Lautenthal's luck pit
| Lautenthal luck | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
|||
| Funding / total | 4.2 million tons of ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | before 1596 | ||
| End of operation | 1957 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lead luster / zinc cover | ||
| Greatest depth | approx. 1000 m | ||
| Degradation of | Zinc cover | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 51 '51 " N , 10 ° 16' 57" E | ||
|
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| Location | Lautenthal | ||
| local community | Langelsheim | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Mining Inspection Lautenthal | ||
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The Lautenthals Glück pit (historically also Lautenthalsglück ) was an ore mine in Lautenthal in the Upper Harz in Lower Saxony . Today it is a visitor mine . The name of the mine comes from the great wealth of ore that brought prosperity and "luck" to the formerly free mountain town of Lautenthal over several centuries.
Geology, deposit, mineralogy
The mine field lies on the Lautenthaler Gangzug , an Upper Harz corridor system that extends from Seesen in an east-southeast direction via Lautenthal to Hahnenklee . From the west of the Innerste am Bromberg to around the former east shaft , the passage train was worth building over a length of almost 2000 m . The gait consisted mainly of silver-containing galena and zinc blende , the gait of calcite and quartz . Compared to other West Harz deposits , an above-average amount of zinc ore occurred even at a shallow depth . Greywacke is the side rock .
Pit building
The actual Lautenthalsglück mine emerged from the St. Thomas mine field (also known as the Sachsenzeche ). In the period that followed, a network of the mining fields (from west to east) Princess-Auguste-Caroline (west of the Innerste), Grube Güte des Herr , St. Thomas , Maassen and Schwarze Grube (formerly St. Jakob ) was created.
The mine building was open over several day and blind shafts on the Kranichsberg, of which the Güte-des-Herrner- Richtschacht , the Neue Förderschacht , the Maaßener Kunstschacht , the Schwarze-Grubener-Schacht and the Ostschacht were the most important. The 1 km long deep Saxony tunnel , which was excavated between 1549 and 1612 , connected the pits at the level of the Innerstetal and ensured natural drainage of the pits up to the connection with the Ernst August tunnel (1880, 160 m below). The mouth hole of the Tiefen Sachsen tunnel was located on the site of today's visitor mine and is broken.
The ores were raised to the level of the so-called Hundslauf running halfway up the mountain . This was a kind of mine railway that was connected to the shafts via short tunnels and ended at the ore processing .
history
Modern times
The mining of Lautenthal was first mentioned in a document in the Berg Freiheit of 1596. The Brunswick Duke Heinrich Julius grants Lautenthal special rights as a free mining town . On a copper engraving from 1606 the predecessor mine “St. Jacob ”.
In 1681 the Lautenthalsglück pit field was awarded . During the alignment phase in the first few years, large additional fees had to be paid. From 1685 yield was then paid continuously until the 19th century . In memory of the rich yield were Ausbeutetaler coined.
During the operating time, the efficiency of the mine was continuously improved and kept up to date. An elaborate system of ditches, ponds and water wheels to drive the pumps and conveyor systems was created. For the first time in 1849 intraday a water column machine in the alignment shaft goodness of the Lord for lifting the mine waters put into operation. The impact water was brought in through the 8 km long Lautenthaler Kunstgraben, which was built around 1570, from the Innerste and from the 13-Lachter tunnel in Wildemann .
20th century
In 1909, the modernization culminated in the depth of the "new conveyor shaft", which was located in the adjacent rock and replaced the old inclined shafts that followed the collapse of the ore vein (" ton-length "). It is a blind shaft, ie it has no shaft opening above days and no winding tower , but was reached via a conveyor tunnel in the mountainside. The promotion first served an electrical carrier and conveyor frames for car production. The east shaft was added as a modern day shaft in 1914 .
In the last phase of operation ranging mines through another blind shaft up to a depth of around 1000 m, where the transition gradually vertaubte.
The ores were initially in Pochwerken processed at the core. A lot of manual work was required on the sorting tables to separate the dead rock from the useful mineral . At the same time as the new conveyor shaft , a more modern, automated processing was built on the slope of the Kranichsberg .
