Mannheim main cemetery
The main cemetery Mannheim is the central burial place of Mannheim and is located in the district of Wohlhotels . Next to it is the Jewish cemetery that was built at the same time .
history
The new construction of the cemetery was decided on April 27, 1840 by the citizens' committee of the city of Mannheim. He replaced the denominational cemeteries in the city center. In addition to the flood-free location outside of residential areas, the possibilities for expansion were listed as an advantage. After the foundation stone was laid on April 13, 1841, the main cemetery was opened on July 14, 1842. The oldest part of the cemetery can be entered via the arcade building on Röntgenstrasse. The original 3.2 hectare area was expanded in several steps in 1856, 1871, 1881, 1892, 1900, 1937 and most recently in 1965 to the current total area of 34.4 hectares. The Roman numerals of the grave fields (I to VIII) indicate the respective extension and were laid out in the styles of the epochs. As part of the expansion in 1900, the old crematorium , which was in operation until 1983, was built. This function was taken over by the new crematorium, built between 1981 and 1983. The old morgue , demolished in 1964, was built between 1900 and 1903. In its place stands the new mourning hall completed in 1967 .
building
Entrance arcades
The entrance building was built by the architect and then city master builder Anton Mutschlechner between 1841 and 1842. The building covers the entire cemetery area at that time over a width of 125 meters. The hall in the middle forms the entrance area, the gable is crowned by a cross. Below the gable is the inscription: "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord, they rest from their work and their works follow them." . Wing structures are attached to the hall on both sides, followed by rows of arcades with 13 round arches, each finished with a corner pavilion. The wing buildings originally housed the overseer's apartment and a prayer room. The prayer room was converted into an urn hall in 1904 and the overseer's apartment in 1967. The tombs were located under the arcades, the corner pavilions served as mortuaries. The right corner pavilion has housed the Lanz family crypt since 1905, the left one is used as a transformer room. During the renovation in 1967 the arcade building was changed, the inscription was re-attached in 1992.
Old crematorium
The old crematorium, today's urn hall , was built between 1899 and 1900 on behalf of the Mannheim-Ludwigshafener Verein to build a crematorium and was one of the first in Germany where the idea of cremation was gaining increasing acceptance at that time. The building, built in light sandstone in the style of an ancient temple, was planned by the architects Josef Köchler and Georg Anton Karch, who were popular in Mannheim at the time. On February 16, 1901, the city of Mannheim took over the building and operation of the facility. The crematorium survived both wars unscathed, but in the 1950s it was felt to be outdated. The original demolition plans were given up in favor of an extension to the rear of the building, which was completed in 1958. The old crematorium was in operation until the completion of a new incinerator on the edge of the main cemetery in 1983. From 1987 to 1990 the extension and the extensions were demolished, the old crematorium was comprehensively renovated and reopened as an urn hall.
The 19.5 meter long and 12.5 meter wide sandstone building stands on a solid granite base . The entrance behind the antique-looking vestibule supported by four Ionic columns is reached via a flight of stairs . There are two 13.7 meter high pylons on each side and an apse on the back . The interior has been changed several times, most recently by converting it into an urn hall. The distant extension was a flat roof building from the 1950s, which was accessible via the outside staircase of the old crematorium.
Old morgue
The old morgue, demolished in 1964, was built between 1900 and 1903 in neo-Gothic style according to plans by the architect A. Arnold and the head of the municipal building construction department, Gustav Uhlmann . Construction was delayed because on June 26, 1902, when the scaffolding was dismantled, the south-east gable collapsed, killing two workers. On February 1, 1903, the morgue was put into operation. In place of the old morgue, the new mourning hall was built after its demolition.
The old morgue consisted of a central building with the main entrances and two long side wings in another axis. The 30 corpse cells were in the side wings, while the memorial hall, in which the funeral ceremonies took place, was in the central building.
New mourning hall
The new mourning hall was built in place of the old morgue between 1964 and 1967. The Mannheim architects Wilhelm and Karl Schmucker and Hans Scherrmann, who came second in the architectural competition, received the contract to build the building after no first prize had been awarded. The artist Théo Kerg took on the artistic design .
The mourning hall, built as a flat roof with glass concrete walls, is entered via the northwestern forecourt. To the south of it are the 16 corpse cells, which are separated by panes that extend from the floor to the ceiling. The corpse cells and the public toilets can be accessed via a separate north-eastern courtyard. The operating rooms adjoin to the southwest.
