Gerd Rudolf

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Gerd Rudolf (around 1989)

Gerd Rudolf (born June 12, 1939 in Neunkirchen (Saar) ) is a German psychiatrist , psychosomatic specialist and psychoanalyst . From 1980 he was professor of psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine at the then so-called Klinikum Charlottenburg of the Free University of Berlin (FU) and, later, at the University of Heidelberg . Rudolf played a key role in developing a psychodynamically oriented instrument for diagnosing mental and psychosomatic illnesses, which was published in 1996 under the name Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD).

Professional background

After graduating from college in 1958, Rudolf began studying medicine, which he completed in 1963. In 1964 he received his doctorate . In 1970 he took up a position as an assistant doctor in the clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry in Berlin with Gerhardt Nissen and became a research assistant to Professors Hippius and Helmchen . In 1971 he acquired his specialist certification and completed his psychoanalytic training at the Berlin Institute for Psychotherapy (IfP). In 1976 he was appointed training and control analyst of the German Psychoanalytic Society .

In the following years, Rudolf further qualified and qualified as a professor in 1978. His habilitation thesis was entitled The Psychological and Social-Communicative Findings. Proposal for a standardized recording of neurotic findings and refers to his theoretical interest in objectifying psychodiagnostics . In the early 1990s it found its practical expression in the development of an operationalized procedure.

Parallel to teaching and research at the university, Rudolf was involved in professional associations and professional political organizations as well as in training future psychoanalysts. He received his authorization for further training in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in 1986. After the amendment of the model further training, he was awarded the specialist doctor for psychotherapeutic medicine in 1995 .

Since his retirement in 2006, Rudolf has been involved in teaching in various psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic training institutes. As in his lectures, he repeatedly urges "to be careful when dealing with supposed realities, their assignment and above all their evaluation".

Act

A main focus of Rudolf's professional work was his research contributions . In addition, he turned his interest to psychotherapy and its applications in the outpatient field and in psychiatric and psychosomatic clinics. Among other things, his focus was on diagnostic questions, but also on various functional disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder . In his later years, also under the influence of the results of the neurosciences, he was concerned with questions of the image of man both in psychotherapy and in society.

Free University of Berlin

Westend Clinic in Berlin

In 1977, Rudolf joined Annemarie Dührssen , both at the Institute for Psychogenic Diseases of the AOK and as an assistant professor in the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine at the FU, which was assigned to the Westend Clinic at the time . After completing his habilitation in 1980, he received one of the professorships there for psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine . After the passage of the line vacant was Rudolf took it over in 1985 provisionally until a call was given to the University of Heidelberg.

When the Federal Ministry of Education and Research took over the funding of the research project Berlin Psychotherapy Study, which was carried out at several institutions , he was responsible for project management from 1983. The study was also funded by the German Society for Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Depth Psychology (DGPT), the professional association of psychoanalysts.

University of Heidelberg

Psychosomatic Clinic Heidelberg

In 1989, Rudolf accepted a C4 professorship for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy at the University of Heidelberg and at the same time became managing director of the psychosomatic clinic. He thus succeeded Walter Bräutigam . This first clinic of its kind in Germany was founded in 1950 and initially headed by Alexander Mitscherlich .

In 2006 Rudolf retired. On the occasion of his 70th birthday, his achievements were recognized at a symposium and one of his research projects was particularly highlighted:

"The working group he leads has completed a long-term, multi-center therapy study that has proven that psychoanalytic psychotherapies with a higher number and frequency of hours actually achieve more far-reaching positive effects than less intensive psychotherapies based on depth psychology."

- Annette Tuffs : Heidelberg University Hospital

This study was of particular importance as it provided well-founded arguments to representatives of psychoanalytic procedures in the school dispute that broke out in the so-called Grawe study . The study by Grawe, Donati and Bernauer had unilaterally placed behavior therapy in the foreground as the most effective procedure, but was criticized as methodologically questionable as a result of the disputes.

Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD)

With Rudolf's significant contribution to the development of this diagnostic, semi-standardized procedure, the instrument was based on psychodynamic concepts, but also on elements from cognitive psychology . With the help of five different dimensions , referred to as axes , in a semi-structured interview, “the experience of the illness and the treatment requirements” (axis I), the patient's ability to relate and the associated adjustment disorders (axis II), his inner-mental conflicts (axis III), his personality structure (Axis IV) and the diagnostic classification of his mental and psychosomatic disorders can be determined. Rudolf is responsible for Axis IV (structure) . For this axis, the patient is asked about the ability of the patient to delimit himself internally and externally and about the extent of his ability to perceive and control himself .

