Heinz Weil

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Heinz Weil (born December 11, 1913 ; † 1998 ) was a German resistance fighter against National Socialism. He was a foreign legionnaire , from 1969 to 1974 president of a civil senate of the higher regional court Stuttgart and from 1974 to 1978 president of the regional court Ellwangen. Heinz Weil left Germany on March 14, 1938 to join the Foreign Legion because he didn't want to wait in Germany until he had to go to the concentration camp. He fought as the leader of a grenade launcher group and took part in offensives against Italy in 1944 and in the advance of the Allies from southern France to Colmar in Alsace .

Youth and education

Heinz Weil's parents were the royal Württemberg public prosecutor Ludwig Weil, who died as a deputy sergeant on August 5, 1914, shortly after the start of the First World War, and Julie Weil b. Gutmann (born May 6, 1882, † after April 26, 1942 in the transit ghetto Izbica ). Weil's great-great-grandfather was Elias Gutmann († 1871), a founding member of the Supervisory Board of the Württemberg Central Bank. Heinz Weil was baptized as a Protestant. From 1923 to 1932 he attended the Karls-Gymnasium Stuttgart . In 1932 he began studying law at the University of Heidelberg and attended the introductory lectures by Gustav Radbruch . He continued his studies in Munich , Kiel and Berlin . He passed the first state examination in 1935 with “commendable”, the second best mark after “excellent”. In the same year, Weil became a Dr. jur. PhD. The dissertation dealt with the question of whether the state should reimburse a rescuer who disarms a gunman and suffers physical damage in the process. Weil was based on the claim to sacrifice for the common good of the Prussian General Land Law . Weil estimated the scientific value of his dissertation to be rather low. Similar case constellations later became so significant that the legislature allowed injured rescuers to benefit from statutory accident insurance from 1963.

Ways out of the persecution

Street scene in Nahariya, 1950s

Weil was not admitted to the preparatory service for the second state law examination, which is a prerequisite for all legal professions. The court trainee was a revocable civil servant and Jews were no longer allowed to hold public offices. Because of this, Weil tried to get a job in the Kleemann iron foundry in Stuttgart-Obertürkheim in 1935, where he was dismissed as a Jew in the same year. In order not to just wait and see whether he had to go to a concentration camp, he visited the Nahariya settlement in northern Palestine on the border with Lebanon in 1936 . The twenty-three-year-old couldn't imagine how a feeling of home would develop in him, where future compatriots wore caftans and sidelocks and were reluctant to milk the cows on Saturdays. Weil returned to Germany and found work in an oil shop in 1937. Weil's passport expired in 1938 and Weil could not have got a new one. He left Germany on March 14, 1938 via Kehl am Rhein with the aim of joining the Foreign Legion.

In the Vichy-loyal Foreign Legion

Mother House of the Foreign Legion in Sidi bel Abbès

Due to good physical fitness, he was accepted into the Legion in Strasbourg and immediately began his service in Sidi-bel-Abbès in Algeria. The basic training took place in Saida , 100 km southeast of Sidi-bel-Abbès on the southern slope of the Tell Atlas. In 1939, Weil took part in the private training course in Sidi-bel-Abbès and was appointed private deputy because the war broke out without the previously usual examination. In the same year it was moved to Gabes in Tunisia and even closer to the Tripolitan border. Weil was used there to expand the Mareth Line , which was supposed to protect Tunisia from an Italian attack from occupied Libya. In November 1939, Weil was promoted to corporal. In May 1940, Weil was relocated to Djerba, where the Foreign Legion was supposed to repel an expected Italian attack. On June 10, 1940, Italy declared war on France; on June 24, 1940, both powers signed an armistice. Italy demanded the demilitarization of Tunisia. Because of the evacuation of Tunisia, Weil was first transferred to Tebessa in Algeria and then transferred to the 68th African Artillery Regiment in Sidi-bel-Abbès.

One unit of the Foreign Legion served the rump state of Vichy , the other the free France. In a vacation home of the Foreign Legion in Arzew , Weil gained an overview of the opposing ideas of loyalty in the Foreign Legion. The representative of free France, General de Gaulle, was seen in Arzew as a traitor. At the turn of 1941/1942, Weil was assigned to the NCO School in Saida. In 1942 Weil was transferred to the 3rd Battalion of the 1st Etrangere Regiment in Aïn Sefra.

