Pit goodness of the lord
| Pit goodness of the lord | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Construction of benchs and ridges | ||
| Funding / year | up to 5250 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Preussag AG Metall | ||
| Employees | 64 (1817) | ||
| Start of operation | 1691 | ||
| End of operation | 1817 | ||
| Successor use | → Lautenthal's luck pit | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of |
Lead luster zinc blende copper pebbles |
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| Greatest depth | 380 m (under the deep Saxony tunnel) | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 51 '55 " N , 10 ° 17' 3" E | ||
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| Location | Wildemanner Strasse 11 | ||
| local community | Langelsheim | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Upper Harz Gangerzrevier, Lautenthal mining inspection | ||
The Güte des Herr pit was a lead and silver mine in the Upper Harz Gangerzrevier . It was located immediately to the east of Wildemanner Straße ( L 515 ) and the innermost one on the slope of the Kranichsberg near the current mining museum Grube Lautenthals Glück in Lautenthal , a district of Langelsheim .
The mine became famous for its silver coinage from 1740.
geology
The Güte des Herr pit was built on the easternmost part of the Lautenthaler ore material from the Lautenthaler Gangzug , a hydrothermal vein structure in the north-western Upper Harz . The lode was in the former mining town of Lautenthal a striking distance of almost two kilometers and in some places up to a depth of over 600 meters workable sulphide , silver-bearing lead and zinc minerals mineralized . The ore was located in an area between the Bromberger Schacht in the west and the Duke Ferdinand Albrecht pit in the east. The Bydgoszcz ore was separated from the Lautenthal ore under the Kranichsberg by a 100-meter-long dodging zone directly under the bed of the Innerste.
History and technology
Predecessor mining
The mining in Lautenthal began in a document around the year 1530 and in this connection a previous 100-year downtime was reported. It is likely that the dike outcrops on the Kranichsberg were searched for in the early Middle Ages in order to extract silver ore near the surface.
Around 1551, the Sachsenzeche was mentioned at the site of the later Goodness of the Lord mine . Towards the middle of the 17th century , for reasons that are no longer comprehensible today, there was a crisis in Lautenthal mining and some operations were closed. A new upswing began in 1681 with the establishment of the neighboring Lautenthals Glück mine.
Operation of the Goodness of the Lord pit from 1691 to 1817
The ceremony of the pit goodness of the Lord in the former Berechtsame the Saxony mine took place on 14 March 1691. From 1692 to 1697 the were mine field in the hanging wall and footwall extended and unsuccessful search works by two to four miners performed.
Subsequently, operations were suspended until 1729. In that year the field was re-awarded with the participation of the Braunschweigisch-Wolfenbüttel state (Communion-Oberharz). Renewed investigations of the Ganges finally led to an ore find in 1734. For the first time in the year 1735, a production of 5.5 to 8.5 tons of ore per week is documented, which was produced by a total of 9 miners. The ore was first over the Maaßener drive shaft of the mine Lautenthals happiness and from 1736 through the evening Sterner shaft or the depths Saxony tunnel to day promoted as the pit goodness of the Lord at that time not have its own bay possessed. Between 1736 and 1759 increased promotion of 28 to 105 tons of ore of the same staff grew from 14 to 53 man. Between 1740 and 1769 a yield of up to 12 Talers per mountain quarter and Kuxe could be paid. The financial basis now allowed the sinking of a day shaft (construction period: 1747 to 1751), which in 1755 had a depth of 166 meters. The slot starting point was due to the steep slope of the western mountain crane outside its own field Berechtsame blessing of God .
As early as 1758, the ore quarries deteriorated again, as a result of which both the number of employees and the amount of funding fell to half of the previous years. The shaft was sunk further and in 1766 was already 226 meters deep. From 1772 to 1774 an additional fine was levied by the trades . At the same time, the quality of the ore deposits opened up improved again, so that a yield was paid out again from 1774 to 1776. In 1780 the workforce was 39 miners and the annual production was 2900 tons. From 1781 additional fines were demanded again. In the period from 1790 to 1794, around 40 people mined between 1690 and 2000 tons of ore annually. The drive shaft reached its greatest recorded depth of 290 meters.
