Grundmühle (Radeberg)

Basic mill

The basic mill is a former water mill in Radeberger district Liegau-Augustusbad within the district Liegau-Augustusbad on the parcel 691. One of her previous name was Lochmühle (still in 1830). It is located on the right bank of the Große Röder on the edge of the oldest Saxon landscape garden, the landscape protection area Seifersdorfer Tal (Saxon LSG No. d15), and in the FFH protection area No. 4848-301 Rödertal above Medingen , north of Dresden and the Dresdner Heide in Saxony .

history

The area of the Grundmühle belonged administratively to the Liegau manor at the end of the 18th and until the end of the 19th century.

At the end of the 18th century, the first evidence of the existence of a mill can be found on the grounds of the Grundmühle: In 1793 the miller Johann Christoph Günther sold it to Johann Gottlieb Arnoldt for 1100 thalers and 80 thalers a year in lease rent. At that time, the Grundmühle included "two grinding courses, including a board cutting and oil mill", a barn and a cowshed. Johann Gottlieb Arnoldt had the baker's house built in 1802, the no longer visible Mühlgrabenbrücke in 1803 and the Röderbrücke in 1806.

Karl Gottlieb Arnoldt, the son of Johann Gottlieb Arnoldt, took over the basic mill in 1822. He had the main building built in 1826, the elongated stable building (extension to the main building) in 1837 and the sawmill, which no longer exists in 1838. The records of the mill builder Günther from Lotzdorf , commissioned by Arnold, report on renewing construction activities on the mill technology of the basic mill: “1848 - A Kammuelle (comb mill) built, bone pounders laid out and built with gear. 1851: A water wheel built. 1856: A Leter Walcke (Lederwalke) built by Meister Arnoldt. “In which of the existing buildings which technical equipment was installed, is not recorded.

Karl Gottlieb Arnoldt's son Gustav Adolf Arnoldt took over the basic mill in 1864. There is a hint that during this time the bathers of the "Curbades Liegau", which was founded in 1857 by the Liegauer manor owner Johann Georg Herrmann, of the nearby Augustusbad as well as the citizens of Radeberg frequented the Grundmühle as a hiking destination and restaurant. The extension of the kitchen to the main building determined for the year 1881 indicates the expansion of gastronomic activities in the Grundmühle. Due to industrialization and the introduction of new technologies, many water mills became unprofitable at the end of the 19th century - the first mill deaths began. Many of these mills were converted into restaurants. The cutting and sawmill and the bakery continued to run in parallel. During this time, the alternative name "Arnoldtsmühle" for the Grundmühle became established. After Gustav Adolf Arnoldt's death in 1879, his widow Emilie Berta Arnoldt continued to run the mill.

Gotthelf Kühne, lord of the castle of Wachau , bought the basic mill in 1889 and employed tenants to manage it. During this time, the catering business was an important pillar. For several decades, the Grundmühle was administratively part of the municipality of Wachau .

In 1897, according to other sources not until 1911, the so-called "Wendentor", a Sorbian agricultural gate building, came to the Grundmühlen site. It came from the exhibition of Saxon handicrafts and arts and crafts that had taken place in Dresden a year earlier.

In 1899 a "garden house" was added to the ensemble, which was also called the "pavilion" or "hunter's house".

The Wachau castle owner Kühne had the cutting and sawmill renewed in 1909.

From the beginning to the middle of the 20th century, the Grundmühle was part of a dense network of offers in the area of leisure and recreation in the Rödertal. Worth mentioning is the neighboring spa operation of the Augustusbad, which was discontinued at the end of the Second World War .

In 1929, Rößler, the leaseholder of the mill, received a license for a room, the pavilion and the garden. This is the room to the left of the main entrance of the main building. The putti that marked the entrance to the beer garden probably date from this time . Three years later the Grundmühle changed hands: A Kurt Lucas, deputy bank director from Langebrück , bought it for 25,000 Reichsmarks . Another source speaks of the fact that in 1933 the Langebruecker Franz Lucas acquired the basic mill from the heirs of the Wachau lord of the castle Kühne.

