Common partial rule of bars

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The house of the abbot of Ettenheimmünster as a part owner in Riegel

The term Gemeine Teilherrschaft Riegel describes a special form of local rule over the municipality of Riegel am Kaiserstuhl in Breisgau in Upper Austria between 1381 and 1806. Several rulers jointly exercised the local rule in rotation.

prehistory

The common partial rule of Riegel represented a truly unique and extremely long-lasting model of the joint exercise of rule in the Holy Roman Empire . It all began with the unusual testament of a special woman from the milieu of aspiring merchants who had become rich with the silver trade in Breisgau. The Malterers were among the wealthiest families in Freiburg in the 14th century . To their debtors included not only the cities of Freiburg and Endingen high-ranking noble families such as the Counts of Freiburg , the Count von Furstenberg , the Count Palatine of Tübingen , the Margrave of Hachberg , the Lords of Üsenberg that hohengeroldseck , the Lords of Staufen , which Lords of Falkenstein , the monasteries of St. Peter , St. Märgen and even the Abbot of Einsiedeln . In 1353 the abbot and convent of that Swiss monastery Johann Malterer and his heirs sold their farm to Riegel. After Johann Malterer's death in 1360, his wife Gisela von Kaysersberg , who survived him for 21 years in Freiburg, was given the rule of Riegel with Riegel Castle as a Wittum or widow's estate.

The creation of the "eleventh"

Before her death in 1381, the widow bequeathed the rule of Riegel with the castle to her eleven grandchildren - six sons and a daughter of the knight Johann von Blumegg or Blumeneck († 1383), who was married to Margarete Malterer, a daughter of Johann and Gisela Malterer , as well as four daughters of their son Martin Malterer , who in the battle of Sempach in 1386 the body of the dying Duke Leopold III. von Habsburg covered with his own and found death in the process - in equal shares and thus established the local rule that existed until 1806. For centuries, the local proportions were calculated based on these eleven grandchildren and were called eleventh . Since these could be inherited, sold, given away and shared, there was a huge shift in the shares over time, and the various noble families from Breisgau and Alsace became joint owners in Riegel. If there were eleven in 1400, their number was seven in 1454, ten again in 1491, eight in 1558, seven in 1606, four in 1650. From 1661 until the end of the rule at the beginning of the 19th century there were three, namely the owners of the Lichteneck rule with 5 ¾ eleven, the Ettenheimmünster abbey with 2 ⅞ eleven and from 1687 the imperial barons of Sickingen with 2 ⅜ eleven of the entire rule.

administration

The administration of Riegel was carried out by a part- owner , who was called a verifier or verser. The office was his for as many years as he owned whole eleventh; the change was made to Georgi , the “St. Knight's Day ”, April 23rd. The barons of Garnier zu Lichteneck had the "Versehnerei" from 1661 every four years for five years; it resulted in this order: 1661–66 Lichteneck, 1666–68 Ettenheimmünster, 1668–70 Dankenschweil (from 1687 Sickingen), etc. A special event was the annual common part-lord's day, which took place at Georgi and on which all part-lords or their representatives had to appear . The Lichteneck rulership in Riegel owned "staff, authority, glory, command and prohibition, high and low jurisdiction" together with the other rulers. The sovereign rulership was owned by the Archduchy of Austria , exercised by the authorities in Upper Austria .

Heinrich von Blumeneck built the Riegeler Schloss in 1410, ownership passed to Wilhelm Dietrich von Rathsamhausen in 1593, and in 1633 the castle was completely destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. The commandant of the fortresses Freiburg and Rheinfelden , general sergeant Johann Georg Schütz von Pürschütz and Geislingen , acquired the " ash heap " in 1651 and rebuilt the castle in a makeshift manner . In 1660 he was forced to sell the Lichteneck lordship with the villages of Hecklingen , Forchheim and Schelingen as well as 4½ shares of the extinct Count Palatine of Tübingen-Lichteneck on the market town of Riegel to Johann Heinrich von Garnier. In 1661, Garnier acquired the 1st eleventh from General Schütz, including the rulership of Riegel, and thus owned 5 damit shares. His son Leopold Heinrich von Garnier built the new castle on Riegeler Michaelsberg 1683–1687.

