Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA | |
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Surname | M. |
Possible time of origin | 60,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Asia or Africa |
predecessor | L3 |
successor | M1, M2, M3, M4'45, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10'42, M12'G, M13, M14, M15, M21, M27, M28, M29'Q, M31'32, M33, M34, M35, M36, M39, M40, M41, M44, M46, M47'50, M48, M49, M51, D |
Mutations | 263, 489, 10400, 14783, 15 |
The haplogroup M is a haplogroup of the mitochondria ( mtDNA ) in human genetics .
It is a macro-aplogroup that stretches across many continents and is a descendant of haplogroup L3 . It is the most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia and can be found all over India , where it makes up around 60% of the maternal lines.
According to the researchers, haplogroup M originated in Asia around 60,000 to 75,000 years ago.
M's descendants include C, D, E, G, Q, and Z. Z and G are found in Northern Eurasian populations, C and D in both Northern Eurasian and Native American populations, E in populations in Southeast Asia , and Q in Melanesian populations found. The M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M18 and M25 lines are only available in India. M2 is believed to be the oldest line on the Indian subcontinent. M7 and M8 are widely used in Eastern Eurasian lines.
Due to its old age, Haplogroup M is an mtDNA line that is not equivalent to today's ethnic groups, as it extends over Siberia , America , East Asia , Southeast Asia , Central Asia , South Asia , Melanesia , as well as Egypt , Ethiopia , Somalia and also in less Frequency is found in European and various populations in the Middle East .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ghezzi et al. (2005), Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians , European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, pp. 748-752.
- ↑ Edwin et al. (2002), Mitochondrial DNA diversity among five tribal populations of southern India (PDF; 63 kB), CURRENT SCIENCE, Vol. 83, No. 2, July 25, 2002
- ↑ Gonzalez et al .: Mitochondrial lineage M1 traces an early human backflow to Africa , BMC Genomics 2007, 8: 223 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-8-223 , PMC 1945034 (free full text)
- ^ Revathi Rajkumar et al.
See also
Web links
- Family tree of the haplogroup M
- Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup M ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Evolution Tree Haplogroup Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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