Both agree, however, that from 1933 Karl Tänzer leased the basic mill and carried out various alterations. He had the grinder in the main building removed and the room expanded into the so-called "Mühlstübchen". This is the room to the right of the main entrance of the Grundmühle, which is directly adjacent to the Mühlgraben, until then it was a utility room and housed the grinding technology. With that the era of the basic mill as a grinding or grain mill came to an end. The mill room was equipped with a tiled stove with a bench, a sideboard, a cloakroom and a large stained glass window with a coat of arms. Furthermore, Karl Tänzer had the stable building rebuilt. He set up holiday rooms on the upper floors of the stable and the main building. The dining room was enlarged. The facade of the bakery was renovated. In addition, Dancer had the bank of the Röder re-paved and the area between Großer Röder and the main building designed into a garden-like "botanical gem".

In 1935, a diesel engine was installed in the sawmill, which in the meantime also functioned as a cabinet maker. With this the era of the use of water power in the Grundmühle came to an end. The bakery was closed in 1938 and the building has been used as a residential building ever since.

In 1952, Franz Lucas sold the basic mill to August Rohusch. He left the GDR in 1953 . The Grundmühle then became the property of the municipality of Wachau.

During the GDR era, the Grundmühle was a popular place for excursions, offering open-air dance events with a band in the warm season. Only the left room in the main building was used as the guest room. The "Mühlstübchen" was special events such as B. New Year's Eve and Carnival celebrations reserved. At the same time, vacationers have been fed in the Grundmühle as part of the FDGB holiday service since the 1950s . Only a few lived in the Grundmühle, the majority of the vacationers stayed in private rooms in the houses on Fasanenweg. The common room for the vacationers was in the Jägerhäusel.

In 1954 the sawmill and cabinet maker burned down.

The Jägerhäusel was demolished in 1985/1986. It was dilapidated and in danger of collapsing. Its foundation, which was used as a dance floor and terrace, has been preserved.

The Grundmühle was incorporated into the then independent municipality of Liegau-Augustusbad in 1964 (together with what was then Kleinwachau ).

In 1984, "... in recognition of exemplary gastronomic care within the framework of the socialist competition, the collective of the consumer restaurant Grundmühle was awarded the certificate for 'High quality in hospitality' in the performance comparison of restaurants and hotels in the Dresden district".

The restaurant business was stopped in 1989. The entire Grundmühle property has been used privately since 1993.

Surroundings of the Grundmühle with a map of existing and former buildings

Landscape and surroundings

The Grundmühle is located in the Seifersdorfer Valley, which has been part of the European Natura 2000 protected area since 2006 (belonging to the 770 hectare FFH protected area No. 4848-301 Rödertal above Medingen ) and is therefore subject to strict nature and bird protection regulations. The landscape of the Grundmühlen area is characterized by deciduous forest and wet meadows adjoining the Röder . The Radeberger Rundwanderweg and the Heide- und Talwanderweg lead over a quarry stone bridge right through the ensemble between the bakery and the main building and then along the Grundmühlen property. The Lausitzer Schlange long-distance hiking trail also leads directly past the Grundmühle.

The Grundmühle site consists of a section of the Rödertal valley floor. This includes two striking meadows. The remains of a weir can be found in the Röder about 150 meters upstream from the Grundmühle . At this point the Mühlgraben branched off on the right bank of the Röder , which supplied the probably undershot mill wheel of the Grundmühle with water. The Mühlgraben still exists, but has silted up in some places and flows into the Röder about 400 meters downstream from the Grundmühle.

The city of Radeberg orients the development of the area towards "gentle landscape-oriented recreation and leisure activities". The Grundmühle property is part of the planned touristic green system "Grünes Band", which the city of Radeberg is planning to use, which includes the valley of the Großer Röder with the LSG Hüttertal , the valley of the Schwarzen Röder and the Radeberger Hofegrundbach. These landscapes should not be further built up, but may be made accessible by hiking trails or educational trails.

