Georg Heinrich Sappuhn

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Georg Heinrich Sappuhn (* July 12, 1659 in Heilsberg ; † May 3, 1721 in Lorenzkirch ) was a Protestant theologian and author . He worked in Prešov as a high school teacher in rhetoric and as a Protestant pastor in Spišské Podhradie , Prešov and Lorenzkirch.

Life

Georg Heinrich Sappuhn was born in Heilsberg in the Prussian Duchy of Warmia , now Lidzbark Warmiński , Poland. His date of birth is controversial. The tombstone mentioned July 15, 1660. His grandson Friedrich Immanuel Schwartz gave the date of birth July 12, 1660. His descendant Klaus Beiler found the birth and baptism entry, which is kept in the diocesan archive of Allenstein, now Olsztyn . The only birth and baptism entry in Heilsberg with the name Georg Sappuhn is the date of birth and baptism July 12, 1659. His father Georg Sappuhn is listed as Spectabilis Dominus , i.e. a well-respected gentlemanin a wealthy family. Georg Heinrich Sappuhn was the oldest of five children and the heir. He later renounced this inheritance.

Sappuhn grew up in a Catholic family and attended a Catholic grammar school run by Jesuits in Rössel . At the age of 15 he studied Protestant theology with Christian Dreier at the Albertus University in Königsberg . During his studies he also studied the writings of Johann Latermann and Erasmus von Rotterdam . At the age of 17 he studied Polish history and the Polish language for two years in Poland at the University of Cracow, learning the linguistic rules of rhetoric . After the outbreak of the plague in Krakow, he had to leave this university town. In Schekoczin , at the age of 19, he found a job as a tutor with the nobleman Koryczinski . There he got to know Count Zebrydowky , who gave him the parish office in Kirchdorf (later Kirchdrauf) in the north of what is now Slovakia . He was ordained a Protestant pastor in Kaschau in 1679 at the age of 20 and worked as a pastor in Kirchdorf for three years. Subsequently, the Protestant city of Eperies , which then belonged to the Catholic Royal Hungary, became his center of life.

The Evangelisches Kollegium grammar school in Eperies

On October 18, 1667, the Evangelisches Kollegium grammar school in Eperies was opened, an important educational center for Upper Hungary . The scholars working here were influenced by the teachings of Johann Amos Comenius , who had visited Eperies in the spring of 1650. The Protestant statesman and magnate Emmerich Thököly studied at this grammar school. In 1670 the Habsburgs conquered the city of Eperies. In 1671 the Catholic Franciscan Order settled in the city , two years later the Jesuit Order too. The Protestant high school was closed and the city of Eperies became Catholic. After the resistance fighter Emmerich Thököly had defeated the Habsburgs, Eperies became Protestant again. In 1682 Thököly had the Protestant grammar school reopened and appointed six scholars with the title of professor , including 23-year-old Sappuhn as a teacher of rhetoric . He also received the office of deacon at the main Protestant church in Eperies. So Sappuhn became one of Thököly's confidants.

During this time he published his first works in Latin. This included the Latin funeral sermon he gave and published in writing for Daniel Gutth , Thököly's secretary and estate manager in Kosice .

In 1685 Sappuhn married the then 20-year-old widow Sophia Burkhardt, born Schmitz (* May 1, 1665, † December 4, 1744). Sophia's husband Daniel Burkhardt died in 1684 after a two-year marriage, leaving behind their almost one-year-old daughter Anna Sophia , who Sappuhn took in as his child. Sophia Schmitz was the daughter of the merchant and city governor of Käsmark Christoph Schmitz and his wife Sophia nee Mösin , a daughter of the mayor of Käsmark, Thököly's native town.

The Evangelical Church and the Evangelisches Kollegium grammar school in Eperies

During the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, Emmerich Thököly supported the Turks significantly through military activities in Upper Hungary and through the participation of some of his Kuruc in the huge Turkish army. This battle was lost by the Turks. The support of the anti-Habsburg uprising under Thököly had serious consequences for the city. The rebels in Upper Hungary had to surrender on September 18, 1684. The city itself capitulated a year later on September 11, 1685.

As a confidante of Thököly, Sappuhn was now in mortal danger. At the Reformation Festival in 1685 he gave his last sermon in Eperies. Georg Friedrich Herzog zu Württemberg and Teck (1657–1685), regimental commander of the Habsburg garrison Bartfeld in the neighboring Sarosch Castle, warned him and recommended that he flee Royal Hungary . He then left the city of Eperies with his wife and child and fled to Meißen via Breslau and Leipzig . Georg Friedrich Herzog zu Württemberg and Teck commanded the military siege of the Upper Hungarian capital Kaschau in mid-October 1685 and was killed shortly after the cannonade began. His body was embalmed in Eperies and buried in Stuttgart in January 1686 . When Sappuhn learned of his death, he published a Latin episedium in his memory . This mourning poem was read at the duke's coffin at the burial.

