Heinrich Rau (architect)

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Heinrich "Heinz" Pinchas Zevi Rau (born November 10, 1896 in Berlin , † February 13, 1965 in Bad Teinach , Calw district , Baden-Württemberg ) was an Israeli architect , interior designer, and urban and spatial planner . He was a leading exponent of the International Style in Israel and one of the earliest urban planners in Jerusalem and land planners in Israel during the period of Jewish immigration after the Israeli declaration of independence .

Life

Rau was the second eldest son of the Fürth- born, Jewish Berlin doctor Dr. med. Raphael Rau (1866–1947) and his wife Fanny Frumet, née Hirsch (1871–1934). He had five brothers, including the lawyer, judge, and advisor Arthur Aharon Rau (1895–1962), 1935–1938 director of the “Palestine Office” of the Jewish Agency for Israel , and two sisters, including Gerda Ziporah Rau, later married Ochs ( also Oaks , 1809–1999), the founder of a social service for women and social worker in the Israeli Ministry of Welfare.

Rau grew up in Wedding in Berlin . After an apprenticeship as a carpenter , which he began in 1911, he served in the First World War as a soldier in the German Army from 1914 to 1918 . In 1919 he took up studies at the teaching establishment of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin (from 1924 United State Schools for Free and Applied Arts ). In 1921 he was a student in Alfred Grenander's architecture class there . Until 1924 he worked in the office of the Berlin architect Bruno Paul . He broke off his studies and started his own business as an interior designer in 1924. Together with Heinrich A. Schäfer, he worked on various interior design projects from 1926 at the latest. From 1931 to 1933 they had a joint studio for interior design in the building of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin , Prinz-Albrecht-Straße . In 1930 Rau married Ida Hackenbrock (also Hackenbroch , 1904–2005, divorced 1963). In 1931 he received an honorary award from the German Building Exhibition in Berlin for sample designs for student apartments that he had developed together with Schäfer . The motto was "New Building and Living".

In the autumn of 1933, a few months after Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor , Rau emigrated via the Netherlands and Italy to the territory of the British League of Nations mandate for Palestine . There he worked until 1935 in the office of the architect and town planner Richard Kauffmann . In 1935 he founded his own architectural office in which he designed residential buildings in the modern style. In 1940/1941 the architect Gabriel Epstein (1918–2017) worked in his office .

In 1949 Rau was under Arieh Sharon , the head of Israel's first state planning agency working for the Ministry of the Interior , head of the 22-strong department for "active planning" after he and David Anatol Brutzkus (1910-1999) had already received the contract in 1948 To develop a master plan as a non-binding plan concept for the urban development of Jerusalem. This plan, completed in 1949, later called the "Rau Plan", which included all of Jerusalem (including the then still Jordanian East Jerusalem ) and its surroundings across borders, opened up the development of residential areas in the north-western parts of the city as well as along the hilltops and slopes in the hilly landscape from West Jerusalem . The plan kept a ring around the old city of Jerusalem and the valleys between the new building areas free as green corridors ; In this respect, the master plan followed the garden city concepts of earlier British planners in Jerusalem. In addition, the "Rau Plan" envisaged the settlement of government, cultural and university functions in Giwat Ram, where from the 1960s the new building for the parliament of Israel, the Knesset , was built. Rau concretized the plans for the Israeli government district in Giwat Ram from 1950 together with Kauffmann and Ossip Klarwein . As a spatial planner, Rau developed the first national plan for population distribution in Israel in 1949 together with Artur Glikson (also Arthur Glücksohn , 1911–1966) and Eliezer Leonid Brutzkus (1907–1987). His work for state planning ended in 1953.

From 1954 to 1958 Rau worked with his friend, the architect David Resnick . During this time, 1956/1957, one of his most important buildings was built, the Israel Goldstein Synagogue of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Giwat Ram, for which he and Resnick were awarded the 1964 Right Prize by the Israeli Architects' Association.

Around 1961 he took on a project and teaching position as a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Town and Country Planning at the University of Manchester . In 1964 he moved to Bad Teinach in the Black Forest . He died there in February 1965 at the age of 68.