Via the Grundmühle you have access to the Seifersdorfer Tal cultural landscape from Liegau-Augustusbad.

architecture

The Grundmühle ensemble is a listed building. It consists of several buildings that are spread over the property.

Bakery

The second oldest building is the "baker's house". In the sandstone walls of its portal in the basket arch there is the inscription "JGA | 1802", which indicates the year of construction 1802 and the building owner Johann Gottlieb Arnoldt. The ground floor of the bakery consists of fired bricks on a base made of quarry stone that extends down into the Röder. Inside there are remains of an oven. The upper floor consists of half-timbered houses. The house is covered with a gable roof. It was used as a bakery until 1938, then as private living space. The building was partially renovated in 1933 and during the GDR era.

Basic mill

Entrance of the basic mill

The main building is labeled twice with "Grundmühle" in broken letters. It is believed to have been renovated in the 1980s.

In the sandstone walls of its portal in the basket arch there is a keystone with the inscription “A. 1826 ”, which suggests the time when it was built and the owner Karl Gottlieb Arnoldt. Above the portal there is another keystone (probably for decorative purposes), on which a deer head with a tulip in its mouth and two individual stars can be seen like a coat of arms. In the thirties there was a sundial on the south-east facade.

The house is covered with a half-hip roof, the attic is voluminous and has two floors. The main building is followed by the kitchen wing and the elongated, then one-story stable building. The latter was added to the main building in 1837. This stable building was rebuilt in 1933 and added a mansard roof to create holiday rooms. The two-story kitchen wing was added in 1881, which indicates the increasing use of the house for gastronomy during this period. A liquor license for a room on the ground floor (as well as for the pavilion and the garden) is guaranteed for 1929. The stove in this room, possibly made in the year the building was built, but perhaps also later, features chrome-oxide green glazed tiles made of red clay, which contain bas-reliefs with different motifs: a five-pointed star, grape, cornucopia, a maple leaf, a chalice, songbird on a shell and rose petals. On the top there are also two tiles with high reliefs of putti playing the flute. This guest room was rebuilt and enlarged in 1933 by the landlord, Carl Tänzer, and equipped with wall slogans, pictures, antlers and carved lighting fixtures.

In 1933, Carl Tänzer also expanded the right-hand room on the ground floor into a dining room ("Mühlstübchen"). This room previously contained the grinder and was a pure work space. The Meissen stove in this room consists of white glazed tiles with lavish bas-reliefs ( rocailles-like decorations and grape motifs), painted with yellow, brown and green glaze. The top has lavishly manufactured splendid tiles with high reliefs. The motifs are a plate with a blossom, two different songbirds on fantasy and show fruit. Other fixtures in this room are the stove bench, a sideboard fitted into a wall niche, shelves, decorative beams, a built-in cloakroom and a larger rear leaded glass window. The skylight contains a lead-framed segment about 50 centimeters long and 30 centimeters wide with a coat of arms-like representation. On it is again a small coat of arms, which shows two crossed swords between three ears of wheat. A part of a medieval knight's armor is painted over it, over it again a winged black bull with a halo. The image is wreathed with yellow acanthus leaves.

barn

Behind the main building directly on the Röder there is a two-story wood-clad barn.

Turning gate

The "Wendentor" mentioned on the list of monuments of the Liegau-Augustusbad district is no longer available on site. The so-called Wendentor is a thatched wooden gate-like construction with ancillary rooms and was located between the main building and the oil mill. It came from the exhibition of Saxon handicrafts and arts and crafts in Dresden in 1896, especially the so-called "Wendish Village" there, the Sorbian Museum on this exhibition. After the end of the Dresden Hygiene Exhibition, the "Wendenhof" was bought by the owner of the Grundmühle C. Kühne at the time and set up in the backyard of the Grundmühle. According to old postcards from the Grundmühle, this should be about the hygiene exhibition from 1911. The Nebelschütz community bought the Wendentor gate in 2003 for a symbolic price of one euro and had it rebuilt there. It now serves as a gatehouse between the historic “Heldhaus” hostel and a park.