Together with other developers, Rudolf founded the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) working group in 1992 , which aims to ensure continuous development and adaptation to newly acquired knowledge.

One of the special features of this diagnostic aid for psychotherapists is the development of a two-part diagnosis. In the OPD, a distinction is made between psychological disorders that are caused by inner- mental or interpersonal conflicts and others that are caused by the personality structure . A distinction is therefore made between a disease diagnosis and a structural diagnosis. This distinction helps to expand the "therapeutic possibilities" and to apply modifications of the psychoanalytic standard method in a theoretically sound manner and tailored to the individual case.

"These issues selbverständlicher part of the therapeutic training and practice in today directive psychotherapy and in-patient treatment. For a significant proportion of severe impaired patients - those with personality disorders , eating disorders , (sic) dependence disorders and self-harm tendencies  -, this approach represents a significant expansion of therapeutic options. [...] The decisive factor is a therapeutic attitude that accepts the patient as he is and does not interpret the relationship difficulties, but takes them seriously in terms of their dysfunctionality and searches for alternatives together with the patient in order to prevent harm. "

- Gerd Rudolf : Notes on structure-related psychotherapy (2014)

In 2018 there were 45 clinical institutions working with this diagnostic tool, 40 of them at clinics and polyclinics in Germany, two each in Austria and Switzerland and one at the Portman Clinic in London.

Psychoanalysis

After a year-long discussion about the future of the teaching content at the Berlin Institute for Psychotherapy (IfP) , a working group separated from the institute and founded its own, which was named Institute for Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (IPB) . The founding members, including Rudolf, intended to return to Freud's roots and thereby distance themselves from Schultz-Hencke's neo -psychoanalysis . In 1984 Rudolf took over the chairmanship and at the same time became head of the working group of the institute at the German Psychoanalytical Society (DPG) until he left Berlin in 1989.

He published his personal analysis of Schultz-Hencke, in whose tradition Rudolf had been trained, in 1988 together with Ulrich Rüger in the book Die Psychoanalyse Schultz-Henckes .

Expert activity

In 1982 Rudolf started working at the Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Examination Questions as an expert in the two fields of psychotherapy and psychosomatics and was thus involved in the assessment of psychotropic drugs.

After he started working at Heidelberg University, Rudolf first became an expert and later a senior expert for psychotherapy at the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians , an expert at the DFG and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Psychotherapy of the German Medical Association and the Federal Chamber of Psychotherapists . Its members are commissioned to review the scientific recognition of psychotherapy procedures. At times he took over the chairmanship of the advisory board.

Publications

Rudolf is the author of numerous books and has published a variety of articles in scientific journals and other compilations. For the years 1954–1994 of the journal for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy he was editor together with Ulrich Rüger. However, it had a different name until 1967, after which it was called the Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychoanalysis for many years and was renamed again in 1999.

Rudolf published his book on Schultz-Hencke at a time when the dispute over one's own analytical roots and their inglorious role in the Nazi era was at its height among many psychoanalysts in Germany. Although Schultz-Henckes was in the crossfire of criticism in this context, Rudolf emphasized his scientific merit, which consisted in the introduction of a so-called intentional phase in the theory of psychoanalytic development .

Later he dealt with the concept of identity in general and the professional role identity of psychotherapists in particular. In the past, psychoanalytical training courses required the candidate to identify with the "right" psychoanalysis and to withstand the dispute over the question of what was right. Today it is important to support the candidates in developing their own personal maturity. This is particularly important when psychotherapists encounter patients with life experiences that are difficult to process. Rudolf dedicated a separate section in his book to his plea for “good therapists instead of correct identities”.

In two publications Rudolf dealt with the influence of social changes on psychotherapy. In 2012, in a journal article, he opposed the ubiquitous spread of the term trauma , which also misled psychotherapists to assign a "victim identity" diagnostically, although it is increasingly proving to be unfounded and counterproductive for the therapeutic process. A “popularization of the term trauma as a synonym for any stress in life” is “unmistakable”. With this assessment, he was able to draw on his extensive experience as an expert in the approval process for funded psychotherapy. In 2015 he wrote under the title How people are a psychoanalytic anthropology and investigated the question of whether human personality development as a lifelong but always fragile process is more likely to be promoted or threatened by the so-called change in values ​​and rapid technological progress - supplemented by his conclusions “Images of man in psychotherapy”.