Buildings / projects (selection)

Before 1933

  • Study in a rented apartment, Berlin, 1928 (together with Heinrich A. Schäfer)
  • Project "New Kitchen", Berlin, 1929 (together with Heinrich A. Schäfer)
  • Sample drafts of two student living rooms for the department "The Apartment of Our Time" as part of the German Building Exhibition Berlin 1931 (together with Heinrich A. Schäfer)
  • Designs of various furniture and complete facilities for offices, private households and villas, 1931–1933

1933-1945

Max Rosenbaum House , 1938, photo 2013
  • Philip's house and Gidon's house, Haifa, 1937/1938
  • Heinrich Benjamin apartment building, Jerusalem, 1938
  • Max Rosenbaum tenement house, Jerusalem, 1938
  • Tycho Villa in Mozah
  • Residential buildings in Tel Aviv, Tiberias, Gaza

After 1945

Israel Goldstein Synagogue on the campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Giwat Ram, 1957, photo 1964
  • Rau-Plan , master plan for Jerusalem and the surrounding area, 1948/1949
  • Israel Goldstein Synagogue of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Giwat Ram, Jerusalem, 1957 (together with David Resnick )
  • Einstein Institute of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Giwat Ram, Jerusalem, 1959
  • Hebrew Union College , Jerusalem, around 1960
  • Pennine Chain Ribbon City project , Northern England

Fonts (selection)

  • (with Heinrich A. Schäfer): Air shafts . In: Bauwelt , issue 41/1926.
  • (with Heinrich A. Schäfer): The new kitchen Berlin . In: Bauwelt , issue 17/1929, p. 402 f.
  • Quarters Instead of Zones . In: Engineering Survey , September 1942, pp. 26-28 (Hebrew).
  • (with Jacob Benor-Kalter): Architects Flay Knesset Design: Plan Must Reflect Needs . In: The Jerusalem Post , September 6, 1957.
  • No hurry to build . In: The Jerusalem Post , September 7, 1957.
  • Landscape planning - only in developing countries? In: Bauwelt , issue 46/1962, pp. 1281–1284.

literature

  • Walter Münz: Buildings by Heinz Rau in Israel . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , issue 67/1962, pp. 379–386.
  • Julius Posener : architect in three countries. On the death of Heinz Rau . In: Bauwelt , issue 23/1965, p. 656 f.
  • Rau, Heinz . In: Herbert A. Strauss , Werner Röder (eds.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933–1945 . Volume 2 / Part 1 A – K : The Arts, Sciences, and Literature . KG Saur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-598-10087-6 , p. 943 ( Google Books ).
  • Rau, Heinz . In: Klemens Klemmer: Jewish master builders in Germany. Architecture before the Shoah . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 978-3-4210-3162-4 , p. 276.
  • Heinz Rau . In: Myra Warhaftig : German Jewish architects before and after 1933 - Das Lexikon. 500 biographies . Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-4960-1326-6 , p. 402.

Web links

Commons : Heinz Rau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rau, Arthur Aharon . In: Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss (Hrsg.): Biographical manual of German-speaking emigration after 1933 . Volume 1: Politics, Economy, Public Life . KG Saur, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-11420-6 . P. 585 ( Google Books )
  2. ^ Rau, Heinz . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . 2nd edition, Volume 8: Poethen – Schlüter , KG Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-25030-9 , p. 200 ( Google Books )
  3. ^ Andreas Nachama , Julius H. Schoeps , Hermann Simon : Jews in Berlin . Henschel, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-8948-7461-2 , Volume 2, p. 225
  4. ↑ Joachim Nicolas Trezib: The theory of the central places in Israel and Germany. To Walter Christaller's reception in the context of Sharonplan and “Generalplan Ost” . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-033813-3 , p. 267 ( Google Books )
  5. ↑ Wendy Pullan, Maximilian Sternberg, Lefkos Kyriacou, Craig Larkin, Michael Dumper: The Struggle for Jerusalem's Holy Places . Routledge, New York 2013, ISBN 978-0-415-50535-2 , p. 62 ( Google Books )
  6. ↑ Michael Dumper: The Politics of Jerusalem Since 1967 . The Institute for Palestine Studies Series, Columbia University Press, New York 1996, ISBN 0-231-10640-8 , p. 95 ( Google Books )
  7. ^ Eyal Miron, Doron Bar: Planning and Conserving Jerusalem. The Challenge of an Ancient City 1973-2003 . Yad Yizhak Ben Zvi, Jerusalem 2009, p. 23
  8. ↑ Avital (Avni) Schechter: Planners, Politicians, Bureaucrats: The Israeli Experience in Physical Planning During Israel's Early Years . Haifa 1990, p. 123 f.
  9. ↑ Timothy Brittain-Catlin: Israel Goldstein Synagogue, Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel , website in the portal c20society.org.uk , accessed on January 10, 2020
  10. ↑ Victoria University of Manchester (Ed.): Calendar . Manchester 1961, p. 88
personal data
SURNAME Rau, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rau, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli architect, interior designer, urban and spatial planner
DATE OF BIRTH November 10, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1965
Place of death Bad Teinach , Calw district , Baden-Württemberg