Ports in the People's Republic of China
The foreign trade of the People's Republic of China has been developing in great strides for years. A large part of the goods transfer takes place by ship via the coastal ports of China . In addition, the ports of China have traditionally played an important role in the huge domestic market, both in the large river and canal systems and in coastal shipping .
Ports for foreign trade
Since around 1990, China has been developing special economic zones in the coastal regions, especially for companies with foreign partners. Ports are an essential infrastructure for this. Bulk goods on this transport route include ores , coal , petroleum and basic foodstuffs . In terms of administrative law, the special economic zones have the same rights, including legislation, as a province . In principle, it is about almost all coastal regions south of Shanghai.
130 of the approximately 2,000 Chinese ports are open to foreign ships. These include Beihai , Bohai Wan , Dalian , Dandong , Fuzhou , Guangzhou , Haikou , Hankou , Huangpu , Jiujiang , Lianyungang , Nanjing , Nantong , Ningbo , Qingdao , Qinhuangdao , Rizhao , Sanya , Shanghai , Shantou , Shenzhen , Tianjin , Weihai , Wenzhou , Xiamen , Yangzhou , Yantai and Zhanjiang . Guangzhou, Lianyungang, Ningbo and Xiamen were the four compulsory in 1680 under the Qing dynasty first opened treaty ports (see. For overseas trade, the Hai jin ).
The following deep-sea ports serve as container terminals in today's overseas trade : Dalian, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, and Xiamen. In 2007 these ports were already among the 50 highest-handling container ports in the world.
The increase in container throughput:
(Units 1000 TEU )
- 1991: 575
- 1993: 935
- 1996: 1,950
- 1997: 2,520
- 2000: 5,610
- 2001: 6.340
- 2002: 8,620
- 2003: 11,280
In 2007, 105 million TEU were handled at the Chinese foreign trade ports.
Inland ports
China has 123,964 km of navigable waterways with 1,300 ports. 60% of the waterways are navigable for ships over 50 m. All ships together have a loading capacity of 30 million tons and transport 900,000 passengers a year.
The three largest rivers are the Yangtze River , the Pearl River and the Imperial Canal. About 80% of all goods are moved by inland waterway across the Yangtze every year. In 2007, goods were transported in 9.7 million containers. The share of faster container handling is to be increased further.
Distribution by provinces
In a list with 288 larger ports, these are distributed over the following provinces:
The province with the most ports is Guangdong (99 entries). This is followed by Jiangsu (26 information), Zhejiang (23 information) and Fujian (22 information)
province
- Anhui (9 details)
- Fujian (22 entries; including Xiamen)
- Gansu (1 item)
- Guangdong (99 data; including Foshan, Guangzhou, Lanshi, Lanxi, Nanhai (Sanshan), Nansha (Guangzhou) and Shenzhen)
- Guangxi (8 details)
- Guizhou (2 information)
- Hainan (5 details; the whole island is SEZ)
- Hebei (3 details)
- Heilongjiang (13 details; including Harbin )
- Hong Kong (1 item)
- Hubei (7 figures; including Wuhan)
- Hunan (10 details)
- Inner Mongolia (4 data)
- Jiangsu (26 details; inter alia Changzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi)
- Jiangxi (2 details)
- Jilin (2 information)
- Liaoning (5 details; including Dalian)
- Ningxia (1 information)
- Qinghai (1 item)
- Shaanxi (2 details)
- Shandong (11 information)
- Shanghai (8 entries; including Chuansha, Pudong, Yangshan)
- Shanxi (1 information)
- Sichuan (4 details)
- Tianjin (3 details)
- Xinjiang (2 information; also Urumqi)
- Yunnan (1 item)
- Zhejiang (23 figures; including Hangzhou)
Individual evidence
See also
Web links
- China Factfile> Transport, Post and Telecommunications: Ports (Chinese government website; English)
- List of ports by provinces
- China's ports (Chinese)