Heath (Brühl)
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pagan
City of Brühl
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 8 ″ N , 6 ° 52 ′ 30 ″ E
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| Height : | 97 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 1383 (December 31, 2017) |
| Postal code : | 50321 |
| Area code : | 02232 |
 Heath, town view
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With 1,383 inhabitants (2017), Heide is one of the smaller districts of the city of Brühl in the Rhein-Erft district in North Rhine-Westphalia .
location
Heide lies on the upper eastern slope of the Ville in the foothills , the western edge of the inner Cologne Bay . The northern neighbor is the somewhat older and larger Kierberg . The city center of the main town of Brühl is about two kilometers to the southeast. Heide can be reached via the B 265 (Luxemburger Straße) or from the center of Brühl via the L 184 (Theodor-Heuss-Straße), junction Willy-Brandt-Straße. The city bus line 702 of the Brühler Stadtwerke goes to Heide as a means of public transport.
Early history
Today's town of Heide emerged from a small hamlet that was created by the settlement of secular workers for the Cistercian monastery of Benden Monastery , which was founded in 1207 .
In the Cologne State Description from 1669 (quoted in Rosellen), a lignite mine is listed for the Benden monastery in addition to many possessions. This leads to the conclusion that this raw material was mined and used at an earlier time.
The mills of the monastery on Siegesbach, today's Mühlenbach, such as the Bender mill and the Theism mill in Kierberg, were usually run by tenants at that time. They, too, need workers and can - alongside agriculture - be seen as a factor in increasing the settlement of workers and their families.
According to a register by the Kierberg pastor Mauel, in 1747 Kierberg and Heide had together 36 houses with 37 families. A house is given for the monastery itself (Rosellen). For Heide, 25 houses are given in 1750 ( Fritz Wündisch ).
Road cross from 1736
The oldest house (1750)
Klostermühle Benden around 1925 with Roddergrube chimneys on the left and Gruhlwerk on the right
A wayside cross erected at this time (1736) is in good condition at today's parish church of St. Maria Hilf not far from the monastery property.
Lignite mining in the early days
Before the industrially organized lignite mining in the Rhenish lignite district began , coal mining was done by hand. Pits three to four meters long were dug and the coal was transported out in baskets. If the “hollow” filled with groundwater with increasing depth, a new one was created next to it. The successfully cleared pit was filled with the newly accumulated overburden . However, this method, known as Kuhlenbau , could only be used if the overburden layer overlying the brown coal was not too thick. Alternatively, if the earth layer was too thick, the lignite was extracted underground in the Tummelbau . These early forms of promotion were mainly operated by local families and estate and monastery court people as part-time farming.
A large number of small businesses emerged that were not yet able to produce high quality fuel. Their air-dried logs did not fetch high prices and, because of their high water content, were at best inferior fuel for poor people. Traces of this degradation are difficult to find on the Villehang.
Industrialization with the brown coal
The place only really grew when, with industrialization after the Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871 and the founding years triggered by the reparations paid by France in 1871, new industries also emerged in the foothills.
Due to their proximity to lignite, these industries could now produce cost-effectively. This raw material was accessible in the entire southern Ville area near the surface; it had only received local attention so far and was now easy to dismantle. Labor was cheap, and environmental regulations that made products more expensive were still unknown.
First production sites
In the 1870s , the technically relatively well-equipped opencast mines Grube Berggeist , Grube Brühl, Roddergrube and Grube Donatus were established . Gruhlwerk I and II were built by the Brühl entrepreneur Hermann Gruhl southwest of the town of Heide in 1889 and named after him in recognition of his services.
Around 1911, Adolf Dasbach , son of a mining inspector at the Donatus lignite mine, took over mine management in the Brühl area. The recultivation of his charred pits is considered to be his greatest achievement.
What began as "extra income" for the poorer strata of the population developed through the manual production of house fire and the later improvement of the product through the invention of the Exter press (Carl Exter, 1816–1870) even to an industrial export. The problem of drying lignite was largely resolved after years of experimentation. From then on, a high-quality, stable and easily transportable fuel was produced, the briquette .
In March 1877, the first Rhenish briquettes were pressed in the Roddergrube factory on the western edge of today's Heider Bergsee . Settlements for the miners were built in the immediate vicinity of the mines, including in Heide. Other factories soon came into being at other industrial companies using lignite: for example the Brühl sugar factory (1883) with the connected Berggeist power station (1899). Lignite now changed the economy, nature and the entire life of the people in the region.
Railways, boom through export
In 1872/73 the first part of the Cologne – Kierberg – Liblar – Euskirchen state railway was built . Although it was mainly created for strategic military reasons, this modern transport connection brought enormous advantages to the emerging "Revier". Immediately conducive was the 1899/1901 from the West German railway company AG, Cologne, a narrow-gauge railway was built, from 1904 as a standard gauge - branch line operated Mödrath-Liblar-Brühl railway , with pit sidings the mines of the region with the main lines and the cross rail from Vochem connected with the Rhine port of Wesseling .
Shipping by ship was mainly to the south of Germany, exports to the Netherlands and Belgium use the train. The lines became lifelines for the beginning development of the new lignite deposits and the connected briquette factories. The station for Heide was the Gruhlwerk station . The line, nationalized in 1913, carried passenger traffic until 1927 and freight traffic until it was closed in 1966 . From 1942 the first sections from Liblar to Gruhlwerk / Heide were merged with the parallel main line. The Heide – Kierberg section was excavated in 1955.
