Yellow stars

Yellow stars
	Forest yellow star ( Gagea lutea )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Lily-like (Liliales)
Family :	Lily family (Liliaceae)
Subfamily :	Lilioideae
Genre :	Yellow stars
Scientific name
	Gagea
	Salisb.

The plant genus of yellow stars ( Gagea ), also gold stars , belongs to the family of the lily family (Liliaceae). The approximately 200 species are distributed in Europe (around 23 species), Asia , North Africa and North America (only one species). Centers of biodiversity are Central Asia and the Mediterranean area .

description

Subterranean plant parts of the field yellow star ( Gagea villosa )

Illustration of
forest yellow stars ( Gagea lutea , left) and
small yellow stars ( Gagea minima , right)

Floral diagram

Illustration of the late wrinkled lily ( Gagea serotina ) from Atlas of the Alpine Flora , 1882

Illustration of the tubular yellow star ( Gagea fragifera )

Appearance and leaves

Yellow star species are small or rather small, perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg-shaped to spherical bulbs as persistence organs. The stem is usually simple.

The simple leaves are linear to lanceolate, flat, tubular or runny, drawn together like a hood at the tip, glabrous or more or less ciliated at the edge. One or two, rarely three leaves are basal, two (less often three) leaves are below the inflorescence .

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescence is usually clustered umbel-like or umbrella- shaped , racemose and few-flowered, less often it is reduced to one flower. There are foliage-like and often woolly hairy bracts and a wrapper .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. There are two circles with a total of six or, in exceptional cases, more or fewer tepals ; they are free, protruding, three- to five-nerved and durable. They are usually golden yellow to yellow-green in color, rarely they have any other color, they shine on the inside and are pale yellow on the outside. There is a green stripe on the back of the tepals, which is rarely whitish or pink. There is a honey pit at the bottom. The six stamens are either the same length or there are three shorter and three longer - sometimes longer, sometimes shorter than the stylus. The stamens are thin to flattened. The anthers are upright and attached to the base (basifix). Three carpels are fused together to form an upper, three- chamber ovary. The usually very long style ends in a cephalic to three-lobed stigma.

Fruits and seeds

The triangular, loculicidal, thin-walled capsule fruit is enveloped by the durable, enlarged bloom and bracts and contains many seeds. The spherical, cylindrical to slightly compressed seeds are mostly brown and often have longitudinal and horizontal stripes and sometimes appendages.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = 12. Different ploidy levels have been determined for some species .

Gagea altaica

Bohemian yellow star ( Gagea bohemica )

Gagea chlorantha

Gagea commutata

Gagea foliosa

Tubular yellow star ( Gagea fragifera )

Gagea granatelli

Gagea hiensis

Gagea lusitanica

Small yellow star ( Gagea minima )

Gagea nevadensis

Meadow Yellow Star ( Gagea pratensis )

Dwarf yellow star ( Gagea pusilla )

Late American lily ( Gagea serotina )

Sheath yellow star ( Gagea spathacea )

Gagea triflora

Field yellow star ( Gagea villosa )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Gagea was established in 1806 by Richard Anthony Salisbury . The generic name Gagea honors the English botanist Sir Thomas Gage (* 1781; † 1820). Synonyms for Gagea Salisb. are: Plecostigma Turczaninow in Trautvetter , Szechenyia Kanitz , Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb.

The genus Gagea belongs to the tribe Tulipeae in the subfamily of Lilioideae within the family of Liliaceae . Within the tribe Tulipeae, the extent of the genera Gagea and Lloydia was controversial. For this taxon to be monophyletic , according to Zarrei et al. 2009 the genus Gagea contained the previous Lloydia species.

The genus Gagea is distributed in Europe (about 23 species), Asia , North Africa and North America (only one species). Centers of biodiversity are Central Asia and the Mediterranean area .