Fonts (selection)

  • Psychotherapeutic identity (= Franz Resch, Inge Seiffge-Krenke [Hrsg.]: Psychodynamik Kompakt ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-40572-7 ( vr.de [PDF; 283 kB ; accessed on February 13, 2018]).
  • How people are. An anthropology from a psychotherapeutic point of view . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7945-3127-1 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy. Working on conflict, structure and trauma . 2., revised. Edition. Schattauer, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-608-42988-6 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Structure-related psychotherapy. Guide to the psychodynamic therapy of structural disorders . 3rd, revised. and exp. Edition. Schattauer, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-7945-2857-8 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Victim beliefs. The "new disorders". Fascination and difficulty . In: Forum Psychoanal. tape 28 , 2012, p. 359-372 .
  • Neural plasticity and psychosomatics (2) . In: Reinhold Haux, Axel W. Bauer , Wolfgang Eich, Wolfgang Herzog , Johann Caspar Rüegg, Jürgen Windeler (eds.): Science in medicine. Part 2. Physiology and Psychosomatics. Attempts at approximation (=  bridges ... writings on interdisciplinarity . Volume 4 ). VAS, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 978-3-88864-249-4 , p. 121-130 .
  • Diagnosis of structural disorders . In: Gerhard Schneider, Günter H. Seidler (Hrsg.): Internalization and structure formation. Theoretical perspectives and clinical applications in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1995, ISBN 3-531-12750-0 , pp. 313-328 .
  • Diseases in the border area between neurosis and psychosis. A contribution to the psychopathology of the I experience and interpersonal relationships . German Studienverlag, Weinheim 1987, ISBN 978-3-89271-048-6 (first edition: Verlag für Medical Psychologie in Verlag Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1977).
  • with Ulrich Rüger: Psychotherapy in social responsibility. Annemarie Dührssen and the development of psychotherapy . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-7945-3215-5 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • with Michael Stasch, Tilman Grande, Paul Janssen, Claudia Oberbracht: OPD-2 in the psychotherapy application. Psychodynamic diagnosis and case formulation . Huber, Bern 2014, ISBN 978-3-456-85316-1 .
  • with Peter Henningsen: Psychotherapeutic medicine and psychosomatics. An introductory textbook on a psychodynamic basis . 7., revised. Edition. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York 2013, ISBN 978-3-13-125177-0 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • with T. Jacobsen, W. Keller, B. Krawietz et al .: Restructuring as an outcome paradigm in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Results from the practical study on analytical long-term therapy . In: Z. Psychosom. Med. Psychother . tape 51 , 2012, p. 55-66 .
  • with Tilman Grande, Peter Henningsen (eds.): The structure of personality. Theoretical foundations for the psychodynamic therapy of structural disorders . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7945-6492-7 ( limited preview in Google book search [accessed on March 23, 2018]).
  • with Ulrich Rüger (ed.): The psychoanalysis Schultz-Henckes . Thieme, Stuttgart, New York 1988, ISBN 978-3-13-703401-8 .

