Glossary of Anime and Manga Terms

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This list collects terms that are used for and / or in anime and manga or are related to them. This does not affect general Japanese words and idioms, as well as cultural terms (such as kawaii , senpai etc.) and general terms from the field of film and television .

Common Terms

  • Anime : refers to cartoons and series produced in Japan . In Japan itself, anime stands for all types of animated films, for those produced in their own country as well as for imported ones.
  • Ahegao : refers to an exaggeratedly drawn / animated facial expression of mostly female characters in pornographic mangas / animes / computer games.
  • Artbook : Merchandising products for animes, mangas or video games, in which colored motifs or previously unpublished drawings for the respective series are published.
  • Etchi : describes indecent presentation of sexuality. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Fanservice : refers to elements that do not contribute to the development of the plot, but are simply intended to please the audience. These are, for example, key sexual stimuli , excessive violence, hidden details or references to other works.
  • Guro : grotesque subjects are dealt with. These are, for example, violence, scenes of torture or brutality.
  • Harem : the protagonist of the plot is surrounded by several or even a multitude of other characters of the opposite sex . This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Hentai (Eng. "Abnormality, perversion"): one describes pornographic manga and anime outside the Japanese-speaking world . In addition, it can be used to describe a perverse character type.
  • Lolicon , is an abbreviation of the term Lolita complex and describes the unambiguously sexual representations of fictional underage girls with an apparent age of 8 to 13 years as well as the sexual fixation on it, although the age indicated in the plot can be far higher.
  • Magical Girl (Eng. "Magical girl"): a youthful, female character ( Bishōjo ), who gains supernatural powers through a special object and whose fate it is to fight against dark forces. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Manga : is the Japanese term for comics . Outside of Japan it usually refers to comics originating exclusively from Japan, but it is also used elsewhere to denote non-Japanese comics with Manga style elements. A clear demarcation of Manga by style features rather than by origin is not possible because of the great formal diversity of the medium in Japan. Based on and differentiated from the Japanese manga, comics from South Korea are referred to as Manhwa and comics from the Chinese region as Manhua .
  • Manga-Magazin : Magazine in which individual chapters of Japanese comic series ( Manga ) are published at regular intervals .
  • Mangaka : Person who draws manga.
  • Mecha , giant robot.
  • Omake , extra material in an anime or manga
  • Original Net Animation (also web anime, ONA for short): refers to anime that were first published on the Internet .
  • Original Video Animation (OVA for short): refers to anime that, in contrast to movies and television series, are produced from the outset exclusively for publication for the video market. DVDs that are published as supplements to manga volumes are called OAD ( Original Animation DVD ).
  • Raw version of a manga that has mostly not yet been translated into any language.
  • Seiyū , Japanese anime narrator
  • Slice of Life : is an excerpt from the everyday life of a person or a fictional character and relates to the representation of everyday situations. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Shotacon : describes the fixation on cute underage boys.
  • Shōnen Ai : love and romance between male characters. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Yaoi : like Shōnen Ai, but usually also has a sexual relationship with the topic. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Yuri : Love and romance between female characters. This representation is often a genre of its own in anime and manga.
  • Yonkoma : Japanese manga format that depicts a self-contained, often funny plot in four panels .

Currents

  • Alternative Manga : Mangas that are not published in the major manga magazines and that are not subordinate to the styles and genres common in the medium.
  • Underground manga, offer that specifically sets itself apart from commercial offers.
  • Gekiga : denotes a manga movement in Japan that wanted to stand out from the term manga , which was considered unsuitable for more serious stories , similar to the term graphic novel later in the USA.