1721 inherited his wife Luzia Katharina Berchtoldin , b. von Saxengang († 1743), his shares. Since she had remained childless, in 1721 she donated the property to Count Hannibal Max von Schauenburg († 1741). Its universal heir was initially his son Philipp († 1741), then his brother Christoph Anton, Breisgau district chief of the Upper Austrian government, who fell out of favor because of his administration and was deposed by Empress Maria Theresia in 1760 . The granddaughter of the Türkenlouis , Princess Elisabeth Augusta von Baden-Baden , married to her court master, Count von Althan , bought the castle at auction in 1765 and lived there until 1789. Johann Nepomuk Anton Joseph von Schwarzenberg inherited the castle from his aunt along with the rule of Riegel and Lichteneck. In 1812 the castle was sold to the Grand Duchy of Baden for 250,000 guilders, which it resold to the municipality of Riegel in 1820. This parceled the property into 33 parts and had the castle demolished. This ended the common partial rule, which at the end of the Holy Roman Empire had consisted of three class lords:

Estates

1. The rulership of the princes von Schwarzenberg as lords of Lichteneck with 5 ¾ eleventh, or 22/42 or 52.38%. As Lord von Lichteneck and part lord of Riegel, the Prince of Schwarzenberg was a member of the knighthood of the Breisgau Land Estates , and also represented the Landgraviate of Klettgau and Sulz in the Swabian Imperial Counts College .

The lordship Lichteneck was the original part of the ruler in Riegel by the 9th eleventh of the Verene Malterer († 1429) and the Count Palatine Konrad von Tübingen-Lichteneck († 1409), who had come to Garnier in 1660. The 10th eleventh of Margarete Malterer and Kaspar von Klingenberg († 1439) fell in inheritance in 1439 to the former Lords of Lichteneck, the Count Palatine Konrad II of Tübingen-Lichteneck, the 4th Eleventh of Dietrich von Blumeneck acquired the Count Palatine in 1441 of the Rumelang. The third eleventh or “Rustischer part” of Martin von Blumeneck († 1434), which went to Rust in 1484 and Rathsamhausen in 1536, fell in 1602 to Eberhard von Tübingen-Lichteneck. In 1660 Garnier also bought the first eleventh with the rulership rights of Heinrich von Blumeneck († 1425), which had gone to Rathsamhausen in 1593 and to General Schütz in 1651. In addition, there were shares in other eleven: half of the 6th eleventh or "Blumeneckische share" of Otto von Blumeneck († 1412), which had fallen to Heinrich von Blumeneck in 1410, as well as one eighth of each half of the 2nd eleventh of the Johann von Blumeneck († 1437), who went to Pfirt in 1450 and was divided in 1576. The Counts of Schauenburg acquired the 5 erw eleven from Garnier in 1721 and left them to the Princess of Baden-Baden in 1765, and in 1789 to the Prince of Schwarzenberg, who thus owned a majority of the shares in the common rule of Riegel.

year eleventh Remarks
1381 2nd eleventh of Johann von Blumeneck († 1437) 6. Eleventh of Otto von Blumeneck († 1412), single 1. Eleventh with the rule of Riegel of Heinrich von Blumeneck († 1425) 9. Eleventh with the rule of Lichteneck the Verene Malterer († 1429) ∞ Konrad von Tübingen-Lichteneck († 1409) 10. Eleventh part of Margarete Malterer ∞ Kaspar von Klingenberg († 1439) 4. Eleventh of Dietrich von Blumeneck († 1426) 3rd eleventh of Martin von Blumeneck († 1434) Distribution of the inheritance to a total of eleven grandchildren
1410 → 6th eleventh goes to Heinrich von Blumeneck (1st eleventh)
1426 Grede and Heinrich von Rumelang 4. Eleventh part is taken over by Rumelang
1439 ← 10th eleventh goes to Konrad II. Von Tübingen-Lichteneck (9th eleventh)
1441 ← 4th eleventh goes to Konrad II. Von Tübingen-Lichteneck (9th eleventh)
1450 Pfirt 2. Eleventh part is taken over by Pfirt
1484 Division under Philipp ½ and Ludwig von Pfirt ½ Sale to Blumeneck and Rathsamhausen Rust 2nd and 6th eleventh are divided; 3. Eleventh part is taken over by Rust
1484 Conrad III. von Tübingen-Lichteneck, von Staufen, von Bolsenheim, von Landeck, Sebastian von Blumeneck, Widergrün von Staufenberg, von Hattstatt, Ludwig von Pfirt Rust Philipp von Pfirt sells his half of the 2nd eleventh to various nobles
1536 ⅛ → Blumeneck, ⅛ → Tübingen-Lichteneck Hans Georg von Rathsamhausen 3. Eleventh part is taken over by Rathsamhausen
1558 Anastasia von Brempt, b. Flower corner Ludwig von Pfirt sells half of his 2nd eleventh to Brempt
1576 ½-eleventh sold to all common landlords, so ⅛ → Tübingen-Lichteneck Anastasia von Brempt sells her shares to all common owners
1593 Wilhelm Dietrich von Rathsamhausen 1. Eleventh part is taken over by Rathsamhausen
1602 ← 3rd eleventh goes to Eberhard von Tübingen-Lichteneck (9th eleventh)
1605 → Half of the 6th eleventh goes to Eberhard von Tübingen-Lichteneck (9th eleventh)
1630 Karl von Salm-Neuburg 9. Eleventh part is taken over by Salm-Neuburg
1651 Major General Georg Schütz 1. Eleventh is taken over by Major General Schütz
1660/61 Johann Heinrich von Garnier ← 1. Eleventh part is taken over by Garnier; 9. Eleventh goes to the same. Riegel and Lichteneck are thus united in one hand
1721 Hannibal Max von Schauenburg 1. Eleventh part is taken over by Schauenburg
1765 Augusta of Baden-Baden 1. Eleventh part is taken over by the Princess of Baden-Baden
1789 Johann Nepomuk von Schwarzenberg 1. Eleventh part is taken over by Prince Schwarzenberg