Depending on the author, there are about 110 to 204 types of Gagea :

Gagea × absurda Levichev (= Gagea chomutovae × Gagea subtilis ): It occurs in Central Asia .
Gagea afghanica A. Terracc. (Syn .: Gagea obvoluta Pavlov ): It is common in northeastern Iran and Central Asia.
Gagea aipetriensis Levichev : This endemic occurs only in the Crimea .
Gagea alashanica Y.Z.Zhao & LQZhao : It wasfirst describedin 2003 from Inner Mongolia .
Gagea albertii rule : It is distributed from Central Asia to the northern part of the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang .
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz. : It occurs from northeastern Turkey to northern and western Iran.
Gagea alexejana Kamelin ex Levichev : She wasfirst describedin 2001 from Tajikistan .
Gagea alexii Ali & Levichev : It was first described in 2007 and occurs in southeastern Iran and from eastern Tajikistan to northern Pakistan .
Gagea algeriensis (Chabert) Chabert ex Batt. (Syn .: Gagea liotardii var. Algeriensis Chabert , Gagea cossoniana Pascher , Gagea foliosa subsp. Cossoniana (Pascher) A.Terracc. , Gagea wilczekii Braun-Blanq. & Maire , Gagea dutoitii Maire & Wilczek , Gagea algeriensis var. Dutoitii (Maire & Wilczek) Maire , Gagea subtrigona J.-M.Tison ): It is used in Spain , Algeria and Morocco before.
Gagea alii Levichev : It was first described from Pakistan in 2006.
Gagea almaatensis Levichev, A.Peterson & J.Peterson : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Kazakhstan.
Gagea altaica Schischk. & Sumnev. : It occurs from Siberia to the northern part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Hero. (Syn .: Gagea heldreichii (A.Terracc.) Lojac. , Gagea montana (Pascher) Pascher ex Uphof ): It occurs from southeastern Europe to northern Turkey.
Gagea ancestralis Levichev : It only occurs in the Altai .
Gagea angelae Levichev & Schnittler : She was first described in 2011 from the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang.
Gagea angrenica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea anisopoda Popov : It only occurs in a small area in Turkmenistan .
Gagea antakiensis Kayikçi, Ocak & Teksen : It was first described in 2014 from southern Turkey.
Gagea apulica Peruzzi & J.-M.Tison : It was first described in 2012 and occurs in Italy and Sardinia .
Gagea artemczukii Krasnova : It occurs from the Ukraine to the northwestern Caucasus region.
Gagea azutavica Kotukhov : It occurs only in the southern Altai.
Gagea baluchistanica Levichev & Ali : It was first described from Pakistan in 2006.
Gagea baschkyzylsaica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea bashoensis Ali : The species first described in 2006 occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas .
Gagea bergii Litv. : It occurs from central and eastern Iran to Central Asia.
Gagea bezengiensis Levichev : The species first described in 2005 occurs in the north-central Caucasus region.
Gagea bithynica Pascher : It occurs only in western Turkey.
Rock Yellow Star, Bohemian Yellow Star ( Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schult. & Schult. F. , Syn .: Gagea pygmaea Salisb. Nom. Superfl., Gagea fistulosa (Ramond ex DC.) Ker Gawl. Nom. Illeg., gagea szovitsii subsp. bohemica (Zauschn.) A.Terracc. nom. Superfl., gagea pygmaea (Willd.) Schult. & Schult. f. nom. illeg., gagea saxatilis (Mert. & WDJKoch) Schult. & Schult. f . , Gagea szovitsii . f. (long) Better ex Schult. & Schult , Gagea billardieri Kunth , Gagea busambarensis (Tineo) Parl. , Gagea zauschneri (Pohl) Pascher, Lotus , Gagea aleppoana Pascher , Gagea Callieri Pascher , Gagea lanosa Pascher , gagea smyrnaea O.Schwarz , gagea velenovskyana Pascher , gagea nebrodensis (death. ex cast.) Nyman , gagea andegavensis F.W.Schultz , gagea hypanica Sobko , gagea corsica Jord. & Fourr. nom. illeg., gagea foliosa var. busambarensis (Tineo) Nyman , Gagea foliosa subsp. Pygmaea (Willd.) Nyman , Gagea szovitsii var. Alepicca A. Terracc . , Gagea szovitsii var. Intermedia A. Terracc . , Gagea szovitsii var. callieri (Pascher) Miscz. , Gagea minaae Lojac. , Gagea bohemica var. Andegavensis (FWSchultz) Nyman , Gagea bohemica var. Szovitsii (O.Lang) Nyman , Gagea bohemica var. Corsica (Nyman) Rouy , Gagea bohemica var. Gallica Rouy nom. superfl., Gagea bohemica subsp. saxatilis (Mert. & WDJKoch) Asch. & Graebn. , Gagea bohemica var. Busambarensis (Tineo) Fiori , Gagea bohemica subsp. aleppoana (Pascher) straw , Gagea bohemica var. velenovskyana (Pascher) straw , Gagea bohemica subsp. zauschneri (Pohl) straw ): It is first widespread from Western and Central Europe to the Mediterranean area ( Western Asia and North Africa ).
Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher : It occurs in western Iran.
Gagea bowes-lyonii Levichev : This species, first described in 2006, occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea bulbifera (Pall.) Salisb. : It occurs from eastern Romania to China.
Gagea caelestis Levichev : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan.
Gagea calantha Levichev : It occurs in Uzbekistan.
Gagea calcicola Zarrei & Wilkin : It was first described in 2010 from western Iran.
Gagea calyptrifolia Levichev : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan.
Gagea capillifolia Vved. : It occurs from Iran to Central Asia.
Gagea capusii A. Terracc. : It occurs from Central Asia to Afghanistan.
Gagea caroli-kochii Grossh. : It occurs from southern Transcaucasia to northwestern Iran.
Gagea chabertii A. Terracc . : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.
Gagea chanae Grossh. : It occurs in two varieties from northeastern Turkey to northwestern Iran.
Gagea charadzeae Davlian. : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
Gagea chinensis Y.Z.Zhao & LQZhao : It was first described in 2004 from Inner Mongolia.
Gagea chitralensis S.Dasgupta & DBDeb : It occurs from Central Asia to northern Pakistan.
Gagea chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & School f. (Syn .: Gagea gray-wilsonii Rech.f. ): It occurs from West Asia to southern Turkmenistan.
Gagea chloroneura Rech.f. : It occurs in northeastern Afghanistan.
Gagea chomutovae (Pascher) Pascher : It occurs from Turkey to Central Asia and Afghanistan.
Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schult. & School f. (Syn .: Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. ): It occurs in Italy and Sicily.
Gagea circumplexa Vved. : It occurs from West Asia to southern Turkmenistan.
Gagea commutata K. Koch : It occurs from Turkey to northwestern Iran.
Gagea confusa A. Terracc. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to Iran.
Gagea cuneata Levichev & Murtaz. : It occurs in the northern Caucasus region.
Gagea czatkalica Levichev : It occurs in Uzbekistan.
Gagea daghestanica Levichev & Murtaz. : The species first described in 2005 occurs in the northeastern Caucasus.
Gagea daqingshanensis L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang : It was first described in 2006 from Inner Mongolia.
Gagea davlianidzeae Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd : It occurs from Lebanon to northern Saudi Arabia.
Gagea delicatula Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea deserticola Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2001 from Uzbekistan .
Gagea divaricata rule : It occurs from Central Asia to western Xinjiang.
Gagea drummondii Levichev & Ali : The species first described in 2006 occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
Gagea dschungarica rule : It occurs from Iran to northwestern China.
Gagea dubia A. Terracc. : It occurs from the Mediterranean area to northwestern Iran.
Gagea durieui Parl. Ex Batt. & Trot. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Spain and the Balearic Islands.
Gagea eleonorae Levichev : The species first described in 2005 occurs from northeastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
Gagea exilis Vved. : It occurs from eastern Iran to Central Asia.
Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher : It occurs from Siberia to Xinjiang.
Gagea ferganica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & School f. : It occurs in North Africa from Morocco to Libya .
Gagea filiformis (Ledeb.) Kunth : It occurs from Afghanistan to Mongolia.
Gagea flavonutans (H.Hara) Zarrei & Wilkin : Its distribution area extends from central nepal to Assam .
Gagea foliosa (C. Presl) Schult. & School f. : It occurs in the Mediterranean area from southern France to southeastern Italy and further to Lebanon .
Tubular yellow star ( Gagea fragifera (Vill.) E. Bayer & G.López , Syn: Gagea fistulosa auct., Gagea liotardii (Sternb.) Schult. & Schult.f. ). Its distribution area extends from the southern and central European mountains to northwest China.
Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved. : It occurs from Transcaucasia to West and Central Asia.
Gagea germainae Grossh. : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
Gagea glacialis K. Koch : It occurs from Turkey to the Caucasus region.
Gagea glaucescens Levichev : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan.
Gagea goekyigitii Eker & Teksen : The species first described in 2017 occurs in Turkey.
Gagea goljakovii Levichev : This species, first described in 2001, occurs in Central Asia in the Altai .
Gagea gracillima Pamp. : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
Greek Folded Lily ( Gagea graeca (L.) Irmsch. Syn .: Lloydia graeca (L.) Endl. Ex Kunth ): It occurs in southern Greece and on the Aegean islands as well as in western Anatolia , Cyprus and Israel.
Gagea graminifolia Vved. : It occurs from northeastern Iran to Central Asia.
Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl .: It occurs in the central and eastern Mediterranean region and in the Crimea and further to Afghanistan .
Gagea granulosa Turcz. : It occurs from Eastern Europe to northwestern China.
Gagea gymnopoda Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea gypsacea Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea × haeckelii Dufft et M. Schulze (= Gagea fragifera × Gagea minima ): It occurs in Europe.
Gagea Helenae Grossh. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
Gagea hiensis Pascher : It occurs from Siberia to Korea.
Gagea hissarica Lipsky : It occurs from Central Asia to Afghanistan.
Gagea humicola Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea huochengensis Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang .
Gagea ignota Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea incrustata Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea intercedens Pascher : It occurs in northern Iran.
Gagea iranica Zarrei & Zarre : It was first described in 2005 from northern and eastern Iran.
Gagea jaeschkei Pascher : It occurs from Afghanistan to China.
Gagea japonica Pascher : It occurs in northern and central Japan.
Gagea jensii Levichev & Schnittler : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang .
Gagea jispensis Ali & Levichev : It was first described in 2007 from the western Himalayas.
Gagea joannis Grossh. : It occurs from northeastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
Gagea juliae Pascher : It occurs in Cyprus and in southern Turkey.
Gagea kamelinii Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea kneissea J.Thiébaut : It occurs in Syria.
Gagea kopetdagensis Vved. : It occurs in Turkmenistan.
Gagea kunawurensis (Royle) Greuter , Syn.Gagea ova Stapf , Gagea stipitata Merckl. ex bunge . Their distribution area extends from the southern Transcaucasus to the western Himalayas and Central Asia.
Gagea kuraiensis Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2001 from the Altai .
Gagea kuraminica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea lacaitae A. Terracc. : It occurs in the western Mediterranean area.
Gagea leosii Ali & Levichev : It was first described in 2007 from the western Himalayas.
Gagea libanotica (Hochst.) Greuter : It occurs from Syria to Israel.
Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi : It was first described in 2008 and occurs in Sardinia , Sicily and northwestern Turkey.
Gagea longiscapa Grossh. : It occurs from Siberia to Russia's Far East.
Gagea × luberonensis J.-M.Tison (= Gagea bohemica × Gagea dubia ): It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
Gagea ludmilae Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea lusitanica A. Terracc. (Syn .: Gagea elliptica (A.Terracc.) Prain , Gagea extremadurensis M.Gut. & FMVázquez ): It occurs in Portugal, Spain and northern Morocco.
Forest yellow star ( Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ): It occurs from Europe to Kamchatka and Japan .
Gagea luteoides Stapf : It occurs from Turkey to Transcaucasia and Lebanon.
Gagea maeotica Artemczuk : It occurs from the Ukraine to the northern Caucasus.
- Märkischer yellow star ( Gagea marchica Henker, Kiesewetter, U.Raabe & Rätzel ): This endemic occurs only in Brandenburg .
Gagea mauritanica Durieu : It occurs in Algeria, France, the Balearic Islands, Sicily and Italy.
Gagea menitskyi Levichev : It was first described in 2005 from the area between Transcaucasia and northwestern Iran.
