of glass windows
  • 1938 Munich, 'Degenerate Art' in the Munich Archaeological Institute
  • 1951 Cologne, State Building School
  • 1955 Barmen, art gallery , lead glazing, sculptures, oil paintings
  • 1972 Munich, Neue Münchner Galerie, 'Fritz Schaefler, An Unknown Expressionist'; Syke, Vehring Gallery
  • 1973 Bremen, Gallery Ohse
  • 1978 Paris, 'Berlin-Paris', Center Georges Pompidou
  • 1976 Munich, Theater Museum, 'Stage Sets of the 20th Century'; Syke, 10 years at Galerie Vehring
  • 1979 Munich, City Museum, 'The Twenties in Munich'
  • 1980 Munich, Theater Museum, 'Expressionist Theater'
  • 1983 Aachen, Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum
  • 1983 Bremen, Galerie Ohse, watercolors
  • 1984 Munich, Galerie Hierling, watercolors and prints
  • 1989–1995 Kerken-Stenden, 'Der Expressionist Fritz Schaefler', permanent exhibition with 90 works
  • 1991 Regensburg, Städt. Gallery 'Empty Bag', exhibition participation 'Expressionism in Regensburg'
  • 1991 Düsseldorf, Eller cultural station, complete works
  • 1991 Paderborn, Städt. Galerie Am Abdingshof, retrospective
  • 1993 Munich, Lenbachhaus, 'Süddeutsche Freiheit. Art of the Revolution in Munich 1919 '
  • 1991 Aachen, Diözesantag, 'Becoming one's own person', pictures of children and families v. F. Schaefler
  • 1994 Düsseldorf, Galerie Remmert and Barth, participation in an exhibition at 'Von Nolde bis Dix'
  • 1994–1995 Ludwigshafen, Wilhelm Hack-Museum, 'The New Reality', Fritz Schaefler with L. Feininger and P. Klee as representatives of Expressionism
  • 1995 Munich, City Museum, 'Oskar Maria Graf Exhibition' with portraits by Fritz Schaefler
  • 1995 Hürth (near Cologne), Löhrer Hof, paintings, watercolors, prints
  • 1996 Berlin, Akademie der Künste, 'Oskar Maria Graf, Odyssey of a loner' with portraits by Fritz Schaefler
  • 1996 Solingen, German Blade Museum 'Fritz Schaefler (1888–1954) In the Tension Field of Expressionism' (catalog with catalog raisonné)
  • 1997 Solingen, Museum Baden, permanent loan of 17 works for permanent presentation
  • 1997 Cologne, Studio Dumont (Hedwig Neven Dumont), small retrospective
  • 1997 Solingen, German Blade Museum, permanent loan of 5 paintings for permanent presentation
  • 1999 Düsseldorf, Galerie Remmert and Barth, 'Fritz Schaefler - watercolors, drawings, prints'
  • 2001 New York, Galerie St. Etienne 'The "Black-and-White" -Show'
  • 2002 Aachen, Galerie Am Elisengarten
  • 2002 New York, Galerie St. Etienne 'Recent Acquisitions'
  • 2006 Obernburg, Kochsmühle (organizer Landratsamt Miltenberg), retrospective 'Fritz Schaefler - Der Expressionist aus dem Spessart'
  • 2009 Worms, Kunstverein Worms , 'Fritz Schaefler - Artist Between Two Wars'
  • 2012/2013 Aachen, Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, 'Ostracized - Expelled - Returned'
  • 2013 London, German Embassy, ​​'Outlawed, Displaced and Reinstated works of Fritz Schaefler and the Heymann Collection, London'
  • 2015 Düsseldorf, Galerie Weick, 'Paintings - Watercolors - Sculpture'

