Georgi Borisovich Boki

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Georgi Borisovich Boki ( Russian Георгий Борисович Бокий ; born September 26 . Jul / 9. October  1909 greg. In St. Petersburg , † 4. September 2001 in Moscow ) was a Russian physical chemist , crystal chemistry , crystallographer and university teachers .

Life

Boki, son of the mining scientist Boris Ivanovich Boki and nephew of the NKVD commissioner Gleb Ivanovich Boki , graduated from the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1930. His most important teachers were Anatoli Kapitonovich Boldyrew and Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kurnakow .

After graduation, Boki worked in Leningrad with Alexei Wassiljewitsch Schubnikow in the laboratory for crystallography founded in 1925 at the Museum of Mineralogy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). 1931 Boki joined the Technical Physics Institute , where he ferroelectric Seignettekristalle bred .

In 1934 Boki moved to Moscow with the Lomonosov Institute for Geochemistry , Mineralogy and Petrography of the AN-SSSR, into which the Laboratory for Crystallography had been incorporated in 1932, and worked with Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kurnakow. In 1934 the Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry (IONCh) of the AN-SSSR was founded in Moscow with Kurnakov as director. There Boki set up the Laboratory for Crystallography in 1935, which was then converted into the Laboratory for Crystal Chemistry . The complex compounds of the platinum metals were examined there. In 1939 Boki began to carry out crystal structure analyzes. In the same year the foundations of crystallography by Boki, Schubnikow and Evgeni Evgenjewitsch Flint appeared , which became the handbook of crystallographers. Together with Georgii Glebowitsch Lemmlein , Boki examined rounded diamond crystals .

Boki was evacuated in Kazan during the German-Soviet War . At the suggestion of Alexander Nikolayevich Nesmejanows , Boki gave his first lecture on crystal chemistry there. In 1942 he defended his doctoral dissertation and a year later he was appointed professor .

In 1944 Boki returned to Moscow. In 1945 he set up a chair for crystallography and crystal chemistry at the geological and chemical faculties at Moscow University (MGU) and taught there. In 1951, he published the first volume of the textbook on crystal structure analysis together with Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Porai-Koschiz . Together with DK Archipenko he carried out investigations to determine Fyodorov - symmetry groups ( space groups ). With a new method with a combination of X-ray diffraction and vibration spectroscopy , he was able to determine 206 of the 230 space groups, while only 61 space groups can be determined with X-ray diffraction alone. Boki was the first to determine the crystal structure of hexahydrite , epsomite and blödite . By clarifying the structure of cobaltite , gersdorffite and ullmannite , he was able to determine the type of crystallization in geological processes. He investigated the lattice defects in sulfides . He established the existence of oxonium ions in natural minerals . He developed methods to obtain immersion liquids with a high refractive index . In 1954 his textbook on crystal chemistry was published. In 1956 he published the monograph on the theory of Daltonide and Berthollide .

In 1958 Boki was elected a Corresponding Member of the AN-SSSR. He now lived and worked in Siberia . In 1957 he founded the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Department of the AN-SSSR in Novosibirsk in 1958 and then headed the Laboratory for Crystal Structure Analysis . He was also the editor-in-chief of the new journal for crystal chemistry.

In 1963, Boki returned to Moscow and worked in various institutions. In 1968 he organized the crystallography and chemical chemistry lecture work in the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (WINITI) founded in 1952 . From 1972 he worked in the Moscow Institute for Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the AN-SSSR, founded in 1955 . Together with Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Below , he discovered the laws governing structural changes in isomopic III-V compound semiconductors . Based on the Mendeleev periodic table , Boki developed new principles for the classification of crystal structures and arranged silicates , borates , sulfates , sulfides and analogous compounds in homologous series . He was a member of an author collective for the Russian - German thesaurus of minerals, the 4 monumental volumes of which were published in 1977–1981. From 1993 he headed the work for the Lexicon of Minerals. In 1997 the WINITI Bokis systematics of natural silicates published and in 2000 the systematics of natural oxides .

Boki's tomb is located in Moscow's Nikolo Arkhangelskoye Cemetery.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Лаборатория кристаллохимии минералов имени академика Н.В. Белова: Бокий Георгий Борисович (accessed October 10, 2018).
  2. ↑ Институт неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук: Георгий Борисович Бокий (accessed October 10, 2018).
  3. ↑ RAN: Бокий Георгий Борисович (accessed on October 20, 2018).
  4. ↑ Государственный реестр открытий СССР: Научное открытие "Закономерность морфотропииио кв гомолагипеслкв гомоланость. (accessed on October 20, 2018).
  5. ↑ Collective: Тезаурус по минералам. Том 1-2 . WINITI, Moscow 1977.
  6. ↑ Бокий Г.Б., Боруцкий Б.Е., Мозгова Н.Н., Соколова М.Н. (Ed.): Минералы. Справочник. Том 5. Выпуск 1. Каркасные силикаты. Силикаты с разорванными каркасами. Полевые шпаты . Nauka , Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-02-002822-3 ( geokniga.org [accessed October 20, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Бокий Г. Б .: Систематика природных силикатов . Moscow 1997.
  8. ↑ Бокий Г. Б .: Систематика природных оксидов. Итоги науки и техники. Серия Кристаллохимия. Том 32 . WINITI, Moscow 2000.
  9. ↑ Georgi Borissowitsch Boki's grave (accessed October 20, 2018).
  10. ↑ RAN: Премия имени Е.С. Федорова (accessed October 20, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Boki, Georgi Borissowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Бокий, Георгий Борисович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physical chemist, crystal chemist, crystallographer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH September 4, 2001
Place of death Moscow