Oil and bone mill

The oil mill is probably the oldest building on the Grundmühle site. It stands directly on the Mühlgraben. In 1848 a bone pound was probably built into this building. In the 1960s, remnants of the mill technology could still be observed on this house: “the solid masonry” on the side of the Mühlgraben bank opposite the building, “which is closed off by a large stone block”. In this stone block the bearing of the undershot mill wheel could still be seen. Its counterpart on the side of the building was already bricked up at this point.

The oil mill is a small-format two-story building with a gable roof. The ground floor consists of quarry stone masonry, the windows have green shutters. The upper floor is built in half-timbered construction.

Other no longer existing buildings

A sawmill was located directly next to the main building above or on the other side of the former mill ditch when viewed from the main building. After the renovation in 1909 by the land mill owner and Wachau lord of the castle Kühne, the sawmill and joinery consisted of a one-story half-timbered house with a gable roof, which was filled with red-fired bricks. The building was decorated with a sandstone slab that contained the coat of arms of the miller's guild: half a wheel, above it an angle and circle, flanked by two lions (similar to the coat of arms of the mill in Freital-Hainsberg, for example ). In 1954 this building burned down. In the spring of 1960, the municipality of Wachau had the ruins removed and set up a "jewelry place" at this point.

On the other side of the trail next to the bakery there was a one-story half-timbered house with a hipped roof, under which the mill ditch flowed and the “Jägerhäusel” or “Pavillon” was called. It was built in 1899 by the then Grundmühlen and Wachau castle owner Gotthelf Kühne and furnished inside with “old pictures” and “robust hunting and toasts”. When the sawmill fire in 1954, it was not burned. This is evidenced by a photo (postcard) that shows a view of the basic mill without the sawmill, but with the hunter's house. The Jägerhäusel was demolished in the mid-1980s (1985/1986) due to dilapidation and danger of collapse. The foundations of this house that have been preserved to this day have been used as a terrace since the GDR era.

Directly in front of the main building there was a simple wooden kiosk that sold beer. It burned in 1954 together with the sawmill. There are also references to other small buildings on the Grundmühlen area (e.g. one directly on the beer garden area) that certainly had similar functions.

bridges

The quarry stone bridge, which leads from Liegau to Grundmühle over the Röder, Radeberg preservationists date to the time after 1800. There was another bridge over the Mühlgraben between the sawmill and the Jägerhäusel. Today the Mühlgraben is filled in at this point. Another old stone arch bridge, directly opposite the Grundmühle near the left bank of the Röder, crosses the Grundmühlenbach coming from the “Grundmühlenbach-Tal” (trout bar with what used to be almost 30 trout ponds).

Putten at the Grundmühle, in the background the bakery

Sculptures on the Grundmühlen site

Directly on the way between the bakery and the dance floor there are two puttoplasties (baroque-looking angel figures of small children). They framed the entrance to the beer garden area north of the bakery. The sculptures are fully worked out, so they also offer a decorative view from behind and from the side. The material of the sculptures is an artificial stone made of cement-bound grit . This material was often used for sculptures in the 1920s, which points to a direct connection to the license granted by the mill tenant Rößler in 1928, including for the garden, among other things. The sculptures rest on bricked sandstone plinths. The left group consists of two putti. The standing putto holds a basket of fruit and puts her arm around the shoulders of the seated putti. A rabbit is propped up on the left knee of the seated putti. The right group consists of two putti symmetrically to the left, one sitting, the other standing. The seated putti embraces the head of a lamb sitting next to her, who looks up at her trustingly. The standing putto holds a garland of different flower heads, such as roses and daisies .