Awards

  • 2004 Heigl Prize

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Despite almost the same name and appearance, not to be confused with the physicist Gerd Rudolph. See: Prof. Dr. Gerd Rudolph. In: University of Leipzig. Faculty for Physics and Earth Sciences. Institute for Theoretical Physics. Retrieved February 11, 2018 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Prof. Dr. Gerd Rudolf. Psychotherapy, psychosomatics, people. Retrieved February 11, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Working group for the operationalization of psychodynamic diagnostics (ed.): Operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics. Basics and manual . 1st edition. Huber, Bern, Göttingen, Toronto, Seattle 1996, ISBN 978-3-456-82730-8 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Vita Prof. Dr. Gerd Rudolf. Retrieved February 12, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c books. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Gerd Rudolf: Advantages and Risks of Classification. (PDF; 80 KB) Lecture as part of the 52nd Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks. April 22, 2002, accessed February 13, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Rudolf suggests looking for answers to seven significant questions as part of the diagnostic process:
    • "Which unconscious conflicts are life-determining for this patient?"
    • "Which structural impairments make it difficult for him to deal with himself and others?"
    • "What pattern of defense does the patient use to maintain his inner balance?"
    • "Through which neurotic coping patterns does he create a balance in his self-awareness and his relationship building?"
    • "Which biographical patterns of experience can be seen in the background of current psychodynamic events?"
    • "To what extent are traumatic stresses sprinkled into the personality structure, which the personality could not integrate?"
    • "What current developmental tasks does this individual patient face now, and which dispositions prevent them from resolving them and thus developing personally?"
    Gerd Rudolf: The emergence of psychogenic disorders: an integrative model . In: Practice of child psychology and child psychiatry . tape 49 , no. 5 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000, p. 351–366 ( psycharchives.de [PDF; 350 kB ; accessed on March 23, 2018] citations p. 364–365).
  7. ↑ For example
    • Gerd Rudolf: Psychotherapeutic Identity . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-40572-7 .
    • Gerd Rudolf: How people are. An anthropology from a psychotherapeutic point of view . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7945-3127-1 .
  8. ↑ Institute for Psychogenic Diseases. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .
  9. ^ History of Psychosomatics in Heidelberg. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 24, 2018 ; accessed on March 24, 2018 .
  10. ↑ a b c Annette Tuffs: The Heidelberg psychosomatic professor Dr. Gerd Rudolf is 70 years old. In: Heidelberg University Hospital. Press and public relations. December 9, 2009, accessed February 11, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Claudia Heckrath, Paul Dohmen: History repeats itself also in psychotherapy research? In: Volker Tschuschke , Claudia Heckrath, Wolfgang Tress (eds.): Between confusion and waste. On the value of the Bern psychotherapy study by Grawe, Bernauer and Donati . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 978-3-525-45801-3 , p. 25-39 .
  12. ↑ Introduction: From the OPD-1 to the OPD-2. (No longer available online.) In: Operationalisiert Psychodynamische Diagnostik. Working group OPD, archived from the original on August 14, 2007 ; accessed on March 20, 2018 .
  13. ^ A b Gerd Rudolf: Notes on structure-related psychotherapy. September 14, 2014, accessed March 23, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Links to cooperating institutions. (No longer available online.) Working group Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD), archived from the original on April 16, 2018 ; accessed on February 26, 2018 .
  15. ^ Institute for Psychoanalysis, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Berlin. Retrieved February 11, 2018 .
  16. ^ Perspectives on psychodynamic psychotherapy. In: Scientific conference on the occasion of the 70th birthday of Prof. G. Rudolf. Heidelberg University Hospital, 2009, accessed on February 11, 2018 .
  17. ^ Articles in magazines and books. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Karen Brecht, Volker Friedrich, Ludger M. Hermanns, Isidor J. Kaminer, Dierk H. Juelich (eds.): "Here life goes on in a very strange way ...". On the history of psychoanalysis in Germany . To add a name register Edition. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8379-2029-1 (Original title: "Here life goes on in a very strange way ...". On the history of psychoanalysis in Germany. Catalog and collection of materials for the exhibition on the occasion of the 34th Congress of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPV) in Hamburg from July 28th to August 2nd, 1985. First edition: Kellner, Hamburg 1985).
  19. ↑ Regine Lockot: Remembering and working through. On the history of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy under National Socialism (=  library of psychoanalysis ). Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2002, ISBN 978-3-89806-171-1 (first edition: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1985).
  20. ↑ Gerd Rudolf: Psychotherapeutic identity (= Franz Resch, Inge Seiffge-Krenke [Hrsg.]: Psychodynamik Kompakt ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-40572-7 , p. 59 ff . ( vr.de [PDF; 283 kB ; accessed on February 13, 2018]).
  21. ↑ Gerd Rudolf: Victim convictions. The "new disorders". Fascination and difficulty . In: Forum Psychoanal. tape 28 , 2012, p. 359-372 .
  22. ↑ Publications. Current. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .
  23. ↑ Gerd Rudolf: How people are. An anthropology from a psychotherapeutic point of view . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7945-3127-1 , pp. 253 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  24. ↑ The Heigl Foundation Prize has been awarded since 2004.
    Heigl Prize. In: Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf. Retrieved February 13, 2018 . Marion Gottlob: Psychotherapist Gerd Rudolf publishes new book. In: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung . October 2, 2015, accessed February 13, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Rudolf, Gerd
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist, psychosomatist and psychoanalyst
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH Neunkirchen (Saar)