Hans Mittelbach

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Hans Hermann Mittelbach (born September 19, 1903 in Berlin ; † 1986 ) was a German lawyer and the first department head for protective custody in the National Socialist concentration camps . He directed the arrests of politically persecuted people who were arrested by the Nazi regime according to prepared lists from the day after the Reichstag fire in February 1933. Mittelbach had overcome the legal difficulties that the Political Police (the Gestapo was only legally established in April 1933) in interpreting the Reichstag Fire Ordinance. After 1945 he became head of the legal department in the Central Justice Office in Hamburg at the General Inspector of the Judicial Courts for denazification in the area of ​​the British occupation zone . He then went to Cologne as a judge at the Cologne Higher Regional Court , where he worked until the end of 1965.

Family, school, university and legal career

Mittelbach attended the Luisenstädtische Gymnasium and the Dorotheenstädtische Realgymnasium . In 1922 he graduated from high school at Easter. At the Friedrich-Wilhelm University , he studied six semesters the subject of law . He heard the lectures by Conrad Bornhak , Wilhelm Fürstenau (* 1868 in Marburg), James Goldschmidt , Ernst Heymann , Wilhelm Kahl , Walter Kaskel , Theodor Kipp , Wilhelm Hermann Karl Klee (* 1876 in Berlin), Rudolf Stammler , Heinrich Triepel and Martin Wolff . During his studies he became a member of the Arndt Berlin Association (in the Sondershäuser Association ).

On June 25 and 26, 1925, he passed the examination for the First State Exam at the Berlin Court of Appeal . Since July 14, 1925 he worked as a trainee lawyer. On 30 January 1926, he gained promotion to Dr. jur. with the topic of the creation and the violation of the property lien in the case of maximum amount mortgages . He then prepared for the Grand State Examination at the Berlin III Regional Court . Having passed the exam on December 5, 1928, he was appointed court assessor on December 13, 1928 . On December 16, 1930, he became a public prosecutor at the Moabit Criminal Court (district court Berlin I).

Arrests after the Reichstag fire

One day after the Reichstag fire on February 28, 1933, Mittelbach was in the early hours of the morning at the Berlin police headquarters as a representative of the public prosecutor's office, making arrests of political opponents of the Nazi regime according to prepared lists. The Vossische Zeitung announced the following arrests in its evening edition on February 28, 1933: Dr. Alfred Apple , Dr. Fritz Foreigner , Dr. Ludwig Barbasch, Rudolf Bernstein , Willi Billweck, Ernst Bogisch, Felix Halle , Friedrich Heinz, Dr. Max Hodann , Wilhelm Kasper , Katzbach, Egon Erwin Kisch , Karl Koehn, Fritz Lange , Otto Lehmann-Rußbüldt , Hans Litten , Ernst Lode, Erich Mühsam , Carl von Ossietzky , Wilhelm Pieck , Adam Remmle, Ludwig Renn , Richard Reschke, Bernhard Rubinstein , Johann Samatzki, Dr. Richard Schmincke , Ernst Schneller , Werner Scholem , Willi Schubringk, Kurt Stein, Walter Stoecker , Paul Trübe, Willi Wirsing, Wilhelm Witkowski and Hans von Zwehl. Egon Erwin Kisch wrote about his impressions in the hallway in Department IA in the police headquarters:

“The signal for the mass arrest was given yesterday evening when the Reichstag building was set on fire. There is not a person on the right or on the left who, when he heard about the conflagration yesterday, did not immediately understand its purpose: to unleash terror against the enemies of Nazism. "

- EE Kisch, The first batch - On February 28, 1933

Department head for protective custody

From March 1, 1933, Mittelbach was active in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, at the Berlin Police Headquarters as a public prosecutor in Department I of the Political Department (PA) in the position of protective custody officer. In the business distribution plan of March 1933, Mittelbach was responsible for special orders. Among them were u. a. listed

  • Arson in the Reichstag
  • Closure of the Karl Liebknecht House
  • Closure of the KPD bars
  • Police detention