Gagea mergalahensis Ali & Levichev : The species first described in 2007 occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
Gagea Michaelis Golosk. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea micrantha (Boiss.) Pascher : It occurs from Lebanon to southwest Syria.
Small yellow star ( Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. ): It occurs in Europe, in the Caucasus and in Western Siberia.
Gagea minutiflora rule : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea minutissima Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea moniliformis J.-M. Tison : It was first described from Morocco in 2012.
Gagea multipedunculifera Levichev : It was first described in 2001 and occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea nabievii Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea nakaiana Kitag. : It occurs from Pakistan to Siberia and Japan.
Gagea neopopovii Golosk. : It occurs in Kazakhstan and northwestern China.
Gagea nevadensis Boiss. : Her home is the mountains of southern Spain and Morocco.
Gagea noltiei Peruzzi, J.-M.Tison, A.Peterson & J.Peterson : Their distribution ranges from Nepal to Bhutan . It was first described in 2008.
Gagea novoascanica Klokov : It occurs in Ukraine.
Gagea olgae rule : It occurs from Iran to Xinjiang.
Gagea omalensis J.-M.Tison : It was first described from Greece 2012th
Gagea paedophila Vved. : It occurs from Central Asia to Afghanistan.
Gagea pakistanica Levichev & Ali : The species first described in 2006 occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
Gagea × pampaninii A. Terracc . (= Gagea fibrosa × Gagea reticulata ): It occurs in northern Libya.
Gagea paniculata Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea pauciflora (Turcz. Ex Trautv.) Turcz. ex Ledeb. : It occurs from Siberia to China.
Gagea pedata Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea peduncularis (C. Presl) Pascher : It occurs from southern Italy to the eastern Mediterranean region.
Gagea peruzzii J.-M.Tison : It was first described from Italy 2012th
Gagea podolica Schult. & Schult. f. : It occurs from Ukraine to the Caucasus.
Gagea × polidorii J.-M.Tison (Syn .: Gagea × microfistulosa Levichev ) = gagea fragifera × Gagea villosa : It occurs in Europe.
Gagea polymorpha Boiss. : It occurs in southern Spain.
Gagea popovii Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea praemixta Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Meadow yellow star ( Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. ): It occurs in Europe and Turkey. The following small clans described from Germany are closely related: Gagea marchica and:
- Pomeranian yellow star ( Gagea pomeranica R.Ruthe , Syn .: Gagea megapolitana Henker ): It is only known from Germany and occurs in Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
Gagea pseudominutiflora Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea pseudopeduncularis J.-M. Tison : It was first described from Greece in 2012.
Gagea punjabica Levichev & Ali : The species first described in 2006 occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
Dwarf yellow star ( Gagea pusilla (FWSchmidt) Sweet ): It is common in Eurasia (Caucasus, Central Asia, Sinkiang).
Gagea quasitenuifolia Levichev : The species first described in 2005 occurs between the Caucasus and northern Afghanistan.
Gagea quettica Levichev & Ali : The species first described in 2006 occurs in western Pakistan.
Gagea ramulosa A. Terracc. : It occurs from the eastern Mediterranean region to southern European Russia and Afghanistan.
Gagea rawalpindica Levichev & Ali : It was first described in 2006 from Pakistan.
Gagea reinhardii Levichev : It was first described in 2001 from Central Asia.
Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult. f. : It occurs from south-east Europe to the western Himalayas as well as in North Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula.
Gagea reverchonii sword : It occurs in Spain and France.
Gagea rigida Boiss. & Spruner (Syn. Gagea fibrosa auct. Fl. Europ.): It occurs in the eastern Mediterranean and in Southwest Asia.
Gagea robusta Zarrei & Wilkin : It wasfirst describedin 2010 from Iran and Afghanistan .
Gagea rubicunda Meinsh. : It occurs in Northeast Europe.
Gagea rubinae Ali : It was first described from Pakistan in 2006.