New crematorium
After the decision to give up the old crematorium, the new building on Gutenbergstrasse on the edge of the cemetery was built by the Mannheim architect Seraphin Zimmermann between 1981 and 1983. The plant was put into operation on January 10, 1983.
The two-storey building is closed off by a pyramid-shaped sheet copper roof on one side. The chimney into which the flue pipes open is located 18 meters away. On December 14, 2009, the facility caught fire during repair work and was badly damaged. The roof had to be completely renewed.
Monuments
A memorial on the field of honor in the main cemetery commemorates 511 dead, the victims of the euthanasia murders in Operation T4 , Soviet and Polish prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates who died . The chief police officer Viktor Link and three citizens who were murdered for degrading military strength are also commemorated there: Hermann Adis, Adolf Doland and Erich Paul.
Tombs
| Illustration | Tomb | Grave number | information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Bassermann | 30th | Actor, Oscar nomination as a supporting actor in the 1940 film Alfred Hitchcock's Foreign Correspondent. | |
| Anton Bassermann | President of the court, Member of the Second Chamber of the Baden Council of Estates. | ||
| Ernst Bassermann | Lawyer and politician. Chairman of the National Liberal Party and member of the Reichstag. | ||
| Friedrich Daniel Bassermann | 31 | Politicians, members of the Second Chamber of the Assembly of Estates of the Grand Duchy of Baden, significantly involved in the creation of the Frankfurt National Assembly. | |
| Julie Bassermann | Women's rights activist, President of the Badischer Frauenverein . | ||
| Maximilian Bayer | 111 | Officer, co-founder of the Boy Scout Movement . | |
| Otto Beck | 161 | Politician and first Lord Mayor of Mannheim. | |
| Christoph Heinrich Boehringer | 197 | Entrepreneur CF Boehringer & Sons ; Father of Albert Boehringer, the founder of CH Boehringer Sohn | |
| Fritz Cahn-Garnier | 351 | Politician, Minister of Finance of the State of Württemberg-Baden and Lord Mayor of Mannheim. | |
| Carl Clemm | Entrepreneur, co-founder of BASF , co-founder of the Waldhof pulp mill, now part of Essity | ||
| Jacob Friedrich Dyckerhoff | Builder and Architect | ||
| Wilhelm Gustav Dyckerhoff | 194 | Entrepreneur, German cement manufacturer and founder of Dyckerhoff AG | |
| Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg | 133 | Director of the premiere of Schiller's Robbers at the National Theater in Mannheim. | |
| August Dreesbach | 334 | Politician, Baden's first SPD member to be a member of the German Reichstag. | |
| Friedrich Engelhorn | 106 | Entrepreneur, founder of BASF | |
| Carl Wilhelm Casimir Fuchs | 225 | Geologist, mineralogist and botanist as well as founder of the Lower Luisenpark Mannheim . | |
| Carl Giulini | 196 | Entrepreneur, founder of the Giulini Brothers GmbH; Sandstone mausoleum with urn niches in the antique shape of a Roman round temple, based on a design by the architect Wilhelm Manchot | |
| Carl Andreas Glaser | 250 | Chemist, discoverer of carbazole and phenathrene , chairman of the supervisory board of BASF. | |
| Joseph Heinrich Groß von Trockau | Baron , Commander of the Teutonic Order , Hofrat , Oberamtmann and Chamberlain in the Prince Diocese of Bamberg . | ||
| Hermann Heimerich | 60 | Politician, mayor and honorary citizen of Mannheim. | |
| Josepha Ursula von Herding | Electorate of the Palatinate, daughter of Count Claude de Saint Martin and granddaughter of court sculptor Peter Anton von Verschaffelt . | ||
| Ludwig Jolly | 60 | Politician, First Mayor of Mannheim. | |
| August von Kotzebue | 138 | Dramatist and writer, his murder in 1819 served as the occasion for the Karlovy Vary resolutions . | |
| Heinrich Lanz | 10 | Entrepreneur, founder of Heinrich Lanz AG , merged with Deere & Company . | |
| Carlfried Mutschler | Architect, works and a. Multihalle , Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums , Mannheim town house . | ||
| Friedrich Bernhard Gottfried Nicolai | 183 | Astronomer at the Mannheim observatory | |
| Johann Wilhelm Reinhardt | 32 | Politician, first honorary mayor of Mannheim. | |
| Carl Reiss | 34 | Consul General and honorary citizen of the city of Mannheim, founder of today's Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums | |
| Karl Ludwig Sand | 83 | Fraternity member and murderer August von Kotzebues, executed in 1820. | |
| Franz Schnabel | 72 | Historian and honorary citizen of Mannheim, namesake of the Franz Schnabel Memorial Medal, an award from the Upper Rhine Foundation for History and Culture for high school graduates in Baden-Württemberg for outstanding achievements in history (awarded to the best of the year). | |
| Ferdinand Scipio | Entrepreneur and politician, co-founder of Rheinische Hypothekenbank . | ||
| Georg von Stengel | Electoral Palatinate Chancellery Director, State Councilor and Director of the Electoral Palatinate Academy of Sciences . | ||
| Joseph Gabriel von Stengel | Baden lawyer and civil servant. | ||
| Christian Philipp Stumm | 47 | Kurpfälzischer Hofbankier, co-founder of the mining company Gebrüder Stumm | |
| Carl Theodor von Traitteur | 73 | Palatinate-Bavarian court librarian writer, a. a. Novels, plays, statistical and constitutional treatises. | |
| Wilhelm von Traitteur | 73 | Civil engineer and pioneer in iron architecture, especially chain bridges . | |
| Wilhelm Varnholt | 169 | Politician, Lord Mayor of Mannheim. | |
| Theodor Waldner von Freundstein | Franco-German nobleman and military, lord of the Weinheim and Limburgerhof castle . | ||
| Friedrich Walter | 52 | Historian, first director of the Mannheim City Archives and director of the Palace Museum. | |
| Louise Weyland | 42 | Court councilor, educator of King Ludwig I (Bavaria) | |
| Harmen Jan van der Wijck | 3 | Dutch baron, general and landscape painter |
.jpg)
literature
- Moritz Eisenlohr (Ed.): Mannheim and its buildings. Mannheim 1906, pp. 401–408 (cemeteries and funeral services). ( online )
- Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): The monuments of the city district of Mannheim. Munich 1982, ISBN 3-422-00556-0 .
- Support group of historical graves in Mannheim eV (Hrsg.): The cemeteries in Mannheim. Guide to the graves of well-known Mannheim personalities. Mannheim 1992, ISBN 3-87804-213-2 .
- City Archive Mannheim, Institute for City History, Mannheimer Architektur- und Bauarchiv eV (Hrsg.): Mannheim and its buildings 1907–2007. Volume 5: Housing, social affairs, squares and green spaces. Mannheim 2005, ISBN 3-923003-89-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the Mannheim cemeteries - accessed on May 1, 2013
- ^ Franz Bernhard: Garden architecture plant in the support group of historical graves in Mannheim (ed.): Die Friedhöfe in Mannheim , page 47ff.
- ↑ Volker Keller: The buildings of the main cemetery in the support group of historical graves in Mannheim (ed.): Die Friedhöfe in Mannheim , page 35ff.
- ↑ Volker Keller: The old crematorium in Mannheim . In: Mannheimer Hefte 1985.
- ^ Henning Winter: The architecture of the crematoria in the German Reich 1878-1918. Dettelbach 2001. pp. 285-288
- ↑ Andreas Schenk: Cemeteries . In: Mannheim and its buildings 1907 to 2007. Volume 5: Housing, social issues, squares and green spaces. Page 144–145.
- ↑ Volker Keller: The old crematorium in Mannheim. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. News bulletin of the State Monuments Office. Edition 3.1985. Pages 141-145.
- ↑ Volker Keller: The old morgue in Mannheim. An obituary for a building. In: Mannheimer Hefte 1986. Pages 42-49.
- ↑ Volker Keller: The old morgue in Mannheim. An obituary for a building . In: Mannheimer Hefte 1986. Pages 42-49.
- ^ Wilhelm Schmucker: Mourning hall in the main cemetery in Mannheim. In: Bauwelt 45.1967. Page 1151.
- ↑ Crematorium - history and interesting facts on the homepage of the Mannheim cemeteries ( memento of the original from October 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - last accessed on May 12, 2013
- ↑ Susanne Räuchle: Fire at the Mannheim cemetery on 15 December 2009, news portal Morgenweb - last accessed on May 12, 2013
- ↑ Susanne Räuchle: Copper jacket envelops the crematorium of November 26, 2011, Morgenweb news portal - last accessed on May 12, 2013
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. Volume 1. Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 57ff.
- ↑ Numbering from the support group for historical graves in Mannheim (ed.): Taken from the cemeteries in Mannheim
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 26.7 ″ N , 8 ° 29 ′ 31.1 ″ E