After establishment of the Prussian Secret State Police Office (Gestapo) of 26 April 1933 (the in the Prussian Ministry of State was the establishment of the April 24, 1933 Prussian Secret State Police Office agreed and on April 26 the text of the so-called was first Gestapo law published) was he took over the office in Department II and was responsible for the supervision of Nazi protective custody camps. One of his first major official acts was the imposition of the arrest warrant against Ernst Thälmann on March 6, 1933 and against Georgi Dimitrow on March 11, 1933. On March 5, 1933, the criminal inspector Reinhold Heller from the Berlin Political Police had given Mittelbach the Thälmann files turned: The imposition of police custody seems necessary . The arrest warrant was confirmed on March 31, 1933 by the Reich judge Paul Vogt .

As the first department head for the protective custody camps in the context of the business of the Berlin State Police , he approved visits by prisoners to the camps and the transfer of prisoners to other camps or prisons. On March 24, 1933, Mittelbach took part in a meeting in which the funds were to be provided for the expansion of the Sonnenburg police prison into the Sonnenburg concentration camp . In a memo from March 25, 1933, it was noted that Mittelbach, as a clerk at the police headquarters, was using and setting up the former penal institution in Sonnenburg (the penal institution in Sonnenburg was closed in 1931 due to structural dilapidation and unsustainable hygienic conditions) as a police prison to accommodate prisoners would have. In March 1933, Mittelbach interrogated the Reich Commissioner for Employment, Günther Gereke , who was arrested at midnight on March 24, 1933 by a command of the Political Police and the SS , which also included Rudolf Diels and SS group leader Josias zu Waldeck and Pyrmont . In the list of civil servants from May 22, 1933, who were charged with handling political matters , Mittelbach was again named in Department 2a with the following areas of responsibility:

  • Protective custody for Greater Berlin (including the complaints)
  • Sonnenburg
  • Arson in the Reichstag

Mittelbach visited the Sonnenburg concentration camp, which was built on April 3, 1933, on April 10, 1933 and wrote a report to his superior Rudolf Diels about the conditions in the concentration camp. In the report, Mittelbach still referred to the concentration camp as a police prison. In it he certified the prisoners that they were in good health according to his judgment . The prisoners would march across the yard to the singing of folk songs . He tasted the inmates' food himself and found that it was strong and tasty .

He also stated that SA guards had mistreated arriving detainees on arrival and that the police force on hand was too weak to stop the mistreatment. The wives of the prisoners who were present, as well as the people of Sonnenburg, could have seen the abuse. Even transferring inmates to solitary confinement could not have prevented further abuse. In particular, Hans Litten , Wilhelm Kasper and Erich Mühsam were further abused to a very great extent . Mittelbach stated in the report that he had ordered medical help for these abused prisoners and that Litten had been relocated. He warned the SA people present that he would not tolerate the prisoners being mistreated. As of April 10, 1933, the SA men would be placed under the command of a first lieutenant in the security police . He also ordered that prisoners injured by mistreatment should only be guarded by members of the security police.

He announced that he would unexpectedly visit the concentration camp again after a fortnight to make sure that no other prisoners had been mistreated. It would be in the interests of the police's reputation that prisoners be treated humanely .

In April 1933 Diels visited the Sonnenburg camp himself. According to a message smuggled out of the camp, Diels was supposed to have visited the Sonnenburg camp on April 7, 1993, since the information about the intolerable conditions had already reached abroad. In 1950 he published his memories of the visit. In it he noted:

“A shock went through my limbs like a ghostly apparition. I could hardly make out Ossietzky . He came up to Lützow and me and only asked in a weak voice that he should be freed from this hell ... "

In the newspaper Der Reichsbote of May 27, 1933, it was reported that a group of foreign journalists led by State Prosecutor Dr. Mittelbach had visited the institution in Sonnenburg for several hours . The foreign press representatives would have been convinced of the cleanliness of the facilities and the almost more than humane treatment . In no case would the prisoners have complained of unfair treatment, poor food or even mistreatment . The present US journalist Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker asked inmate Carl von Ossietzky whether he would like any special books. This answered:

"Yes, send me something historical about the Inquisition in the Middle Ages"

This inspection of the Sonnenburg camp is said to have taken place on March 23, 1933 (the 12 o'clock newspaper reported on it on March 24, 1933. The US journalist Louis P. Lochner was also present ).