Gagea rufidula Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea rupicola Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea sarmentosa K. Koch : It occurs from the Caucasus to Iran.
Gagea sarysuensis Murz. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea schachimardanica Levichev : It was first described in 2001 from Uzbekistan.
Gagea schugnanica Levichev & Navruzsh. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea scythica Artemczuk : It occurs from the Ukraine to the Caucasus.
Late wrinkled lily ( Gagea serotina (L.) Ker Gawl. , Syn .: Lloydia serotina (L.) Rchb. ): Its range includes the subarctic zone and the high mountains of the northern hemisphere; it is the only species of the genus found in North America.
Gagea setifolia Baker : It occurs from Iran to Central Asia and the western Himalayas.
Gagea shmakoviana Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2001 from the Altai .
Gagea sicula Lojac. : It occurs in Sicily.
Gagea siphonantha Rech.f. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
Gagea sivasica Hamzaoglu : It was first described from Turkey in 2008.
Gagea soleirolii F.W.Schultz : It occurs in southwestern Europe.
Sheath yellow star ( Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. ): It is widespread in Europe from France to Scandinavia and the Balkan Peninsula.
Gagea spumosa Levichev : It was first described in 2006 from the area between Central Asia and Pakistan.
Gagea staintonii Rech.f. : It occurs from Afghanistan to Pakistan.
Gagea stepposa L.Z.Shue : It occurs in northern Xinjiang.
Gagea subtilis Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea sulfurea Miscz. : It occurs from northeastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
Gagea tadshikistanica Levichev : It was first described in 2001 from Central Asia.
Gagea takhtajanii Levichev : It was first described from Uzbekistan in 2000.
Gagea talassica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea tashkentica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea taurica Steven : It occurs in the Crimea and in the northern Caucasus.
Gagea tenera Pascher : It occurs from Turkey to China and the Himalayas.
Gagea tenuissima Miscz. : It occurs from Turkey to Transcaucasia.
Gagea tesquicola Krasnova : It occurs in Ukraine.
Gagea × theobaldii Brügger (= Gagea minima × Gagea villosa ): It occurs in Europe.
Gagea tisoniana Peruzzi, Bartolucci, Frignani & Minut. : It was first described in Italy in 2007.
Gagea toktogulii Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea toppinii S.Dasgupta & DBDeb : It occurs in Pakistan.
Gagea transversalis (Pall.) Steven , Syn .: Gagea paczoskii (Zapal.) Grossh. : It occurs in eastern Central Europe and in Eastern Europe.
Gagea triflora (Ledeb.) Schult. & Schult. f. (Syn .: Lloydia triflora (Ledeb.) Baker ): It occurs in Russia's Far East, in Korea and Japan.
Gagea trinervia (Viv.) Greuter (Syn .: Lloydia trinervia (Viv.) Coss. ): It occurs in Sicily and northeastern Libya.
Gagea turanica Levichev : It occurs from Transcaucasia to Afghanistan.
Gagea ucrainica Klokov : It occurs from Eastern Europe to Mongolia.
Gagea ugamica Pavlov : It occurs in southeastern Kazakhstan.
Gagea ulazsaica Levichev : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea uliginosa See & Pascher : It occurs from Turkey to Iran.
Gagea utriculosa Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2006 from Himachal Pradesh .
Gagea × vaga Levichev (= Gagea calantha × Gagea rufidula ): It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea vaginata Pascher : It occurs from the southern Kuril Islands to northern Japan.
Gagea vanensis Teksen & Karaman : It was first described in 2014 from eastern Turkey.
Gagea vegeta Vved. : It occurs from Iran to Central Asia.
Field yellow star ( Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet , Syn .: Gagea arvensis (Pers.) Dumort) : It occurs in two varieties from Europe through the Middle East to northwestern Africa.
Gagea villosula Vved. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Gagea vvedenskyi Grossh. : It occurs from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Central Asia.
Gagea wallichii Levichev & Ali : It was first described in 2006 from the western Himalayas.
Gagea wendelboi Rech.f. : It occurs in northern Iran.
Gagea xiphoidea Levichev : It wasfirst describedin 2001 from the Altai .