Work and wages
As recently as 1890, workers were paid a meager wage of only half a thaler (1 thaler = 3 marks) for a twelve-hour shift with a two-hour break , because for years the demand for work was greater than the number of existing jobs. Shift wages rose only slowly from 1.50 marks in 1891 to 3.30 marks at the turn of the century. So you could often only build modest "Kotten" as a place to live.
- The construction of the little people, Kotten
These little houses built in half-timbered or brick- built houses have often been lovingly restored today in Heide, many of them on Hochstrasse and Villestrasse, and in other localities in the area. So a hamlet shaped by agriculture changed , until then probably stagnating in size for centuries, due to the influx of miners, many came from central Germany and Bavaria , to a larger settlement.
Heath after the world wars
Up until the currency reform , the works 'construction activities for the workers' apartments were limited to repairing the war damage. New construction only began in the early 1950s . Streets of streets, built in a style typical of that time, are still there today in Brühl-Heide. The upswing in the town of Heide was evident in a variety of ways. The gym, named after Paul von Hindenburg and still in use today, was built in the mid-1920s. A few buildings still exist in the village, made of red brick with the design common for that time (gable and window cornices ), including the former rectory of the emergency church from 1920. It is now the private property of a Heid citizen.
Old style of settlement
Heider Turnhalle (Hindenburg-Turnhalle) from 1927
Former rectory, Marienstraße
Emergency church and rectory around 1925
Structural change
In 1951 the level of briquette production of 1943/44 was reached again. After around 1957, production and sales slowly declined. There were more modern heating methods and appliances, especially cleaner ones. As in the first years of production, the briquette industry started an advertising campaign again because of stagnating sales . In 1959 the slogan, which is still known today, was created: “The next winter is definitely coming”. But the brown coal age was nearing its end.
At the beginning of the 1960s, the demand for lignite briquettes had dropped immensely and heating oil quickly gained large market shares. As a result of the changed conditions, the Rhenish lignite industry gradually shut down outdated or no longer profitable factories. As a result, the rail network of the entire region was also dismantled by the Deutsche Bundesbahn .
After the closure of the last mines and works a significant change occurred in the workplace. The lignite industry, which had dominated until then, was replaced by new forms of production and the service industry . The era of lignite left behind recultivated opencast mines, which are now under landscape or nature protection .
A local recreation area with forests and lakes was created in this artificially changed landscape . The Heider Bergsee , one of many lakes in the southern Ville in the Brühl area, has been approved for bathing and water sports. A circular path of around 6 kilometers in length, designed for nature and hiking enthusiasts, surrounds the lake and can be reached from several parking lots at different points as a starting point.
The former monastery gardens of the Benden monastery were released as building land and were used in the construction of a villa-like building with single-family houses surrounded by sections of the monastery wall.
In addition to the buildings bordering the Heider Bergsee, the area is now one of the best residential areas in Heide. The preserved part of the monastery complex from the Baroque period , a new building from the 18th century with remains from the 16th century, was expanded into a representative residential and office building. Inside, the original partly painted stucco ceilings from 1719 have been preserved. Today the property is an outstanding attraction in Heide and the whole area.
In August 2007 a celebration for the 800th anniversary of the monastery was held on site.
Worth seeing
- Heider mountain lake with circular hiking trail
- Former Cistercian convent in Benden
- Catholic parish church Maria Hilf from 1952/1954, architect Fritz Schaller
- Tax Museum in the Finance Academy
- Heider gym (formerly Hindenburg gym)
schools
After the closure of the old Heide elementary school , which is now renovated as a day care center for the workers' welfare , the school children from Heide have two Kierberg schools available:
- Melanchthon School - a community elementary school in Kaiserstraße
- Barbaraschule , a Catholic elementary school on the Mühlenbach.
The school district of Kierberg extends to the districts of Heide, Kierberg and Vochem and comprises the urban area north of the school district of the Astrid Lindgren School, Rodderweg and northwest of the school district of the Martin Luther School on Bonnstrasse.
- Federal Finance Academy , Willy-Brandt-Strasse
- Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration , Willy Brandt- Strasse
- Maria Montessori School for the Mentally Handicapped, Bergstrasse. The school is run by the Rhein-Erft district
Clubs and sports
Brühl-Heide has an active club life. Most of the associations are united in the Heide village community despite different interests . FC Viktoria Gruhlwerk is one of the oldest clubs in town . The club was founded in 1911 by workers from the local briquette factory and is currently playing with its first men's team in the county league. Another old and particularly homely association is the St. Hubertus Schützenbruderschaft Brühl-Heide 1927 .
Due to its location on the Heider Bergsee, the place is home to numerous clubs active in water sports:
- Villetaucher Brühl-Heide
- Folding boat friends Brühl
- Water sports enthusiasts Brühl-Heide
- Heiderbergsee sailing association
- Brühler Club for Motorsport
Literature and Sources
- Robert Wilhelm Rosellen: History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl , IP Bachem Verlag Cologne 1887
- City of Brühl / Rhld. / Rhein-Erft-Kreis: Information Management 2005.
- KStA: Cities in the Rhineland [1]
- (PDF file; 2.22 MB) Briquette Association then and now
- The history of FC Viktoria 1911 Gruhlwerk eV
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://offenedaten.kdvz-frechen.de/dataset/6af925ab-855f-457d-b3b8-7904f9faad3a/resource/6af925ab-855f-457d-b3b8-7904f9faad3a
- ↑ Bernd Imgrund , Nina Osmers : 111 places in the Cologne area that you have to see , Verlag Emons, Cologne, 2010, ISBN 978-3-89705-777-7 , place 24
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