Prisoner Hans Litten

On February 28, 1933, the lawyer Hans Litten was arrested. From April 1933 he too was sent to the Sonnenburg camp, which was under the supervision of Mittelbach. Mittelbach and Litten had already met in 1932 in the Felsenecke trial . Before the National Socialist " seizure of power " in January 1933, Mittelbach was mainly involved in political processes as a public prosecutor. Litten's mother went to Mittelbach's office, where about thirty relatives of inmates from the Sonnenburg camp were about to file complaints. In an interview with Mittelbach he said that her son had been spanked by fellow inmates . Irmgard Litten strongly contradicted this. Only when the allegations against the SA continued to be brought forward did Mittelbach admit that he was aware of the SA's mistreatment. Mittelbach then promised a remedy for her son.

But the next letter from Sonnenburg from her son from Sonnenburg, who concealed his situation in the description of legal cases, showed her that her son's situation had deteriorated further. Irmgard Litten went to Mittelbach again and asked for a new permit for her son to visit. When Mittelbach refused, she pointed out his responsibility for the camp. Mittelbach tried to excuse himself by saying that her son was so hated by the SA that he could not be protected from abuse. Finally he promised the mother that he would personally look after her son. Mittelbach went to see Litten, who was in very poor physical condition. By April 25, 1933 at the latest, he personally brought Litten to the prison in Spandau in his motor vehicle . However, there was another motivation for Mittelbach to get Litten out of the Sonnenburg camp. The request was made to him to have Litten appear as a witness for a trial of a person involved in the Röntgenstrasse trial, which was to take place on May 3, 1933.

In Spandau, Irmgard Litten went to see her son, who was visibly relieved about the treatment in Spandau. Mittelbach would have saved his life. After the transfer, Litten was sent to other concentration camps, where he committed suicide in 1938.

Prisoner Erich Baron

Erich Baron was arrested the day after the Reichstag fire on February 28, 1933 and sent to the cell prison at Lehrter Strasse 3. On April 12, 1933, his daughter Marianne Baron wrote to Mittelbach in which she complained about her father's terrible psychological state . She applied for her father's release or leave of absence, and she wanted to face the police as a hostage. On April 26, 1933, Mittelbach informed her that he had arranged for the prison doctor to examine whether she could be held prisoner:

“There is no reason for release as a result of incapacity for detention. Otherwise, the investigation continues "

- Hans Mittelbach to Marianne Baron on April 26, 1933

On the day of this writing, Erich Baron committed suicide in his cell. The writer Karl Grünberg assessed the act as follows:

"He has been hanged"

- Karl Grünberg on the death of Erich Baron

In a letter dated April 29, 1933, Mittelbach informed the widow Jenny Baron that the papers left by her husband would be attached to the letter. Mittelbach expressed my personal condolences to the widow .

Defender in the Reichstag fire trial

The lawyer Werner Wille was the defender of Georgi Dimitrov , one of the defendants , in the Reichstag fire trial from April to July 1933 . A denunciator reported Dimitrov's sister Magdalena Baramowa to the political police in Dresden because of her financial support from Werner Wille . Mittelbach was informed about this in connection with the investigation into the Reichstag fire and on June 13, 1933 sent a message to the criminal police commissioner Helmut Heisig in his office in Berlin:

"For the purpose of eventual [eventual] evaluation. Attorney Wille is conspicuously often involved in communist affairs. Is he known there? "

- Hans Mittelbach to Helmut Heisig on June 13, 1933

Heisig forwarded this notification to the judge in the Reichsgericht Paul Vogt on June 18, 1933 . This note, along with other communications from the Gestapo, led to a secret investigation into Werner Wille in 1937. In November 1938, he and his brother Gerhard Wille were withdrawn from admission as an official defender in political criminal matters at the Berlin Chamber of Commerce and the People's Court . In addition, Werner Wille was warned by the court of honor of the Berlin Bar Association.