After the conquest of Upper Hungary in 1686, Antonio von Caraffa became the commander of Eperies and chairman of a court that cracked down on the Thököly's followers with extreme severity. Based on a decision by Emperor Leopold I , Antonio Caraffa held the so-called Eperies Blood Court from March 5 to September 12, 1687 , during which twenty-four prominent Protestant citizens and nobles were expropriated and executed. The population had to adopt the Catholic faith, and the Protestant church building was rededicated as the Catholic Church.

In Meißen, Sappuhn sought out the superintendent Matthias Zimmermann , a former professor at the grammar school in Eperies and a deacon of the Protestant church in Eperies, who now worked as superintendent in Meißen after his escape.

The chamberlain and satellite captain Hans Siegmund Pflug heard Sappuhn preach in Meißen and appointed him pastor and pastor of Lorenzkirch , Jacobsthal and Kreinitz . In March 1687, at the age of 27, Sappuhn began his ministry in Lorenzkirch, where he served as pastor for 34 years and died on May 3, 1721 at the age of 61.

According to an oral tradition, Georg Heinrich Sappuhn brought coffee to Saxony in 1687. That is why it is considered the first coffee axis in Lorenzkirch .

A life-size painting by Georg Heinrich Sappuhn was in the rectory. It's lost. Further details are not available.

Works

Work by his son of the same name

  • GeograpHuS Laurentinus (pseudonym): Ludi et epulae Afranae, feriis tam statis quam indictivis in illustri ludo Misenensi ad Albim quotannis celebrari solitae, utpote: ludi verni, anser Burcarchinus, encaenia, bacchanalia, purgatum typ condiscipulis quondam suis… Meißen 1710 ( digitized ; the collection of poems describes five Afranian festivals: the spring play, the Freßburckhard, the fair, the barrel night, the wind festival: commonly known as the Wantzen festival ).

literature

  • Traugott Heinr. Sappuhn: Misnici. juris utriusque candidati et solatio moestissimae familiae dabant cives Hungari in academia Wittebergensi commorantes: Triste melos supremo honori viri…
  • Friedrich Immanuel Schwarz: funeral sermon on Charlotten Sophien Schwarzin geb. Sappuhnin. Leipzig 1782.
  • Johann Georg Eck: Life of Friedrich Immanuel Schwarzens. Leipzig 1787. Excerpt from text.
  • Johann Samuel Klein : News of the living conditions and writings of Protestant preachers in ... Hungary. 1789 (Austrian National Library Vienna; Sign .: 71.Z.213)
  • Yearbook of the Society for the History of Protestantism in Austria 1886 (Page 103, Number 132)
  • Lorenzkirch. (PDF file; 1.59 MB) In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony, Vol. 27, 1905, p. 173 (description of the lost picture by Georg Heinrich Sappuhn)
  • BGTeubner Verlag: New Year Books for Pedagogy , 18th Bd .; 1906; (Page 294)
  • Otto Eduard Schmidt : Georg Heinrich Sappuhn. In: Archives for Saxon History , 28th vol .; 1907 (pages 135-137)
  • Otto Eduard Schmidt: Kursächsische Streifzüge Vol. 3, Dresden 1924 pp. 157-162
  • Erika Ruß: Episodes from the Schmorkauer Chronik , 1927; Pages 69-77 (concerns daughter Christiana Sophia)
  • Gottfried Müller: Georg Heinrich Sappuhn. Lecture in Lorenzkirch on August 24, 1996. Excerpt.
  • Heinrich Gotthelf Ruppel: From Strehla's Past Days Vol. 2, Strehla 1938 pp. 279–286.
  • Klaus Beiler: Georg Heinrich Sappuhn - A wanderer between cultures. (PDF file; 1.06 MB) Summary of a lecture given on August 14, 2010 in Lorenzkirch .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This date is in the birth and baptism entries. The tombstone gave the date of birth July 15, 1660.
  2. ↑ The inscription on his tombstone named July 15, 1660, it was formulated by Georg Heinrich Sappuhn during his lifetime and read in 1907 by Carl Paul and Otto Eduard Schmidt . This date was no longer legible in 2011. Source: Otto Eduard Schmidt : Georg Heinrich Sappuhn. In: Archives for Saxon History , 28th vol .; 1907 (pp. 135-137).
  3. ↑ Source: Friedrich Immanuel Schwarz: Funeral Sermon on Charlotten Sophien Schwarzin geb. Sappuhnin. Leipzig 1782.
  4. ↑ Source: Klaus Beiler: Georg Heinrich Sappuhn - A wanderer between cultures. (PDF file; 1.06 MB)
  5. ↑ On his tombstone he wrote: In the name of Christ I spurned the estates I owned that I could rightly have kept as master of the house. The poverty of Christ was dearer to me than riches, and I preferred that to the treasures of the world.
  6. ^ Mourning poem without historical information about Sappuhn
personal data
SURNAME Sappuhn, Georg Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sappuhn, Georgius Henricus; Sappuhn, George Heinrich; Sappuhn, György Henrik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pastor and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1659
PLACE OF BIRTH Lidzbark Warmiński , Poland
DATE OF DEATH May 3, 1721
Place of death Lorenzkirch near Strehla