literature

Chen Xinqi, Nicholas J. Turland: Gagea. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 117 (English, online - PDF file ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Syed Irtifaq Ali, Igor G. Levichev: Gagea. In: Syed Irtifaq Ali: Flora of Pakistan 215: Liliaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2007, p. 17 (online).
Angela Peterson, Igor G. Levichev, Jens Peterson: Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 46, No. 2, 2008, pp. 446-465, DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2007.11.016 .
Mehdi Zarrei, Paul Wilkin, MF Fay, MJ Ingrouille, S. Zarre, Mark W. Chase: Molecular systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae; Liliales): implications of analyzes of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequences for infrageeric classification. In: Annals of Botany. Volume 104, No. 1, 2009, pp. 125-142, doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcp103 .
Mehdi Zarrei, Paul Wilkin, Martin J. Ingrouille, Mark W. Chase: A revised infrageeric classification for Gagea Salisb (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data. In: Phytotaxa. Volume 15, 2011, ISSN 1179-3155 , pp. 44-56, ( PDF file (abstract only) ).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Chen Xinqi, Nicholas J. Turland: Gagea. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 117 (English, online - PDF file ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe . tape 2 . JF Lehmanns, Munich 1909, Gagea, p. 205–206 , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-19587-p0248-0 .
↑ BJM Zonneveld, B. te Linde, L.-J. van den Berg: Genome sizes of 227 accessions of Gagea (Liliaceae) discriminate between the species from the Netherlands and reveal new ploidies in Gagea. In: Springerplus , Volume 4, August 5, 2015, p. 395. doi : 10.1186 / s40064-015-1167-4 , PMC 4524885 (free full text).
↑ Richard Anthony Salisbury: On the Characters of a distinct Genus hitherto confounded with Ornithogalum, and called Gagea; with some Remarks on the Importance of the Inflorescence in Distinguishing Genera. In: Annals of Botany (King & Sims). Volume 2, 1806, pp. 553–557 (here: p. 555 in the Google book search).
^ Gagea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 21, 2013.
^ Gagea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
↑ M. Zarrei, P. Wilkin, MF Fay, MJ Ingrouille, S. Zarre, MW Chase: Molecular systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae; Liliales): implications of analyzes of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequences for infrageeric classification. In: Annals of Botany. Volume 104, No. 1, 2009, pp. 125-142, doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcp103 .
^ Chen Xinqi, Nicholas J. Turland: Gagea. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 121 (English, online - PDF file ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo ^fp ^fq ^fr ^fs ^ft ^fu ^fv ^fw ^fx ^fy ^fz ^ga ^gb ^gc ^gd ^ge ^gf ^gg ^gh ^gi ^gj ^gk ^gl ^gm ^gn ^go ^gp ^gq ^gr ^gs ^gt ^gu ^gv ^gw ^gx ^gy ^gz ^ha ^hb ^hc ^hd ^he ^hf ^hg ^hh ^hi Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gagea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 2, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Ian Bertram Kay Richardson: Gagea Salisb. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 26–28 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
^ ^A ^b Karl Peter Buttler , Michael Thieme & coworkers: Flora list of Germany - vascular plants. Version 4. Frankfurt am Main, August 2012, Internet publication , last accessed on February 23, 2013.
^ Igor G. Levichev, Jean-Marc Tison: Étude nomenclaturale de Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult. f. (Liliaceae), de ses variétés β tenuifolia Boiss. et γ fibrosa Boiss., et de Gagea rigida Boiss. & Spruner. In: Candollea. Volume 59, No. 2, 2004, pp. 309-324 (PDF file).
↑ James L. Reveal, Frederick H. Utech: Lloydia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 , pp. 198 (English, online ).

Web links

Commons : Yellow Stars ( Gagea ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Identification key for yellow stars in Germany.