The KPD spread to the beginning of the Reichstag Fire Trial in September 1933 a leaflet has been claimed in the under item 11:

"11. In order to prevent the exposure of the real arsonists and fascist provocateurs, the head of the Secret State Police in Berlin, Public Prosecutor Dr. Mittelbach, invited those lawyers who were ready to defend Comrade Torgler , and made them aware that the defense of Torgler was viewed as a communist activity, and threatened to be expelled from the bar "

- Excerpt from a leaflet of the KPD in September 1933.

Decree on the establishment of larger concentration camps

On April 24, 1933, the Prussian Minister of the Interior sent a decree on preparatory measures for the establishment of larger state concentration camps to the regional presidents in Prussia . The decree was signed on behalf of State Secretary Ludwig Grauert . Johannes Tuchel states that the decree was drawn up by Mittelbach. As evidence, Tuchel states that not only the file number of the decree, but also the extracts in the press would refer to Mittelbach. Regarding the establishment of concentration camps, the decree states:

"I note that I have initiated the construction of three large concentration camps with a capacity of 2 [000] to 3000 people for the people to be held in protective custody in the future, into which they are to be taken after their completion"

- Excerpt from a decree of the Prussian Ministry of the Interior of April 24, 1933

Back in the judiciary

Mittelbach was on May 1, 1933 as membership no. 2,584,434 joined the NSDAP . Until then, admission to the NSDAP was interrupted, so that he could not join the party like other lawyers before 1933. As early as July 15, 1933, he was recalled from his previous position and replaced by Otto Conrady . Mittelbach was again active as a prosecutor in the Berlin Regional Court district at the Berlin Regional Court. For example, on September 27, 1941, at Mittelbach's application, the 4th criminal chamber of the regional court sentenced the tailor Bernhard Jalowitz to three years in prison and his wife Erna Christiane Jalowitz to two years in prison for crimes against §§ 1.5 of the Blood Protection Act . They were accused of leaving Germany in 1936 because they could not get married there because of the Nazi legislation, because she did not want to convert to the Jewish faith . They both married in Great Britain in 1938 and returned to Germany. The marriage certificate became evidence at the trial. Another allegation from the judgment read:

“There was no valid reason to marry. In view of the dishonorable convictions demonstrated by the act, the accused's civil rights were deprived for a period of 3 years. "

Bernhard Jalowitz was released from prison on April 27, 1943 and taken to Auschwitz . At the beginning of 1940 Mittelbach worked in the judiciary in Erfurt . Mittelbach was appointed district court director in Berlin on May 15, 1942. Before mid-1943 he was also the head of a working group for trainee lawyers. He also received a teaching position at the University of Berlin . In May 1942 Mittelbach was appointed district court director. According to his own information, he was drafted as a soldier from 1943 to 1945. But Detlev Scheffler found out that he was seconded to Cologne and installed there as a war judge and special judge. Then he went to the People's Court . Mittelbach's publications also show that he worked at the Berlin Special Court before 1941.

post war period

After 1945 he worked as a senior councilor in the Central Justice Office in Hamburg at the General Inspector of the Judicial Courts for Denazification in the Legal Department. In 1948, the Hamburg public prosecutor opened an investigation (Az .: 14 Js 679/48) against Mittelbach, which was discontinued on December 3, 1948. Mittelbach had turned to the former secretary Margot Fürst von Hans Litten for his discharge. In 1933 she had contacted Mittelbach for information about Litten when he was imprisoned. Margot Fürst wrote him a favorable confirmation of his attitude towards Hans Litten. In a letter of thanks to her, Mittelbach u. a .:

"I appreciate the value of this confirmation all the more because you have had such infinitely bad experiences and the bitterness could easily be directed against those who were caught up in the machinery of the National Socialist state"

- Hans Mittelbach to Margot Fürst, Haifa, October 8, 1948

Then he went to the Cologne Higher Regional Court in 1952 . There he was also appointed chairman of the Senate for High Treason . Mittelbach retired towards the end of 1965. In the early 1980s, he was still working as a legal advisor in his son's practice, who also became a lawyer. At that time he lived in Erftstadt in the Liblar district.

