Reischach (noble family)
The barons of Reischach , who have been attested since 1191 ("Ulrich von Reischach") and their family castle Burrach near the forest district of Reischach, are a typical petty nobility that never achieved outstanding fame in themselves or in individual members, but their representatives in southwest German history , especially in the environment of the House of Württemberg , appeared again and again in modern times.
history
The Reischacher could not long stay in their area of origin. In the immediate vicinity, a monastery was founded in 1212 by the Staufer ministerial Burkhard von Weckenstein . The Wald monastery was only two kilometers away from Burrach Castle. The newly founded monastery tried from the beginning to bring the area in its immediate vicinity under its influence. In fact, the monastery succeeded in expanding its possessions and thus also its ruling position, also through its good relations with the Staufer emperors. Logically, it displaced the Reischach family and managed to sign a contract with them as early as 1290, in which the monastery’s interests in acquisition and expansion were spatially determined. Since the transition to the Wald monastery, the Reischachers are no longer resident in Reischach, their castle was razed by 1241 at the latest .
The family of the Knights of Reischach is recorded in documents in the vicinity of the Hohenstaufen ministerial family of the Counts of Pfullendorf in 1191. Ulrich von Reischach was probably a servant to Count Rudolf von Pfullendorf , who in turn had a very close relationship with Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa and transferred his rule to him after Rudolf's only son Berthold had fallen in 1167.
Perhaps the death of Pfullendorf's employer in 1180 contributed to the abandonment of Reischach rule, and in the 13th century they gradually bequeathed their possessions to the monastery in Wald.
At the end of the 14th century, four brothers were recorded as condottiere in Italy: Johann, Eberhard, Albrecht and Konrad. Johann flat Reischach was already in 1356 in the service of the Papal States . In 1364 he was Marshal of the Great Company, an association which was mostly made up of German mercenaries. In 1369 he moved against Perugia on behalf of the Pope and defeated the English company. But he changed fronts again and fought with John Hawkwood against the Pope, whereupon he was banned by him. In 1371 Johann Flach von Reischach was in the service of the Visconti , in 1373 again from Perugia. In 1379 he succeeded, possibly with the support of his brother Konrad, who had only served briefly in Italy and instead entered diplomatic service with the Pope in Avignon, to undo the papal ban, for which he even made a pilgrimage to Avignon. In the meantime he also stayed in southern Germany, for example when he acquired the Jungnau rule in 1367 - with money earned in Italy . In 1382 he finally returned to Swabia, where he became Vogt of Schelklingen in 1383 .
The aforementioned Konrad von Reischach also came to the court of King Wenceslas in his service for the Pope in Avignon. He was very influential and able to lend large sums of money. He was particularly honored by the cities of Nuremberg and Augsburg. At the court of Pope Clement VII in Avignon , he met the widowed Isabella, daughter of King Jacob III. from Mallorca. But his kingdom had already been destroyed by King Pedro IV in 1343 . They married in 1375. The marriage with the king's daughter resulted in a son, Michael. About 10 years later, father and son returned to Swabia without their mother. In 1395 Michael is named as a knight. Nevertheless, in 1409 an expert opinion was provided that was to confirm his royal descent, which was probably doubted in Swabia.
Father and son bought Gaienhofen Castle . In connection with the Council of Constance , both held a festival at their castle in 1417. Following this party, Michael was murdered by two guests, a Mr. von Randegg and a Mr. von Stuben, for an unknown reason. His father died a year later. How closely this medieval life story was interwoven into modern times is shown by the strange application of a Count von Reischach from Vienna who, based on these events, raised claims to the Spanish throne in 1870.
Another daughter of Konrad was the Walder Cistercian Anna von Reischach.
Before 1468 the family acquired goods in Rieth, Nussdorf and Eberdingen (1469) through purchase and marriage and placed themselves in the service of the Württemberg house. The count family still exists today. The family owns Riet Castle , but their Nussdorf Castle , which has been rebuilt several times, is no longer in family ownership.
At the end of the 16th century the lords of Reischach were very wealthy: They owned the castles Dietfurt , Hornstein , Heudorf, Straßberg , Jungnau and others. Branch lines sat on the castles Hohenstoffeln , Mägdeberg , Stüßlingen , Wurmlingen , Neuhewen and Immendingen .
The family had some outstanding personalities. It was Eiteleck von Reischach who defied the Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 , Hans Lienhard von Reischach, who defended Hohenasperg in 1519 , Amalia von Reischach , the abbess in Lindau and entertained Emperor Maximilian.
Eberhard von Reischach supported Duke Ulrich von Württemberg and wanted to defend his children at the Tübingen castle, but surrendered with 70 other nobles shortly after the siege of the castle by Georg von Frondsberg began on Easter Monday 1519. In 1525 he married Katharina von, who was born in Meßkirch Zimmer , the last abbess of the Fraumünster monastery in Zurich . Eberhard later excelled as a mercenary buyer for Duke Ulrich von Württemberg, who had been expelled from the country, which is why he initially fell out of favor in Zurich, but returned with his wife in 1529. He fell in the Second Kappel War in 1531 .
Members of the Reischach family (selection)
- Amalia of Reischach (1447-1531), 1491-1531 Abbess of Lindau Abbey
- Eberhard von Reischach († 1491), from 1482 to 1491 abbot in the monastery of St. Blasien in the southern Black Forest
- Lorenz von Reischach, 38th abbot of the Rheinau monastery , 1478–1483
- Hugo von Reischach (1854–1934), royal Prussian head stable master in Berlin and Potsdam, head of the Marstall of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- Karl von Reischach (1763–1834), Württemberg State Minister
- Leo von Reischach (1804–1875), senior administrator in Württemberg and member of the state parliament
- Sigmund von Reischach (1809–1878), Imperial Chamberlain , Privy Councilor , Feldzeugmeister , Theresa Knight and owner of Infantry Regiment No. 21 as well as Bailli and Plenipotentiary Minister and Envoy of the Order of Malta in Vienna.
- Hans Joachim von Reischach (1908–1966), German journalist
- Kimsy von Reischach (1974), presenter and actress
See also
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Reischach, the barons of, genealogy . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 25th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1873, p. 241 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Reischach, the barons of, coat of arms . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 25th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1873, p. 243 ( digitized version ).
- Casimir Bumiller: History of the Swabian Alb. From the ice age to the present . Casimir Katz Verlag, Gernsbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-41-5 . , especially the chapter “Swabian Knights in Italy”, p. 113 ff.
- Wald community (ed.): 800 years of forest . Meßkirch 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-023978-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dagmar Stuhrmann: Lautlinger Ritter falls out of favor. ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Zollern-Alb-Kurier. November 16, 2012.