In the years 1795 to 1798 1050 to 1170 tons were mined annually and around 30 miners were created, from 1799 to 1805 the annual output for 26 to 29 workers fluctuated between 1400 and 1750 tons. In 1808 the mechanical equipment of the Güte des Herr shaft was specified with a turning wheel hoisting machine and two surface artificial wheels for dewatering . The impact water for the 8.7 meter diameter water wheels was brought in via the Lautenthaler Kunstgraben , which drew its water from the Innerste near Wildemann , the 13-Lachter-tunnel and the Himmlisch-Heerzug-tunnel . The daytime facilities of the mine were vividly illustrated on a steel engraving by Wilhelm Ripe from 1855.
From 1810 to 1817 the amount of ore mined rose to 4550 to 4900 tons annually. On October 1, 1817, it was merged with the Lautenthals Glück mine. At that time, 64 miners were working on the Lord's goodness mine.
Continued operation of the Güte des Herr mine as an operations department of the Lautenthals Glück mine from 1817 to 1930
→ Main article: Lautenthals Glück mine
After the end of the Napoleonic wars , metal prices fell, which in the following years were more and more freely negotiated on European markets. As a result, the entire Harz mining industry came under economic pressure. For the Lautenthaler Revier and the Güte des Herr pit, this had the consequence that the last private trades withdrew. So the mine and all other mines were connected to the Lautenthals Glück mine, which was now run under state control. Due to the consolidation of the Lautenthal mining industry and subsequent modernization, it was possible to avert the threat of closure.
As in the other Maaßen and Schwarze Grube departments, the ores were extracted from the company's own old drifting shaft with a length of tons. They were raised to the level of the Tiefen Sachsenstollen and spent in this for days. An inclined elevator was used to lift the conveyance into the crushing and separating houses of the Lautenthaler processing plant north of the mine on the slope . The mining penetrated to a depth of up to the 13th level and thus up to 380 meters below the deep Saxony tunnel.
The mine had to struggle with considerable water problems, as Lautenthal, unlike the districts in Clausthal, Zellerfeld and Wildemann, did not yet have a deep water solution tunnel driven from the edge of the Harz . The pit water was lifted by means of two artificial wheels to the old Tiefen Wasserstollen (about 130 meters below the Tiefen Sachsenstollen) and then from the main drainage in the Maaßener Kunstschacht to the Tiefen Sachsenstollen, which after almost 300 years still took on the task of draining water above ground. This required 50 pump sets in the artificial shaft , which were kept running by four artificial wheels with frequent malfunctions. That is why the Royal Hanover Mining Administration decided to sink a new, central drainage shaft in the Goodness of the Lord field. This so-called Richtschacht was one of the first seigeren shafts in the Harz Mountains and the first in the area. For the execution including the machines and new saddle ditches 70,000 thalers were estimated. The construction period lasted from 1839 to 1849. With a diameter of 12.8 meters and an output of 15 hp, the turning wheel of this shaft was the largest in the area. After 1873 it was converted into an artificial bike and powered machines in the preparation process via a cable transmission . An underground, 50 HP strong water column machine was installed in the straightening shaft , which lifted water from the underground structures to the deep water section and thus relieved the artificial shaft. From 1866 to 1867 was second deepest water path 120 meters below the old ascended and incorporated a further water column machine (110 hp) 1871st The two machines now pumped the pit water to each other in two sets. As carrier one was steam engine installed.
As early as 1880 there were renewed difficulties in dealing with the incoming pit water. A permanent solution finally brought the completion of the Lautenthaler wing site of the Ernst-August-Stollen in 1892. The older water column machine could then be thrown off and the deep Sachsenstollen lost its importance. In the course of the further modernization of Lautenthal mining, a new Seiger central shaft was sunk in the adjacent rock from 1905 to 1909, as in the other Upper Harz mining areas. This got an electric winder . As a result, the old drift shafts could gradually be shut down. The Goodness of the Lord shaft was filled from 1912 to 1913 . On July 19, 1913, the Gaipel of the mine fell victim to a fire. Along with the electricity, powerful centrifugal pumps for dewatering were introduced, which were installed in a pump chamber of the new delivery shaft. As a result, the last water column machine in the straightening shaft was taken out of service in 1910.
With the cessation of underground work in the Lautenthals Glück mine (from 1923 ore mine Lautenthal ) below the Ernst-August-Stollen on August 1, 1931, mining in the area of the former Güte des Herr pit was abandoned. In 1932 the execution shaft was kept.