The ore concentrate was processed into lead and silver in the Lautenthaler Silberhütte, which was operated until 1967 . Zinc could only be made technically usable from 1880 and has therefore only been extracted as ore since then. The "old" threw the "cover" onto the spoil dump .
End of funding
The mining ended in several stages. In June 1930 the operation of the pits in Lautenthal and Bockswiese was officially closed for economic reasons. In fact, this initially meant shedding the structures beneath the Ernst-August-Stollen (from 1935) and the associated termination of the drainage. Since then these structures have been under water. Until 1945, gleaning mining on zinc blende was still carried out in the upper part of the mine . In processing, Preussag carried out pilot tests for flotation (= foam-float process) of the Rammelsberg ores in the 1930s .
Investigations were carried out again between 1945 and 1956. At the level of the Ernst-August-Stollen, a stretch was driven west to Sternplatz and one south to Hüttschenthal . The latter was supposed to be used to explore the Bockswieser Gangzug running there . After no economically viable ore deposits were found, the mine was abandoned and the daily openings were closed.
Up until the 1970s, the old dumps were cleared and the remaining zinc ore was processed in the Grund ore mine to produce a concentrate.
Technical tracks and mining museum
The daytime facilities of the mine were located in the Innerstetal on Wildemanner Straße at the exit towards Wildemann. Today a mine house converted into a residential building and the building of the former power station are preserved. To the south is the mining museum of the same name with its visitors' mine, which leads into the daily cross-cut of the new conveyor shaft . The mouth holes of the Güte-des-Herrner-Tagesstollen and the daily cross-cut from the new conveyor shaft , which serves as the entrance to the visitor mine, are located on the museum grounds .
A special feature of the show mine is the reconstruction of the historically documented, underground ore transport with boats. A 110 m long route can be traveled with a faithfully reproduced ore boat.
The Mining and History Association Bergstadt Lautenthal from 1976 eV set up a mining educational trail on the Kranichsberg . This touches various remains or shows the locations of the Lautenthaler pits, which are explained with boards. Some tunnel mouth holes were reconstructed, a functional model of a water wheel and a driving skill were built and, for example, the sand trap of the former water column machine at the Güte-des-Herrner-Richtschacht exposed.
Above that is the Maaßener Gaipel restaurant on the site of the former Maaßener Schacht . The operating building of the east shaft with the adjacent entrance tunnel has been preserved, but is on private property. The mine shaft, which is still open and accessible via the mining museum, forms the only remaining access to the Ernst-August-tunnel next to the mouth hole in Gittelde . The preserved electric winder is one of the oldest of its kind, but is not shown on the normal visitor route.
literature
- Torsten Schröpfer: Treasure trove: Interesting facts about the West Harz mining and metallurgy . 1st edition. Pieper, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2000, ISBN 3-923605-08-0 .
- Herbert Sperling, Dieter Stoppel: Course map of the Upper Harz . Swiss beard, Stuttgart 1981.
- Klaus Stedingk: Lautenthal: Mountain town in the Upper Harz . Mining and metallurgical history. Bergwerks- und Geschichtsverein Bergstadt Lautenthal from 1976, Lautenthal 2002, ISBN 3-00-009504-7 .
- Mathias Döring, Manfred Hädicke: Water - energy source of the Lautenthaler Bergbau , In: Lautenthal FBL, Goslar 2002, 163-196. ISBN 3-00-009504-7 .
- Mathias Döring, Horst Söchtig: The Lautenthaler water column machines , In: Lautenthal FBL, Goslar 2002, 197-206. ISBN 3-00-009504-7 .
- Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . 3rd completely revised and expanded edition. Springer, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 , 12 - The mining of Lautenthal, p. 227-232 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerhard Welter : The coins of the Guelphs since Heinrich the Lion. With synoptic plates and mintmaster's mark. 3 volumes, Klinkhardt & Biermann, Braunschweig 1971–1978; Volume 2, p. 25