Flora and fauna around the Grundmühle

To the north of the Grundmühle there are rocky slopes facing south and south-west. The common beech (Fagus sylvatica), the hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), the English oak (Quercus robur) and the grape oak (Q. petraea) grow there . The common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) grow further down at the foot of the slope, which is damp from seepage water . The herb layer is mostly sparse because of the rocky subsoil and because of the high impact load. The area around the Grundmühle is ornithologically significant, because there is a wide range of typical forest bird species: the garden warbler , the fitis and various woodpeckers . The wet meadows are a favorable habitat for amphibians and reptiles . In the drier sections, besides the sand lizard and the forest lizard, there is probably even the endangered smooth snake . |

Other plants that of course also generally occur in the valley of the Großer Röder :

Grasses: ball grass (Dactylis glomerata) and bluegrass (Poa trivialis, P. pratensis)

Grasses on smooth oat meadows (damp formation): high proportion of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) and soft honey grass (Holcus mollis)

herbaceous plants: white clover (Trifolium repens) , creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and field chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris)

intensely grazed floodplain: larger stocks of nettles and dock species ( Rumex obtusifolius , Rumex acetosa )

The extensively used floodplain has a much larger spectrum of flowering plants: meadow bellflower (Campanula patula) , meadow marguerite (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) and lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris), including moisture indicators such as the great meadow button (Sanguisorba officinalis) .

On the slopes of the valley there is poor grassland : small hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella) , great sedum (Sedum maximum) and upright brusque (Bromus erectus) . Animals: heat-loving and ground-nesting insects such as sand bees and sand wasps , grasshoppers and butterflies

North-exposed slopes on the eastern side of the Röder: maple and oak species, also black alder (Alnus glutinosa), large clumps of narrow-leaved grove rims (Luzula luzuloides) .

south-facing slopes on the western side of the Röder: mixed deciduous forest of maple species, red beech , hornbeam , English oak , black alder and small-scale predominant coniferous areas: forest pine (Pinus silvestris), red spruce (Picea abies) ; Above the Grundmühle along the Grundmühlenweg in the direction of “Forellenschänke” / upper Bergstrasse there are old beech trees that take on a forest park-like character.

Trivia

The Dresden art historian Volker Helas lived for several years in the oil mill on the property of the Grundmühle.
The tornado on Whit Monday 2010 caused great damage to the trees in the immediate vicinity of the Grundmühle.
Georg Naumann , German natural scientist, trapper and pioneer in the early local discovery and use of oil / natural gas deposits in northern Canada and partner of Max Hinsche , learned the grinding and baker's trade in the Grundmühle from 1916 to 1919, as well as the sawdust.

Individual evidence

↑ Top. Land recording, miles sheet. Sign .: 258 / XV. dd_hstad-mf_0001674. Saxon Main State Archives Dresden

↑ Natura 2000. Accessed May 29, 2018 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Heimatverein Liegau-Augustusbad: The basic mill. Information sheet, published for the 650th anniversary of Liegau-Augustusbad in 1999

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Hanns Franke: History of the basic mill. Manuscript 1964, in the archive of the Radeberg local history museum

↑ It's so green ... not only “when Spain's blossoms are in bloom”, but also in Liegau-Augustusbad. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .

↑ ^a ^b Website of the Nebelschütz community, sub-website for Wendisches Tor

↑ ^a ^b ^c City administration Radeberg: "Zoning plan for Radeberg city with the OT Liegau-Augustusbad, Großerkmannsdorf and Ullersdorf"

^ S. Just: Hiking is the miller's delight. Mill tour through Rödertal. “Die Radeberger”, July 17, 2009, on the website of the Liegau-Augustusbad Heimatverein

^ Chronicle of the Liegau-Augustusbad home association. Local history

↑ Certificate, hanging in the basic mill

↑ Natura 2000. Accessed May 28, 2018 .