The exploitation of the pit goodness of the Lord
Two exploitation thalers, also known as redeemers , were made from the silver of the pit of the Lord's goodness . The first was commissioned by Duke Karl I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg on the occasion of the first exploitation payment to the trades in the Reminiscere quarter of 1740 in the Zellerfeld mint . The back of the coin ( reverse ) is decorated with the stately coat of arms, flanked by two "wild men". On the front ( obverse ) there is a mining motif with a tunnel mouth hole , trolley and a hunt run. Above it is the inscription: "THE EARTH IS FULL OF THE LORD'S GOOD". The high yields from the mine were used, among other things, to renovate the Zellerfeld mint .
In 1774 a second solver was minted from the silver of the mine. After many years of economic difficulties, another period of exploitation began, to which the coin was dedicated. The lion and unicorn hold the coat of arms of George III on their lapel . , King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , and Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . The obverse represents a mining landscape with smoking chimneys .
Preussag AG used the motifs of the exploitation coins for a commemorative medal for the company's 50th anniversary in 1973.
Overview of the shafts, tunnels and day openings
| Surname | Greatest depth | length | Beginning | The End | Geographical location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evening Star Shaft | 268 m | 1679 | 1686 | 51 ° 51 ′ 51 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 17 ″ E | Outside the Güte des Herr pit, a foreign shaft through which the ore was lifted from 1736 to 1747. | |
| Goodness-of-Herrner Schacht | 290 m | 1747 | 1817 | 51 ° 51 ′ 55 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 5 ″ E | Backfilled from 1912 to 1913. The shaft building burned down on July 19, 1913. | |
| Maassener drive shaft | 480 m | 1681 | 1920 | 51 ° 51 ′ 49 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 25 ″ E | The Lautenthals Glück mine shaft, which was used to promote the Goodness of the Lord mine before the construction of its own shaft. | |
| Richtschacht (goodness of the Lord) | over 366 m | 1839 | 1931 | 51 ° 51 ′ 56 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 8 ″ E | Drainage shaft. | |
| Stollen goodness of the Lord | 1691 | 1817 (1930) | 51 ° 51 ′ 55 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 3 ″ E | |||
| Deep Saxony tunnel | 1480 m | 1549 | 1880 | 51 ° 51 ′ 56 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 3 ″ E | Water solution tunnel, construction period: 1549 to 1612. |
Current condition (2012)
The dump site on the north-western slope of the Kranichsberg still testifies to the former pit of the goodness of the Lord . The mouth of the day tunnel is located north of the visitor tunnel on the site of the mining museum. Of the water management systems, the Upper and Lower Richtschachter Graben above Lautenthal can still be seen in places in the area. Signs along the mining educational trail indicate its function. A special feature is the sand trap on the Maaßen watercourse with the inlet of the pressure line to the underground water column machine of the straightening shaft. This was uncovered again in 1992 by the mining and history association Bergstadt Lautenthal from 1976 eV .
Furthermore, a perforated stone from 1753 has been preserved on the hillside , which marks the pith of the pit of God's blessing. The inscription reads: "ALHIER TURNS THE GÜTE DES HERRN FELD PIT AS FIVE MASSES FROM THE LAUTENTHALSGLÜCKER BELOW LOCHSTEIN AND MARKSCHEIDET WITH THE PIT SEEGEN GODES VICE OVER MOUNTAIN MASTER GEORG VALENTIN KRAUS UNTERGORG WORGINER OCT ".
literature
- Christoph Bartels : From the early modern mining industry to the mining industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1992, ISBN 3-921533-53-8 .
- Torsten Schröpfer: Treasure trove: Interesting facts about the West Harz mining and metallurgy . 1st edition. Pieper, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2000, ISBN 3-923605-08-0 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 5, Part 1: The iron ore mining . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986.
- Klaus Stedingk: Lautenthal: mountain town in the Upper Harz; Mining and metallurgical history . Bergwerks- und Geschichtsverein Bergstadt Lautenthal from 1976, Lautenthal 2002, ISBN 3-00-009504-7 .
- Dieter Stoppel: Course map of the Upper Harz . Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials, 1981, ISSN 0540-679X .
