Gołuchów

Gołuchów
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Greater Poland
Powiat :	Pleszew
Geographic location :	51 ° 51 ′ N , 17 ° 56 ′ E Coordinates: 51 ° 51 ′ 0 ″ N , 17 ° 56 ′ 0 ″ E
Height :	120 m npm
Residents :	2178 (Jan 10, 2005)
Postal code :	63-322
Telephone code :	(+48) 62
License plate :	PPL
Economy and Transport
Next international airport :	Poznan Lawica
Gmina
Gminatype:	Rural community
Gmina structure:	22 school authorities
Surface:	135.45 km²
Residents:	10,758 ; (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density :	79 inhabitants / km²
Community number ( GUS ):	3020052
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor :	Marek Zdunek
Address:	; ul.Lipowa 1 63-322 Gołuchów
Website :	www.goluchow.pl
	; ;

Gołuchów [ gɔ'wuxuf ] ( German Goluchow , 1939–1943 Goldenau , 1943–1945 Goldenacker ) is a village in western Poland and the seat of the rural community of the same name ( gmina wiejska ). It is located about 100 km southeast of Poznan and 20 km northwest of Kalisz in the Greater Poland Voivodeship and belongs to the Powiat Pleszewski .

history

Archaeological finds from the municipality indicate an uninterrupted settlement of the place for 2500 years. From the 10th century onwards, the area was part of the heartland of Poland under the Piasts .

The first documented mention of the church in the village of Gołuchów dates back to 1348. In 1507, the important noble family of Leszczyński acquired the place where Rafał Leszczyński built the monumental castle as a residence and hunting lodge from 1550. In 1555 a meeting of Polish Calvinists and Bohemian Brothers took place in Gołuchów , who from the 17th century sought refuge from religious persecution in Greater Poland .

View of the inner courtyard of Gołuchów Palace

With the sale of the chateau by the Leszczyński in 1695, the town began to decline temporarily. The castle changed hands several times in the following century and a half; Gołuchów came under Prussian rule as a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 and was located directly on the border with Russia from 1815 . In 1856 Count Tytus Działyński acquired the castle as a residence for his son Jan Działyński and his wife Elżbieta Czartoryska (called Izabella), the daughter of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski . In connection with the emigration of Jan Działyński, who financed and organized the Polish January uprising of 1863/1864 in Greater Poland , the property subsequently passed into the possession of the Princes Czartoryski , and Izabella directed the fundamental restoration of the buildings and the building from 1875 to 1885 Landscape parks.

After the reestablishment of the Polish state in 1918, the castle remained in the possession of the Czartoryski family until 1945. The National Museum in Poznan has been the owner since 1951 , and the castle is still in operation today as a branch.

Attractions

The castle in the middle of the landscape park

The main attraction in Gołuchów is the ensemble of palace, museum and park, which in terms of its architectural and national historical importance is comparable to similar historical building complexes in Greater Poland, such as Rogalin , Kórnik , Śmiełów and Rydzyna . In addition, Gołuchów was owned by three extremely important Polish noble families .

lock

Farm building of the castle

The castle, a right-angled fortification with corner towers, is a complex from the heyday of the Renaissance and was built between 1550 and 1560 under the leadership of Rafał Leszczyński (voivode in Kujawy ) as an extension of an already existing aristocratic residence. Between 1600 and 1619 his son Wacław Leszczyński (voivode in Kalisz and Polish Grand Chancellor ) added Mannerist style elements, such as the typical arcade lining of the inner courtyard.

park

The landscape park is essentially a 19th century creation. It was designed by the Polish landscape architect Adam Kubaszewski based on the ideas of Count Jan Działyński. The restoration of the palace by Izabella Czartoryska between 1875 and 1885 was carried out with the inclusion of the parks on the basis of adapted plans by the French builder Eugène Viollet-le-Duc and the Polish architect Zygmunt Gorgolewski under the direction of the French Maurice Auguste Ouradou . The most noticeable change must be the opening of the inner courtyard towards the park, where the mausoleum for Izabella Czartoryska, who died in 1899, is one of the sights. There is also a display enclosure with bison .

museum

As part of the Poznan National Museum, the castle is open to visitors. The collections include modern European art as well as antique showpieces (especially Greek vases) owned by Działyński and Czartoryski, some of them from the Hôtel Lambert in Paris . Until 1939 Castle Gołuchów was one of the largest private museums in Europe, the collections could during the annexation by the German Reich from the 1939-1945 National Socialists be saved.

local community

The rural community ( gmina wiejska ) Gołuchów consists of the main town of the same name and the following 19 districts with a Schulzenamt ( solectwo ) :

Surname	German name (1815-1919)	German name (1939-1945)
Bielawy	Bielawy	bleaching
Boguslaw	Boguslaw	Bogenau
Bogusławice	Boguslawice	Kleinbogenau
Borczysko	Borczysko	before 1920 Congress Poland, 1939–1945 Kalisch district
Cieśle	Ciesle	Schreinersdorf
Czechel	Czechel 1906–1919 Hope Valley	Hope Valley
Czerminek	Czerminek	Friedrichseck
Gołuchów	Golukhov	1939–1943 Goldenau 1943–1945 Goldenacker
Jedlec	Jedlec	Falkenhorst
Kayev	Kayev	Poplarau
Karsy	Bismarksdorf	Bismarcksdorf
Kościelna Wieś	Koscielna Wies	Kirchdorf, before 1920 Congress Poland, 1939–1945 District Kalisch
Krzywosądów	Krzywosondowo 1907-1919 Kreisau	Kreisau
Kucharki	Kucharki 1913-1919 Moltke's fame	Moltke's fame
Kuchary	Kuchary	Border village
Macew	Macew	pasture
Pleszówka	Pleszowka	Plessen
Popówek	Popowek	Prossen
Szkudla	Szkudla 1906-1919 Schkudla	Alder break
Tursko	Tursko	Turk field
Wszołów	Scholow	Sloes
Żychlin	Luisenhof	Luisenhof