Stumbling block Julie Weil
Izbica Ghetto

In principle, the Foreign Legion was governed by an "Aryan paragraph", that is, Jews were excluded from service. However, this rule was not applied in the 1st Etrangere Regiment. On April 26, 1942, Weil's mother, Julie Weil, was deported to the Izbica transit camp, where she was later killed. Weil planned a hijacking of a plane in order to get through to the Allies in order to take part in the fighting. The plan could not be carried out because there was no suitable pilot. The third battalion was relocated to Colomb-Bechar , so that Weil was not deployed with the 1st regiment against the troops advanced to Tunisia under Kesselring on November 9, 1942 . But he was posted to the 1st US Infantry Division to get to know the modern American equipment.

In the Foreign Legion of Free France

On December 24, 1942, the High Commissioner of France in Africa and de Gaulle's opponent, François Darlan , was shot by the Gaullist Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Because of this, Weil had to set the flag at half-mast against his will in Ain Sefra. Weil succeeded in being transferred to the 1st Regiment de la Marche, of which some battalions on the side of Free France and the Western Allies had participated in the Tunisian campaign, and he continued to commit himself for 1943. On April 4, 1943, he was transferred from Ain Sefra to Tunisia and received the legion name Paul Bernard. He took part in the Tunisian fighting, including the battle at the Djebel Zaghouan . On May 12, 1943, Army Group Africa capitulated with 250,000 men, Germans and Italians.

Because and the liberation of Europe

In order to be able to take part in the further advance of the Allies, Weil let himself be recruited in a recruiting office for Gaullist troops in Algiers. Weil was assigned to the 1st Division Française Libre, which, at the instigation of Henri Giraud , the High Commissioner for French North and West Africa , was stationed in the Libyan city of Zuwara just off the eastern border of Tunisia. The division was incorporated into the British Eighth Army and the atmosphere was therefore British. The core of the 1st Division was the 13th Demi-Brigade de Legion Etrangere . The 13th Half Brigade was set up in Great Britain on March 1, 1940 to assist Finland in the Winter War against the Soviet Union. It initially consisted of two battalions with 55 officers, 210 NCOs and 1984 men. Their first use was on May 28, 1940 in the relief of Narvik. On June 28, 1940, at the instigation of Marie-Pierre Kœnig, 28 officers and around 900 men, mainly from the first battalion, joined Charles de Gaulle and stayed in Great Britain. 31 officers and 636 men, mainly from the 2nd Battalion, were transferred to Morocco. The 13th half-brigade had participated in the battles of Dakar in September 1940, Gabon in November 1940, Keren in March 1941, Massaoua in April 1941, Syria in June 1941, Bir Hakeim in March 1942 and el Alamein in October 1942 until 1943 .

Liberation of Italy

Radicofani Castle

Weil became the leader of a grenade launcher group with two overlong, precise 8.1 cm Italian-style pipes. In early 1944, the 1st Division Français Libre was integrated into the 5th US Army . With the exception of the mortars, the division enjoyed improved equipment. The 5th US Army was scheduled for the first Allied attack on Central Europe . Weil was moved from Bizerta to Naples by ship in April 1944 . First he took up position on the Garigliano River and then took part from May 11, 1944 in the decisive Allied final offensive against the Gustav Line . After the breakthrough through the Gustav Line, Weil was also involved in the breakthrough through the Adolf-Hitler Line, which was later called the Senger Line. On June 18, 1944, the 13th half-brigade attacked Radicofani Castle, located between Rome and Florence . Weil attacked the castle from behind with his grenade launchers. For this he was awarded the Croix de guerre .

Liberation of France

Landing scene in Cavalaire-sur-Mer

The 1st Division Français Libre and thus the 13th half-brigade also had to take part in the third Allied invasion in southern France and was integrated into the 7th US Army for this purpose . On August 8, 1944, she marched via Naples, where Weil got to know the extensive black market , to Taranto and was shipped there to the Hyerian Islands . The landing took place between Cavalaire-sur-Mer and La Croix-Valmer . The soldiers had to climb down on nets from the ships. Weil succeeded in capturing a heavy coastal cannon protected by a bunker from the land side with his two grenade launchers . The 13th half-brigade marched up the Rhone Valley fighting and reached Lyon on September 3, 1944. The next important combat mission was to cut off the retreat of the 19th Army . The 1st Division Française Libre was supposed to smash the Alsace bridgehead , also known as Poche de Colmar. In October and November 1944, Weil took part in the trench warfare over the Vosges . Opponent was the 269th Infantry Division relocated from Norway .