2. The rulership of the Abbot of Ettenheimmünster with 2 ⅞ eleventh, or 11/42 or 26.19%. The Abbot of Ettenheimmünster, as part of Riegel, was a member of the knighthood of the Breisgau Land estates, which was of particular importance for the abbot, as the Bishop of Strasbourg denied him a place on the Breisgau prelate bank. Einsiedeln Abbey had sold its patronage rights to Ettenheimmünster Abbey in 1483; it founded its rule on the 8th eleventh of Gisela Malterer and Bertold von Staufen († 1450), which was acquired by the abbey in 1489 and to which in 1484 one eighth had fallen from one half of the second eleventh . Furthermore, after 1495 the abbots bought the 7th eleventh of Gisela von Blumeneck and Hartmann von Hus († 1418) and in 1576 another four eighths of the second eleventh . Finally, a quarter of the 6th eleventh or "Blumeneckische share", which was acquired by Rathsamhausen and Andlaw in 1605, rounded off the monastery property.

year eleventh Remarks
1381 2nd eleventh of Johann von Blumeneck († 1437) 6. Eleventh of Otto von Blumeneck († 1412), single 8. Eleventh of Gisela Malterer ∞ Bertold von Staufen († 1450) 7. Eleventh of Gisela von Blumeneck ∞ Hartmann von Hus († 1418) Distribution of the inheritance to a total of eleven grandchildren
1410 Heinrich von Blumeneck ← 6th eleventh goes to Heinrich von Blumeneck (1st eleventh)
1436 Bolsenheim 8. Eleventh part is taken over by Bolsenheim
1450 Pfirt 2. Eleventh part is taken over by Pfirt
1470 Widergrün von Staufenberg 7. Eleventh is taken over by Widergrün von Staufenberg
1484 Division under Philipp ½ and Ludwig von Pfirt ½ Sale to Blumeneck and Rathsamhausen Martin von Staufen 2nd and 6th eleventh are divided; 8. Eleventh part is taken over by Staufen
1484 Ludwig von Pfirt as well as to Johann Ludwig von Andlaw d. Ä. Ludwig von Pfirt keeps his half of the 2nd eleventh; ⅛ half of Philipp von Pfirt to Abbot von Ettenheimmünster
1489 Abbot of Ettenheimmünster 8. Eleventh part is taken over by the Abbot of Ettenheimmünster
1495 Staufen, then Abbot of ← Ettenheimmünster 7. Eleventh part is taken over by the Abbot of Ettenheimmünster
1576 ⅜ of the "Bremptic part" of the 2nd eleventh at → Ettenheimmünster Further parts of the second eleventh go to Abbot von Ettenheimmünster
1605 ¼ of the 6th eleventh to → Ettenheimmünster Abbot of Ettenheimmünster A quarter of the 6th eleventh goes to Abbot von Ettenheimmünster

3. The class rule of Sickingen with 2 ⅜ eleventh, or 9/42 or 21.43%. Baron von Sickingen was president of the knighthood of Breisgau . He owned the 11th eleventh of Anna Malterer and Johann von Tengen , which had been acquired by Schnewlin von Landeck in 1407 and to which already an eighth of the second eleventh , which in 1484 from the sale of half an eleventh of Philipp von Pfirt Ludwig von Landeck and " Hattstatt sel. Children" came from, had been beaten. This property fell in 1568 to Sickingen, 1648 to Dankenschweil, 1687 again to Sickingen and remained there until 1809. The fifth eleventh of Rudolf von Blumeneck († 1437), that in 1410 to Heinrich von Blumeneck, 1476 to Hattstatt, 1491 to Neuenfels , 1510 to Bubenhofen , 1560 to Vogt von Altensummerau and Prassberg , 1648 to Dankenschweil, was acquired by Sickingen in 1687, as well as a quarter of the 6th eleventh or "Blumeneckische part", which was acquired in 1605 by Rathsamhausen and Andlaw.