literature

Articles and reviews

  • Justin Hoffmann (curator): The expressionist Fritz Schaefler . (PDF; 557 kB) clara-ratzka.de, undated, with pictures (black / w); accessed in March 2011
  • Modern gallery Heinrich Thannhauser , 1916, drawn with "E"
  • Ludwig Coellen: The etchings of Fritz Schaefler . In: Das Kunstblatt , Volume 2, Issue 12, pp. 378–381, Potsdam / Berlin 1918
  • Die Schaffenden , 1, 3rd portfolio 1918; 2, 2nd folder 1919
  • Art Chronicle , New Series 30, 1918/19, p. 449; 1927/28 pp. 101 ff, Munich
  • E. Trautner. In: Der Weg , Heft 2, S. 8, Darmstadt 1919
  • Hallische Nachrichten , 19./20. February 1920
  • Kurt Gerstenberg. In: Der Cicerone , 12th year 1920, p. 259/59 and p. 859, 1920 Leipzig
  • Kurt Gerstenberg: Fritz Schaefler in the Hallischer Kunstverein . In: Das Kunstblatt , vol. 4, pp. 127/28, Potsdam / Berlin 1920
  • Kurt Gerstenberg: Fritz Schaefler . In: Das Kunstblatt , Vol. 5, Issue 9, pp. 257–263 with 6 illustrations, Potsdam / Berlin 1921
  • Paul Westheim. In: Das Kunstblatt , vol. 6, issue 11, p. 500, Potsdam / Berlin 1922
  • Karl Woermann : The art of the latest time . Leipzig 1923, p. 144
  • W. Crodel, Fritz Schaefler: Colors in the hospital . In: Journal for the entire hospital system , Vol. 25, Issue 17, pp. 466–500, Berlin 1929, special edition
  • Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub : The graphics of expressionism in Germany . Stuttgart 1947, p. 39
  • Kurt Gerstenberg: Fritz Schaefler . In: The artwork , Volume 9, Issue 4, p. 51 with 2 illustrations, p. 41, Baden-Baden 1955/56
  • Franz Roh: "Degenerate Art" - art barbarism in the Third Reich . Hanover 1962, pp. 199, 212, 223, 241
  • Doris Schmidt: Between the bridge and the Blue Rider . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , July 26, 1972
  • Lothar Lang: Expressionist book illustration in Germany 1907–1927 . Leipzig 1975, pp. 81/82 and 229
  • Dirk Rose (Ed.): The art to the masses, spread of art 1919-1933 . Berlin 1977, pp. 14/15
  • Dirk Halfbrodt, Wolfgang Kerr (Hrsg.): Munich 1919, fine arts / photography of the revolution and council times . Munich 1979, pp. 55-58, 65
  • "Dostoevsky is my friend". Graphics, paintings and book illustrations on Dostoyevsky in German art between 1900 and 1950 , ed. from the Lindenau Museum Altenburg 1999
  • Christiane Schmidt: Of torments and mockery - works by the expressionist Fritz Schaefler in the graphic collection of the Clemens-Sels-Museum Neuss . In: Novaesium (Neuss Yearbook for Art, Culture and History), 2005, pp. 123–136
  • Brigitte Schad: Fritz Schaefler - The Expressionist from the Spessart . Opening speech on October 6, 2006 for the retrospective of the Miltenberg district in the Kochsmühle (Obernburg)