Report against Mittelbach

On February 10, 1981, the lawyer Friedrich Karl Kaul, representing Ernst Thälmann's daughter Irma Gabel-Thälmann, filed a criminal complaint against Mittelbach for executing the arrest warrant against Thälmann and thus initiating measures that led to Ernst Thälmann's violent death. Since Kaul died on April 16, 1981, his long-time employee Winfried Matthäus took over the legal representation of Thälmann's daughter. Mittelbach himself was legally represented by his son Jürgen Mittelbach, who was admitted as a lawyer at the Bonn Regional Court and Cologne Regional Court . His reasoning referred to the case of the termination of the proceedings against seven members of the Reich Main Security Office in 1969 because of the statute of limitations. In April 1982 the Cologne public prosecutor closed the investigation. On May 7, 1982, the Chief Public Prosecutor Hans-Joachim Röseler informed Matthäus that it could not be determined whether the arrest warrant was actually causally related to Thälmann's violent death. Mittelbach would have neither foreseen nor approved of this violent death.

On June 7, 1982, Matthäus appealed against the termination of the proceedings. In the case of arrest warrants, the members of the Berlin police authority acted not only in view of judicial injustice proceedings, but also to lead the arrested to the concentration camps that were already set up at the time, with the stipulation that they were held there and exposed to terrorism that extended to the point of killing . Matthew added six documents to his argument that were intended to support his thesis. On October 10, 1983, the public prosecutor's office in Cologne announced that there would be no reason to retrial or to bring charges. The proceedings would have been rightfully closed.

Mittelbach commented on the trial of the alleged murderer of Thälmann Wolfgang Otto :

“These processes are just pointless. You can no longer make real guilty statements .... I think that's very nice here in the Federal Republic. They have made every effort here, have not dealt much with the past "

- Hans Mittelbach, in: Deutsche Volkszeitung / Die Tat, Frankfurt / Main, November 8, 1985.

personality

His dissertation had no relation to political issues of the time. Although Mittelbach showed no outstanding inclination towards National Socialism , he was called in by the head of Rudolf Diels of the Secret State Police Office in Berlin to set up this facility. For this reason, Christoph Graf assumed in similar cases of other officials that there was a willingness to cooperate and assimilate the officials who had been taken over from the Political Department of the Berlin Police Headquarters. His entry into the NSDAP in May 1933 evidently resulted from his position with the Gestapo since March 1, 1933. However, there are no indications that he has tried to become a member of the SS . Memberships in the Stahlhelm , in the national emergency aid and the Nazi old rule were proven in 1942. His later employment as a special judge in Cologne, however, required a suitable attitude towards National Socialism. Nevertheless, he succeeded by his own account, the denazification process with the memo not affected to cope. The available sources cannot show whether he concealed essential activities in the Nazi regime.

During the time of his official duties as the department head for protective custody for the concentration camps, it has been proven that he had conversations with relatives, although these were polite but also largely non-binding. In his report of April 10, 1933 about the Sonnenburg police prison, he accused the SA of mistreatment. Since he knew many prisoners from his tenure at the Moabit Regional Court, he helped several prisoners avoid the abuse of the SA by transferring them. He had Hans Litten, James Broh, Erich Mühsam, lawyer Günther Joachim and Carl von Ossietzky moved, although only a few were able to escape death because of the torture they had suffered. In any case, Mittelbach became known among the victims of Nazi persecution as the public prosecutor who offered the prospect of help. When the journalist Gabriele Tergit turned to him because she was about to be arrested by the notorious SA Storm 33 on March 5, 1933, he was able to leave Germany with her husband and son the next day with his help. Mittelbach knew Tergit because she worked as a court reporter at the court in Moabit.

This assistance could have led to Mittelbach being dismissed from his post after three months at the end of June 1933. For both the NSDAP and the head of the political police, Kurt Daluege , Mittelbach was judged to be insufficiently energetic in service for this somewhat difficult job (Nazi jargon). Scheffler criticizes Graf in his assessment that Mittelbach had a significant influence on the establishment of Nazi protective custody. Because there is no evidence of a single decree from Mittelbach. Rather, Scheffler assigns Werner Best as head of Department I the decisive role. Mittelbach was more of a narrow-minded representative of his department who was constantly in conflict with his superiors.