year eleventh Remarks
1381 2nd eleventh of Johann von Blumeneck († 1437) 6. Eleventh of Otto von Blumeneck († 1412), single 11. Eleventh of Anna Malterer ∞ Johann von Tengen zu Eglisau 5. Eleventh of Rudolf von Blumeneck († 1412), single Distribution of the inheritance to a total of eleven grandchildren
1407 Schnewlin from Landeck 11. Eleventh part is taken over by Schnewlin von Landeck
1410 Heinrich von Blumeneck Heinrich von Blumeneck 6th and 5th eleventh go to Heinrich von Blumeneck (1st eleventh)
1450 Pfirt 2. Eleventh part is taken over by Pfirt
1476 Hattstatt († 1484) 5. Eleventh part is taken over by Hattstatt
1484 Division under Philipp ½ and Ludwig von Pfirt ½ Sale to Blumeneck and Rathsamhausen "Hattstatt Sel. Children" 2nd and 6th eleventh are divided
1484 Philipp and Ludwig von Pfirt → as well as to Johann Ludwig von Andlaw d. Ä. ⅛ half of Philipp von Pfirt to Sickingen
1491 Neuenfels 5. Eleventh part is taken over by Neuenfels
1510 Wolfgang von Bubenhofen 5. Eleventh part is taken over by Bubenhofen
1560 Vogt of Altensumerau and Praßberg 5. Eleventh part is taken over by Vogt von Altensumerau and Praßberg
1568 Sickingen 11. Eleventh goes to Sickingen
1605 ¼ of the 6th eleventh to Hans Jakob von → Sickingen A quarter of the 6th eleventh goes to Sickingen
1648 Thank you Thank you 5th and 11th eleventh from Dankenschweil
1687 Sickingen ← Sickingen 5th and 11th eleventh from Sickingen

The common rulership of Riegel was not only a very special form of rule, but in the four centuries of its existence it attracted the leading families of the southwest, who also acquired a preferred place in the knighthood of Front Austria with a share in the common rulership of Riegel.

See also

literature

  • Adolf Futterer: Income and property of the Lichteneck lordship in the communal rulership of Riegel under the Count Palatine of Tübingen and the Barons of Garnier 1391–1721. In: Schau-ins-Land . Annual issue of the Breisgau-Geschichtsverein Schauinsland, Volume 82 (1964), pp. 12–46 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )

Remarks

  1. ↑ If at the end of the 18th century the income from the rule Riegel for Lichteneck was usually given as 22 ⁄ 42 , for Ettenheimmünster as 11 ⁄ 42 and for Sickingen as 9 ⁄ 42 , this results from the easier calculation. Since half the “Bremptic” eleventh (the 2nd eleventh) had passed to all of the co-owners in proportion to their shares in 1576, this half-eleventh was removed from the calculation and only 10 ½ instead of 11 shares; the most favorable denominator for the calculation was thus 42.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Generallandesarchiv (GLA) Karlsruhe , inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich, among others), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1353 September 7, 21 No. 6371.
  2. ↑ Futterer, 17 (see literature)
  3. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1651 January 9, 21 No. 6383.
  4. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1661, 21 No. 6384.
  5. ^ Head, Hermann, Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg, Freiburg i. Br. 1987.
  6. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1765 May 7, 21 No. 6386.
  7. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1439 September 20, 21 No. 6373.
  8. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1441 January 5, 21 No. 6374.
  9. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1558 February 4, 21 No. 6376.
  10. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1602 December 21, 21 No. 6378.
  11. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1602 March 23, 21 No. 6377.
  12. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1605 July 19, 21 No. 6379.
  13. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1484 February 26, 21 No. 6361.
  14. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1422 September 13, 21 No. 6369.
  15. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1648 May 7, 21 No. 6367.
  16. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1687 September 1, 21 No. 6385.
  17. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1510 June 25, 21 No. 6375.
  18. ↑ GLA Karlsruhe, inventory 21: United Breisgauer Archives (Vorderösterreich et al.), 2. Spezialia, 2.350. Riegel, 1617 May 6, 21 No. 6381; 21 No. 6382