Attack on the Alsace bridgehead from the northeast

The Vosges fights were difficult because of the extreme cold, wetness and snow. Treadmills and teller mines with wooden and aluminum housings that could not be detected electromagnetically were hidden on paths and streets. The barriers made from felled trees were also mined, so that the tree trunks had to be pulled away from a distance with wire rope winches. During the attack on the Ballon d'Alsace , Weil was injured in the hand by a shrapnel at the Saut de la Truite, so that he was posted to Montpellier to convalesce until the end of 1944 . On January 23, 1945, Weil again took part in an attack on the Alsace bridgehead, near Guémar , north of Colmar. The end of the fighting over the Alsace bridgehead is believed to have ended on February 9, 1945, when a large part of the German troops withdrew over the Rhine bridge at Chalampé and blew up the bridge. Any troops remaining in Alsace were wiped out at Guebwiller. The fighting in Alsace cost the 13th Half Brigade 40% casualties, 1,026 dead and wounded. Because of this, and because of inadequate equipment, the 13th half-brigade was relocated to the Mediterranean Alps in February 1945. Weil had to participate in the border adjustment with Italy and came to Isola in the Tinéetal at the Lombard pass . The contract ended with the partial surrender of the German troops from Caserta on April 29, 1945. On June 18, 1945 Weil took part in a parade on the Champs Elysèes, which was organized to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the London Appeal by Charles de Gaulle. He was then sent to a six-month officer course in Coëtquidan , where the bombed-out Saint-Cyr military school had been relocated. Weil passed the final exam in the top group of graduates. On December 21, 1945, Weil was transferred to Stuttgart.

New beginning in Germany

Borders in Baden and Württemberg 1945–1952

At the beginning of 1946, Weil sought out Reinhold Maier in Stuttgart, who had been Prime Minister of Württemberg-Baden since September 14, 1945 . Justice Minister Josef Beyerle took part in the conversation and advised Weil against coming to Germany. He could hardly gain a foothold here because it was uncertain whether an internal change had taken place after the externally brought about end of the persecution of the Jews. Maier and Beyerle advised him to turn to Carlo Schmid , who was the President of a State Secretariat for Württemberg-Hohenzollern in the French occupation zone, which saw itself as an out-of-home nurse for the Württemberg-Baden government in Stuttgart. Carlo Schmid made Weil an offer after a meeting of the provincial board of directors to serve as a councilor in Württemberg. But Weil wanted to play a central role in the reconstruction of Germany and applied to the Berlin Police Headquarters, which was located in the eastern sector of the city. The police chief Paul Markgraf , who had come to Berlin as an anti-fascist prisoner of war with the Ulbricht group , rejected Weil as an exile from the West. In order to be able to stay in Berlin, Weil worked as a construction worker in Berlin-Wilmersdorf. At the turn of the year 1946/47, Weil applied to the central administration of the German justice system, which was supposed to set up the judiciary in the Soviet occupation zone. Its president, the experienced judicial politician Eugen Schiffer , advised Weil that he should first complete his legal training with the second state examination, because broken-off giants are not needed in the judiciary.

Resumption of legal training

In order to be admitted to the legal preparatory service, Weil turned again to Carlo Schmid , who referred him to Ministerialrat Gebhard Müller , who would later become Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg and President of the Federal Constitutional Court. Weil started his legal traineeship in Tübingen. Contrary to the usual pattern, the legal clerkship did not begin with the civil station at the local or regional court, but with the administrative station. Weil was assigned to the price control authority in the district administration office. This was followed by the criminal law department that Weil served at the Tübingen public prosecutor's office. The civil law station for Weil took place at the Tübingen District Court; The training judge was Paul Wilhelm Wenger , who would later become a journalist for the Rheinischer Merkur, which was important until 1979. Fritz Baur , whose 18th edition textbook will be continued in 2017 , was the head of the working group for civil law, i.e. the practical lessons . One of Weil's classmates was Rolf Serick , who in 1963 was to publish a basic monograph on “ Retention of Title and Transfer of Securities” in six volumes. Weil completed his legal education with the Second State Examination, 13 instead of three years after the First State Examination.

Weil started his first position as a lawyer at the time of the currency reform on June 20, 1948 with a lawyer in Tübingen. On July 15, 1948 he married Christel Weil b. Hamann (born December 24, 1920, † June 29, 2011). The marriage had two children. Although Weil was subject to the Nuremberg Laws and had not been in Reich territory since 1938, he had to undergo a denazification process. On November 21, 1948, he was classified as unencumbered because he only belonged to the Association for Germanism Abroad . From September 1949, Weil worked as an associate lawyer for the lawyer and notary Eduard Leuze in Reutlingen.