In the eighties he was asked about the events after the Reichstag fire. As a lawyer, Mittelbach had solved the difficulties for the political police in interpreting the Reichstag fire ordinance correctly . He admitted that he had been shown lists of people to be arrested. Mittelbach:

“I never had any doubts. Not even later. Some things might be done differently today ... I would still arrest the communists today ”

- Hans Mittelbach, approx. 1980–1985.

"I did what I thought was right in my view of law and order and what corresponded to my long-term official status"

- Hans Mittelbach to Margot Fürst on October 8, 1948.

Fonts

  • Origin and violation of the owner's lien in the case of maximum amount mortgages. East German Dr. u. Publishing house, Halle-Saale 1926.
  • Thoughts on competition in criminal law . In: German Law 1940, pp. 1490–1498
  • The offender type in war criminal law . In: German Law 1941, pp. 235–244.
  • § 1 [one] of the War Economy Ordinance of September 4, 1939 with explanations. Lutzeyer, Bad Oeynhausen 1941.
  • The ordinance against pests of the people. The crime of aviation danger and the exploitation of the state of war. Lutzeyer, Bad Oeynhausen (Westphalia) 1941.
  • The simplification of the administration of justice during war . In: Deutsche Verwaltung 19 (1942), pp. 468–473
  • Judicial creation of law . In: Deutsches Recht 1942, pp. 407-419.
  • The development of criminal justice in the war . In: Deutsches Recht 12. (1942), pp. 424-427, pp. 612ff., Pp. 668ff., Pp. 1132-1135, pp. 1269-1271 and pp. 1313-1318.
  • German criminal law. Guideline. German legal publisher, Berlin 1944.
  • with Friedrich Meyer-Abich a. Schierholt: The German courts in the British zone. In: Gesetz und Recht , H. 16-18.1947.
  • Hans Mittelbach: Criminal law protection of occupation interests. (Comments on Law No. 14 of the Allied High Commission). Heymann, Cologne [a. a.] 1950.
  • Hans Mittelbach: The withdrawal of the driving license. Schmidt, [Berlin] 1966.
  • The administrative offense proceedings in the present and future . In: Monthly for German Law 13 (1959), pp. 617–621.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, pp. 96-97.
  2. ^ Association of Alter SVer (VASV): Address book and Vademecum. Ludwigshafen am Rhein 1959, p. 87.
  3. ↑ Detlev Scheffler: Protective custody under National Socialism (1933 to 1945): The bureaucracy of the Reich Security Main Office and the persecution of the political opponent . Dissertation of the FU Berlin, 1998, p. 174ff.
  4. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 97, FN 209.
  5. ↑ Free Germany , Volume, No. 4, March 1943, Mexico, DF, p. 22.
  6. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 50.
  7. ↑ Kurt Rückmann: “Dr. Mittelbach, Dezernt 2a “, in: Die Weltbühne , Vol. 80, Issue 40, October 1985, pp. 1265–1268, note: here the department is indicated with II a, but this was only done from the end of April 1933 after the Gestapa was reorganized was true.
  8. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 54. Bahar and Kugel give the designation Prussian Secret State Police Office , see: Alexander Bahar, Wilfried Kugel: Der Reichstagbrand . Ed. q, Berlin 2001, p. 197.
  9. ^ Business distribution plan of the Secret State Police Office from June 19, 1933, in: Christoph Graf: Political Police between Democracy and Dictatorship . Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 415.
  10. ^ Illustration of the arrest warrant against Thälmann in: Peter Przybylski: Mordsache Thälmann . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, p. 35.
  11. ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the SED (ed.): Ernst Thälmann - A biography . Dietz, Berlin 1980, p. 662, quoted in: Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 55.
  12. ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism (ed.): The Reichstag Fire Trial and Georgi Dimitroff, Documents, Volume I, Berlin 1982, p. 103, quoted in: Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 55.
