Anatoly Kapitonowitsch Boldyrew

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Anatoli Kapitonowitsch Boldyrev ( Russian Анатолий Капитонович Болдырев ; born October 14 . Jul / 26. October  1883 greg. In Grayvoron ; † 25. March 1946 in the Oblast Magadan ) was a Russian Kristallograf , mineralogist , geologist and university professor .

Life

Boldyrew's parents, Kapiton Lukitsch Boldyrew and Agrippina Grigoryevna Boldyrewa, were serf farmers until 1861 . Captain Lukitsch Boldyrew became a merchant of the 2nd Guild.

After attending secondary school in Kharkov , Boldyrew began studying at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1901 . He specialized in crystallography , mineralogy and petrology with Evgraf Stepanowitsch Fjodorow and Wassili Wassiljewitsch Nikitin . In 1904 he was temporarily excluded from studying because of his involvement in student unrest. One of Boldyrew's first works dealt with the fundamentals of symmetry (1907). At the end of 1910 he was arrested for participating in the student movement and exiled to the Perm governorate for three years . He came first to Cherdyn and then to Nizhny Tagil , where he worked as a district geologist . There he published scientific papers on crystal optics , geometry , regional petrography , drilling and the theory of calculating metal reserves in ore deposits .

In the spring of 1914, Boldyrew returned to Petrograd and became a hydrogeologist in the Soil Improvement Department. In the summer of 1914 he worked with an expedition in the Tschüital and the Issykköl area . After his return he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army in the beginning World War I. After a short training and work as a paramedic , he came to the chemical laboratory for fog veils near Kolpino as a chemical laboratory assistant , where he served until 1917. At the time of the February Revolution in 1917 Boldyrev was part of the third railway - battalion , which it in the Petrograd Soviet elected. In March 1917 he joined the Social Revolutionary Party (SR) , which he left immediately after the October Revolution .

From 1918 Boldyrew worked on the State Geological Committee and led exploration work in the Urals , Altai and eastern Transbaikalia in the summers . In 1919 he graduated from the Mining Institute. He stayed at the Mining Institute and on June 5, 1921, after publicly defending his scientific work in the Faculty of Exploration of the Mining Institute, he was unanimously promoted to candidate for the Chair of Crystallography and appointed Dean of this Faculty. He was arrested in 1921 and released two months later.

On the basis of his lectures , he writes a systematic description of all known minerals and a textbook on crystallography. With his assistants, he created a large work on the determination of crystals over the course of 10 years . In the Mining Institute he founded one of the first X-ray laboratories in the USSR as well as the only crystal workshop with a laboratory for measuring crystals and a laboratory for growing crystals for research and teaching. In continuation of Fyodorov's work, he developed a method for determining the chemical composition of minerals from crystal data (1925). He created devices for drawing stereographic projections . The Fyodorov Institute, founded on Boldyrew's initiative at the Mining Institute, became a scientific center for crystallography, mineralogy and petrography, where all the crystallographers of the USSR met. In 1926 he was sent to study abroad for three months to work in X-ray laboratories in Germany and to take part in the 1926 International Geological Congress in Madrid . He also published specialist articles in foreign journals. One of his most famous students was Georgi Borisovich Boki . 1934 Boldyrev was one of the first without defending a dissertation for doctor of geological sciences doctorate.

In 1933 Boldyrew was arrested again and released two months later. He was arrested again on October 7, 1938 and sentenced in July 1939 to five years' exile without losing his rights due to his stay abroad in 1926. It has been suggested that Boldyrew's arrest and conviction resulted from denouncing less successful colleagues. On November 5, 1939, he arrived in Kolyma . Initially, Boldyrew was sent to build the power station in Ust-Taskan in Jagodnoye Raion . From November 18, 1940 he worked as a geologist in the exploration administration of Dalstroi . After his release on October 26, 1943, he became a senior geologist and advisor to the Dalstroi Research Department. In 1945 he received the Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union . Boldyrew was nominated for election as a Real Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1946. He died while driving to Ola on March 25, 1946 . The car collapsed on the ice, drowning the driver. Boldyrew was able to save himself at first, but then froze to death on the way to the next settlement. He was buried in Magadan .

Honors

A street and a square in Magadan and a mountain peak in Magadan Oblast were named after Boldyrew.

In 1949 G. Gagarin and JR Cuomo described a crusty-yellow, mineral deposit on the fumaroles of the Klyuchevsky volcano on the Russian peninsula of Kamchatka , which they named Boldyrevite after Boldyrev . As an independent mineral type, however, Boldyrevite was discredited in 2006 by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), as recent studies showed that it was an imprecisely determined material (presumably impure ralstonite or gearksutite ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Kolyma: Болдырев Анатолий Капитонович (accessed October 24, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b c d e St. Petersburg State Mining University, Department of Mineralogy, Crystallography and Petrography: Анатолий Капитонович БОЛДЫРЕВ (accessed October 24, 2018).
  3. ↑ Большая биографическая энциклопедия: Болдырев, Анатолий Капитонович (accessed October 24, 2018).
  4. ↑ А. К. Болдырев: Основы кристаллографии. Курс лекций, читанных в Ленинградском горном институте в 1924–1925 гг . изд. КУБУЧ, Leningrad 1926.
  5. ↑ А. К. Болдырев: Кристаллография . изд. КУБУЧ, Leningrad 1930.
  6. ↑ А. К. Boldyrev: Cristallografia . Barcelona , Madrid 1934.
  7. ↑ Author collective : Определитель кристаллов. Т. I, 2- я половина . Ред. горно-топл. и геол.-развед. лит., Leningrad, Moscow 1939.
  8. ↑ Collective of authors: Рентгенометрический определитель минералов. Ч.2 . Зап. ЛГИ, Leningrad 1939.
  9. ^ AK Boldyrev: About the crystallographic nomenclature adopted by the Fedorow Institute . In: Journal of Crystallography . tape LXII , no. 1-2 , 1925.
  10. ^ AK Boldyrev: The chemical formulas of Nagyágit . In: Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie . tape 24 , 1924.
  11. ^ Boldyrev AK: On the designation of polymorphic modifications . In: Tschermaks Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen . tape 47 , 1936.
  12. ↑ AK Boldyrev: Are there 47 or 48 simple forms possible on crystals? In: American Mineralogist . tape 21 , no. 11 , 1936.
  13. ^ LJ Spencer: Nineteenth list of new mineral names . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 29 , 1952, pp. 974–998 (English, minersoc.org [PDF; 1.3 MB ; accessed on October 26, 2018]).
  14. ↑ Ernst AJ Burke: A mass descreditation of GQN minerals . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 44 , 2006, pp. 1557–156 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 116 kB ; accessed on October 24, 2018]).
  15. ↑ Mineralienatlas : Boldyrevit (accessed on October 23, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Boldyrew, Anatoly Kapitonowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Болдырев, Анатолий Капитонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian crystallographer, mineralogist, geologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 26, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Graiworon
DATE OF DEATH March 25, 1946
Place of death Magadan Oblast