Traits

  • Ahoge: hair, of a character that stands in a different direction to the other hairs.
  • Bishōjo : (Eng. "Beautiful girl") is the Japanese name for the ideal typical image of a beautiful young woman.
  • Bishōnen : (Eng. "Beautiful boy") is the Japanese name for the ideal image of a beautiful young man.
  • Chibi : describes the representation of characters in childlike form.
  • Futanari : Characters have both male and female sexual characteristics, such as vulva and penis ( androgyny ).
  • Kemonomimi (also Kemomimi): are human-made figures with characteristics of animals.
  • Dojikko : is usually a female character archetype who is characterized by extreme clumsiness ( doji ).
  • Kemono (Eng. "Wild animal"): denotes animal-like characters that are shown in human environments and situations. However, the style is also used in other Japanese art forms.
  • Meganekko : refers to a girl wearing glasses.
  • Moe : is a Japanese slang term for affection for characters in video games, manga, or anime . The term often occurs in connection with stereotypical features. For example, 眼鏡 っ 娘 えmeg ( meganekko-moe , glasses girl-moe ) describes the ability to find characters with glasses (see also: Meganekko ) attractive.
  • Pettanko : often a derogatory term for a flat-chested woman.
  • Tsundere : describes a mostly female character type who is characterized by a bitchy and contentious manner, but behaves reserved and lovable under certain circumstances, for example when he or she is alone with someone.
  • Yandere : refers to a mostly female character type who feels a strong affection for another person, but often falls into a psychotic state later , mostly from unrequited or disappointed love . In this state it is not uncommon for violence to occur until the affected character becomes a murderer or commits suicide.

Demographics and target groups

Fandom and culture

  • Anime Music Video (short: AMV): Music video that has been created with the help of anime scenes and is mostly published on web video platforms.
  • Aniparo: is a term for anime characters that are parodied by fans. It's a suitcase word on anime and parody .
  • Con-Hon : Term for small books with blank pages. Similar to poetry albums , these are passed around among friends or at anime conventions with the request to draw in small pictures, mostly in the manga style , or to write sayings and greetings.
  • Cosplay : a character is represented as faithfully as possible by wearing a costume and behaving accordingly.
  • Dakimakura (Eng. "Hugging pillow "): is a special form of a pillow that was developed in Japan , on whose characters from anime and manga are printed.
  • Dōjinshi : Mangas that were self-published by non-professional cartoonists, similar to fanzines .
  • Fandub : is a fan-dubbed version of an anime.
  • Fansub : is a fan-made subtitle of an anime.
  • Fudanshi : male fan of Yaoi
  • Fujoshi : female fan of Yaoi
  • Itasha : refers to vehicles whose body parts are provided with drawings of fictional characters from animes , manga or computer games (especially Bishōjo games )
  • Manga Kissa (also Manga Cafes): are establishments in Japan that resemble a mixture of café and library. In addition to manga for reading on site, they also offer numerous amenities, in particular Internet access , multimedia entertainment and game consoles . See also: Cosplay restaurant .
  • Otaku : Fans who devote a great deal of time and money to their passion for consuming anime, manga and video games and who pursue it with great passion. It is used similar to the English words nerd or geek .
  • Waifu : female fictional character with whom a special relationship or fan love is cultivated. The male counterpart is called a Husbando.
  • Zettai Ryōiki : the area of ​​skin between a mini skirt or shorts and stockings or this clothing combination

Genres

Style elements

Related media

The following media refer to works that contribute to the development of anime and manga, are often an adaptation of these or contain many stylistic elements of manga and anime .

  • Dorama , Japanese television series. Some are based on anime or manga or were implemented later than these.
  • Eroge : Japanese video or computer games with erotic and pornographic content.
  • Galge : Japanese computer game that requires action with attractive female characters.
  • Otome Game : a computer game that is aimed at young women and girls as a target group and the aim of which is to create a romantic relationship between the female protagonist and one or more male characters in the game.
  • Light Novel : Japanese novels for young adults. Some of them were implemented as manga or anime.
  • Ren'ai simulation : Computer game with the aim of building a love affair with usually one of several game characters .
  • Visual novel : refers to Japanese adventures, which are mostly text adventures with the use of still images.

See also

Web links