  13. ↑ Peter Przybylski: Thälmann Mordsache . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, p. 33.
  14. ^ Heinz Willmann: History of the Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung 1921-1938 . Dietz, Berlin 1975 2 , p. 291 ( facsimile illustration of the copy of the arrest warrant in full).
  15. ^ Klaus Drobisch , Günther Wieland : System of the Nazi concentration camps 1933-1945 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1993, p. 55.
  16. ↑ a b c Kurt Rückmann: “Dr. Mittelbach, Dezernt 2a “, in: Die Weltbühne , 80th year, issue 40, October 1985, p. 1266.
  17. ^ Friedrich Winterhagen: Günther Gereke - A Minister in the field of tension of the Cold War - Biographical essay . 2nd, revised edition, Ludwigsfelder Verl.-Haus, Ludwigsfelde 2003, p. 40.
  18. ^ Christoph Graf: Political police between democracy and dictatorship . Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 278 and p. 431.
  19. ↑ Herbert Michaelis, Ernst Schraepler, Günter Scheel: Causes and Consequences - From the German collapse in 1918 and 1945 to the state reorganization of Germany in the present . 9th volume, document publ. Wendler, Berlin 1964, pp. 360–362 (full text).
  20. ^ A b c Benjamin Carter Hett : Crossing Hitler - The man who put the Nazis on the Witness Stand . Oxford Univ. Press, New York 2008, p. 164.
  21. ^ Carl von Ossietzky, Complete Writings, Volume VII: Letters and Documents, Hamburg 1994, pp. 518-520.
  22. ↑ Carl von Ossietzky, Complete Writings, Volume VII: Letters and Documents, Hamburg 1994, p. 1053.
  23. ↑ Klaus Drobisch: "Contemporary reports on Nazi concentration camps", in: Yearbook for History , Volume 26, Berlin 1982, pp. 103-133, here: p. 125.
  24. ↑ a b c Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum : Monument figure - Biographical approach to Hans Litten 1903 - 1938 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 236.
  25. ↑ Irmgard Litten: A mother fights against Hitler . Frankfurt / Main and Rudolstadt 1984; Bonn 2000, p. 22.
  26. ^ Carlheinz von Brück: A man who cornered Hitler - Hans Litten's fight against fascism - A documentation , 2nd supplemented edition, Union-Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 117.
  27. ↑ Irmgard Litten: A mother fights against Hitler . Frankfurt / Main and Rudolstadt 1984; Bonn 2000, pp. 25-25.
  28. ↑ Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum: Monument figure - Biographical approach to Hans Litten 1903 - 1938 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 238.
  29. ↑ Irmgard Litten: A mother fights against Hitler . Frankfurt / Main and Rudolstadt 1984; Bonn 2000, p. 29.
  30. ^ Heinz Ludwig Arnold: German Literature in Exile 1933-1945 - Documents and Materials , Volume I, Frankfurt / Main 1974, pp. 23-26.
  31. ^ Rolf Elias, The Society of Friends of the New Russia, Cologne 1985, p. 141.
  32. ^ Günther Wieland : That was the People's Court - investigations, facts, documents . State extension d. German Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1989, p. 32, FN 4.
  33. ↑ Stefan König: On the service of law - lawyers as defense lawyers under National Socialism . de Gruyter, Berlin 1987, p. 86 and FN 89 on p. 94.
  34. ↑ H. Bernhard et al., The Reichstag Fire Process and Georgi Dimitroff - Documents, Volume 1, Berlin 1982, p. 341 FN 3.
  35. ^ H. Bernhard, The Reichstag Fire Trial and Georgi Dimitrioff - Documents, Volume 2, Berlin 1989, p. 53.
  36. ^ Johannes Tuchel: Concentration Camp . Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1991, p. 66.
  37. ↑ Facsimile illustration of the decree of the Prussian Ministry of the Interior of April 24, 1933 for the establishment of larger concentration camps, in: Selected documents and materials on the anti-fascist resistance struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party of Germany in the Province of Brandenburg 1933-1939, Potsdam 1978, pp. 244-245 .