Heinz Weil as a judge

Early judging years

On November 2, 1954, Weil joined the service of the State of Baden-Württemberg as a judge and became a judge at the Stuttgart Regional Court. There he had to deal with divorce cases that were before the establishment of the family courts due to the major family law reform on July 1, 1977 in the regional courts. During his first time as a judge, Weil discovered a greater willingness in Germany to deal with the murder of Jews, and attributed this mainly to the publication of Anne Frank's diary , which was first published in German in 1950 by Lambert Schneider . From 1956 he led the theoretical accompanying lessons in civil law for trainee lawyers at the Stuttgart Regional Court. In 1959, Weil became an assistant judge at the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court in the Senate of the President of the Higher Regional Court Richard Schmid , who had to serve a three-year prison sentence in the Third Reich. He was then transferred to the District Court of Waiblingen as District Court Counselor and then as District Court Councilor to the District Court of Stuttgart. In mid-1961 he was appointed district court director and became chairman of a civil chamber. Weil took over the Chamber for Commercial Matters , which is staffed by two honorary judges. During this activity, the publication Der Handelsrichter und seine Amt was created , the sixth edition of which was last published in 2011. From 1964, Weil worked for the state professional court for dentists and chaired a disciplinary body for civil servants. In 1968, the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Justice intended to propose Weil as a judge at the Federal Court of Justice. Weil declined because he would have had to devote himself to dogmatic subtleties instead of practical conflict resolution.

Higher Regional Court and Regional Court Ellwangen

District Court Ellwangen

In 1969, Weil became president of a civil senate at the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court. During this time Heinz and Christel Weil translated Paul Bonnecarrère's book Pour la sang versé , which was published in German in 1974 under the title of France's Foreign Sons. Foreign legionaries appeared in the Indochina War . In 1974 Weil was appointed President of the Ellwangen Regional Court and retired from there at the end of 1978. In the same year he was made a Knight of the French Legion of Honor . Until 1981 he was still active as an examiner for the second state examination in law and as a judge at the Baden-Württemberg Medical Professional Court. In 1986 he published his memoirs: Am Rande des Strudels: Memories 1913–1982. Peter Scholl-Latour wrote the foreword . The book was published in France in 1992 under the title: Heinz Weil-Bernard: Contre-moi de la Tyrannie: Souvenirs 1913-1990 . The book was translated by Renèe Kaiser and Arno Meyer.

Publications

  • Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: memories 1913–1982. 1st edition Stuttgart 1986, 2nd edition Stuttgart 1988.
  • Heinz Weil-Bernard: Contre-moi de la Tyrannie: Souvenirs 1913 - 1990. Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1992. Translated by Renée Kaiser and Arno Meyer
  • Klaus Lindloh / Heinz Weil: The commercial judge and his office. 6th edition Munich 2011.
  • Paul Bonnecarrère: France's foreign sons. Foreign legionnaires in the Indochina War. Translated by Heinz and Christel Weil. Stuttgart 1974. Original title: Paul Bonnecarrère: Par le sang versé, La Légion étrangère en Indochine, Fayard, 1968.

Literature / magazines

  • John W. Osborn Jr: French Foreign Legions Demi-Brigade Fought in World War II. Military History Monthly, London December 2006, Vol. 23, No.9.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 38.
  2. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 12 f.
  3. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 19.
  5. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 25.
  6. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 35 f.
  7. ↑ § 75 of the General Land Law for the Prussian States
  8. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 37.
  9. ↑ § 539 Paragraph 1 No. 9 lit. c RVO, from 1977 § 2 Paragraph 1 No. 13 lit. c SGB VII
  10. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 39.
  11. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 40 f.
  12. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 41.
  13. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 42.
  14. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 43.
  15. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 50.
  16. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 63.
  17. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 66.
  18. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 67.
  19. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 73 f.
  20. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 75.
  21. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 76.
  22. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 80.
  23. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 84.
  24. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 87.
  25. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 88.
  26. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 89.
  27. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 91.
  28. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 93.
  29. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 94.
  30. ↑ John W. Osborn Jr: French Foreign Legions Demi-Brigade Fought in World War II. Military History Monthly, London December 2006, Vol. 23, No.9.
  31. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 95.
  32. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 96.
  33. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 97.
  34. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 99.
  35. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 100.
  36. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 101.
  37. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 102.
  38. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 105.
  39. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 107.
  40. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 110.
  41. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 111.
  42. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 115.
  43. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 114.
  44. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, pp. 118, 121.
  45. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, pp. 119, 121.
  46. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 122.
  47. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 125.
  48. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 131.
  49. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 134.
  50. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 135.
  51. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 128.
  52. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 139.
  53. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 144.
  54. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 146.
  55. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 147.
  56. ^ A b Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 150.
  57. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 151.
  58. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 152.
  59. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 156.
  60. ↑ Heinz Weil: On the edge of the vortex: Memories 1913–1982. 2nd edition, Stuttgart 1988, p. 168.
personal data
SURNAME Because, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighters against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH December 11, 1913
DATE OF DEATH 1998