Catalogs

  • E. Trautner, Fritz Schaefler, exhibition catalog Zinglers Kabinett, Frankfurt 1919, pp. 15–17, cat. No. 36–49
  • Die Neue Bücherschau, publishing directory Karl Lang, 2nd and 3rd issue Munich 1919
  • 150 years of the Bavarian National Theater, Munich 1928, ill. P. 121
  • International Hygiene Exhibition, pp. 183–184, Dresden 1930 catalog
  • From Menzel to Picasso, series of publications by the Staatliche Galerie Moritzburg, Halle, issue 12, 1957
  • Christian Schaffernicht, Fritz Schaefler, an unknown expressionist between the Soviet Republic and modernism, Neue Münchner Galerie, Munich 1972
  • Fritz Schaefler 1888–1954, Galerie Rolf Ohse, Bremen 1974 From Dadamax to the Green Belt, Cologne in the Twenties, p. 166, Cologne 1975,
  • Stage sets of the 20th century from the holdings of the Theatermuseum Munich 1976, cat. No. 113 and 114 10 years Galerie Vehring, Syke 1976, no page ill. 'Landsteg', 1921 'Berlin-Paris', Center Georges Pompidou, catalog 'Berlin-Paris', p. 470, No. 92, Paris 1978
  • The 1920s in Munich, Munich City Museum 1979
  • Expressionist Theater, From Empire to Republic, Deutsches Theatermuseum, Munich 1980
  • The trip to Tunis , Klee - Macke - Moillet, Münster / Bonn 1983
  • Gerhart Söhn: Handbook of the original graphics in German magazines, portfolios, art books and catalogs 1890-1933, 1989 ff
  • Dr. Vera Thiel (Ed.): 'Fritz Schaefler 1888–1954. In the field of tension of expressionism. Painting and graphics, Solingen 1996 (with preliminary catalog raisonné)
  • Fritz Schaefler. Watercolors, drawings, prints 1918–1928, Galerie Remmert and Barth, Düsseldorf 1999
  • Dr. Christiane Schmidt, Fritz Schaefler - work in the graphic collection of the Kunsthistorisches Institut, Cologne 2000 (unpublished master's thesis)
  • Dr. Brigitte Schad, 'Fritz Schaefler - the Expressionist from the Spessart'. Flyer for the retrospective of the Miltenberg district in the Kochsmühle, Obernburg 2006
  • Dr. Dietmar Schuth, 'Fritz Schaefler - Artist Between Two Wars', publisher Kunstverein Worms, Worms 2009
  • Christoph Schaefler, 'Fritz Schaefler - Rediscovery of Lost Works, Heymann Collection, London' Cologne 2010
  • Christoph Schaefler, 'Wartime in the Bergische Idylle - Carnival in the ruins of Cologne', Engelskirchen "2011
  • Dr. Adam C. Oellers, 'Ostracized Displaced Returned, Outlawed displaced and reinstated' (Hardcover), Aachen 2012, ISBN 978-3-86568-839-2

Magazines in which graphics by F. Schaefler appeared

  • Der Weg, Issue 1-7, Munich, later Darmstadt 1919 A. Karl Lang-Verlag
  • Die Schaffenden, Ed. Paul Westheim, Verlag Gustav Kiepenheuer, Berlin-Potsdam, 1919, folder 2 and 3
  • The Primer, 1st folder, Verlag A. Karl Lang, Munich-Pasing 1918
  • Süddeutsche Freiheit, newspaper for the new Germany, 1st year, Munich 1919, no.17 and 18 (title page)
  • Hans Jacob Haringer, House of Forgetting, 'The newest poem' 24/25, Dresden 1919, cover
  • 'Neue Graphik', book advertisement of the publishing house LS (Leo Scherpenbach), title vignette 1919, Munich Frauenland, ed. from the catholic
  • Frauenbund, Issue 5 Cologne 1933

Web links

Commons : Fritz Schaefler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Justin Hoffmann (?): The Expressionist Fritz Schaefler * 1888 + 1954 . S. 6 ( clara-ratzka.de [PDF]).
  2. ↑ The way
  3. ↑ a b Joseph Heymann - Fritz Schaefler - 1937 - 2012 . In: Frank Berger, Erich Kahl (ed.): Wipperfürther Vierteljahresblätter . No. 125 , July 2012, p. 2–5 ( hgv-wipp.de [PDF]).
  4. ↑ Schaefler Collection (PDF)
  5. ^ Fritz Schaefler | LACMA Collections. Retrieved April 18, 2020 .
  6. ^ Galerie St. Etienne - Galerie St. Etienne, New York - Past Exhibitions - 1980 to Present. Retrieved April 18, 2020 .
  7. ^ Deutscher Künstlerbund eV - Archive. In: kuenstlerbund.de. Retrieved April 18, 2020 .
  8. ↑ press release. (PDF; 158 kB) on Hp Chr.Schaefler
personal data
SURNAME Schaefler, Fritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and graphic artist of Expressionism
DATE OF BIRTH December 31, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Eschau , Spessart
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1954
Place of death Cologne