  38. ^ Christoph Graf: Political police between democracy and dictatorship . Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 368.
  39. ↑ a b Detlev Scheffler: Protective custody under National Socialism (1933 to 1945): The bureaucracy of the Reich Security Main Office and the persecution of the political opponent . Dissertation from FU Berlin, p. 176.
  40. ↑ Information from Mittelbach in: Mittelbach: "The criminal law protection in the war economy", in: German law , April 13, 1940, issue 15, pp. 553–559. In this article Mittelbach quoted from the judgment of the Erfurt Regional Court of December 21, 1939, Az .: 4 Ms 31/39.
  41. ↑ See foreword to Mittelbach's book on German Criminal Law , Berlin 1944.
  42. ↑ Peter Przybylski: Thälmann Mordsache . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, p. 127.
  43. ↑ Georg Biemann, Joachim Krischka (Ed.): Nazis, Skins and old comrades . Weltkreis, Dortmund 1986, p. 104.
  44. ^ Norbert Podewin (ed.): Braunbuch - war and Nazi criminals in the Federal Republic and Berlin (West) . Ed. Ost, Berlin 2002, p. 170.
  45. ↑ a b Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich, Stefanie Schüler-Springorum: Monument figure - Biographical approach to Hans Litten 1903 - 1938 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 237.
  46. ↑ Detlev Scheffler: Protective custody under National Socialism (1933 to 1945): The bureaucracy of the Reich Security Main Office and the persecution of the political opponent . Dissertation of the FU Berlin, 1998, p. 177.
  47. ↑ Max Fürst: Gefilte Fisch and how it went on . German Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2004, pp. 664–665.
  48. ↑ Deutsche Richterzeitung , Volume 43, December 1965, p. 414.
  49. ↑ Georg Biemann, Joachim Krischka (Ed.): Nazis, Skins and old comrades . Weltkreis, Dortmund 1986, p. 102.
  50. ↑ Peter Przybylski: Thälmann Mordsache . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, pp. 206f.
  51. ↑ Peter Przybylski: Thälmann Mordsache . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, pp. 207-209.
  52. ↑ Quoted in: Peter Przybylski: Mordsache Thälmann . Military publisher of Dt. Democrat. Republic, Berlin 1986, p. 208.
  53. ^ Christoph Graf: Political police between democracy and dictatorship . Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 171.
  54. ↑ Detlev Scheffler: Protective custody under National Socialism (1933 to 1945): The bureaucracy of the Reich Security Main Office and the persecution of the political opponent . Dissertation from FU Berlin, p. 175 FN 41.
  55. ↑ Georg Biemann, Joachim Krischka (Ed.): Nazis, Skins and old comrades . Weltkreis, Dortmund 1986, p. 105.
  56. ↑ Mittelbach visited the Sonnenburg camp on May 31, 1933 and arranged for Mühsam and Litten to be transported to Berlin, see: Rudolf Rocker: “Der Leidensweg von Zensl Mühsam”, in: Die Freie Gesellschaft , 1st year, issue 1, 1949 , P. 1ff, here: p. 5.
  57. ↑ The Times of August 16, 1934 “German Concentration Camps”, in: Charmian Brinson , Marian Malet (ed.): Rettet Ossietzky! Documents from the estate of Rudolf Olden . Bis, Oldenburg 1990, pp. 133-134.
  58. ↑ Heiko Roskamp (Ed.): Persecution and Resistance, Tiergarten - A District in the Field of Tension of History 1933-1945 , Edition Hentrich in Verl. Frölich u. Kaufmann, Berlin 1985, p. 56.
  59. ↑ Detlev Scheffler: Protective custody under National Socialism (1933 to 1945): The bureaucracy of the Reich Security Main Office and the persecution of the political opponent . Dissertation from the Free University of Berlin, p. 179.
  60. ↑ Georg Biemann, Joachim Krischka (Ed.): Nazis, Skins and old comrades . Weltkreis, Dortmund 1986, p. 103.
personal data
SURNAME Mittelbach, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mittelbach, Hans Hermann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH September 19, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 1986