Hohenstoffeln ruins

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Hohenstoffeln ruins
Hohenstoffeln in the 17th century

Hohenstoffeln in the 17th century

Alternative name (s): Front, middle and back fabrics
Creation time : around 1034
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Wall remains
Standing position : Nobles
Place: Hilzingen -Binningen
Geographical location 47 ° 47 '42.3 "  N , 8 ° 45' 1.2"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '42.3 "  N , 8 ° 45' 1.2"  E
Height: 841.8  m above sea level NN
Hohenstoffeln ruins (Baden-Württemberg)
Hohenstoffeln ruins

The Hohenstoffeln ruin is a complex consisting of three hilltop castles , namely Vorderhohenstoffeln, Mittelhohenstoffeln and Hinterhohenstoffeln . It is located in the municipality of Hilzingen in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg . All three castles have been ruins since the Thirty Years War .

location

The castles are located on the Hohenstoffeln at 841.8 meters above sea ​​level 1800 meters east of the Binningen district of the Hilzingen community.

Hinterstoffeln Castle was on the north summit and Vorderstoffeln Castle was on the south summit . Mittelstoffeln Castle was located in the saddle of the mountain .

history

Hohenstoffeln Castle was first mentioned in 1034. In 1056, Bishop Gebhard von Regensburg , the brother of Emperor Conrad II , was named at Hohenstoffeln Castle because of secret alliances against Emperor Heinrich III. held captive.

The castles Vordolzeneln and Mittelstoffeln were built later, all castles were first mentioned in 1299.

In 1067 Ludwig von Pfullendorf - Ramsberg zu Stoffeln, the Staufers and from 1236 until their extinction in 1399 the lords of Stoffeln are named as owners . Another family acquired the imperial fief of middle Hohenstoffeln in the middle of the 14th century and also called themselves Lords of Stoffeln after their new ancestral seat. In 1433 the "rear" castle, the northern castle, came into the possession of the von Stoffeln family, which died out in 1579. The von Reischach family had been sitting on the “front” castle since 1420 . 1623 the lords of Hornstein are named.

Castles and Berg Hohenstoffeln were part of the Landgraviate of Nellenburg .

The Hohenstoffeln castles were destroyed in the Thirty Years' War by Otto Ludwig von Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen, Count of the Rhine . After conquering Rheinfelden, Laufenburg and Waldshut, on July 14, 1633, with 8,000 Swedes and Württembergers and heavy artillery, he moved in front of and on the Hohenstoffeln and bombarded the castles. Then the farmers in the area had to grind down the walls that were still standing . The north side of the former volcanic chimney served as a basalt quarry until 1939 ; the writer Ludwig Finckh tried to preserve the mountain.

René du Puy-Montbrun, seigneur de Villefranche et de la Jonchère was captured on January 16, 1633 at Randegg Castle and brought to Hohenstoffeln Castle, where he escaped according to the diary entry of Georg Michael Wepfer (1591-1659), the father of the Schaffhausen doctor Johann Jakob Wepfer : on a rope, if he is in bed, through the secretly made over the castle wall . He immediately retaliated and had Weiterdingen cremated, and he handed the castle of Weiterdingen and the rule of Grüningen over to the Württemberg council of Offenburg.

Contemporary diary report on the destruction

After the only son of Count Maximilian von Pappenheim , Heinrich Ludwig von Pappenheim, on June 27, 1633, in an attempted attack (together with Swiss mercenaries, i.e. the Protestant party, and on instructions from Gustav Adolf , against the imperial ones) on those in the administration of the Balthasar Ferdinand von Hornstein located locks front and middle Stoffeln , (the castle back Stoffeln was in possession of Bilgeri of Reischach , the three locks but were fiefs , and Ferdinand was a son of Conrad of Stoffeln ), was killed by a shot in the head, said from Dießenhofen native councilor and reindeer , Georg Michael Wepfer (1591–1659), the father of the Schaffhausen doctor Johann Jakob Wepfer , who was also present in Schanzgraben, continues to report in his diary: “Your Excellency Herr Rheingraf was so excited about July 20th The Stofflen Castle was shot, the wall in the old one towards Wyterdingen had half fallen away ; So when the people in the castle worried that they announced the old castle would no longer be received, they lit the old castle (others want it to be caused by them, others, it was ignited by a ball of fire) before the same night completely drained, after which the occupied ones gave way to the new castle and let out a strong fire; The next day Herr Rheingraf had three large pieces led through the old lock towards the new one and shot openly the new lock, which soon perforated the round thurn and shot through the room into the new lock, so that in the evening she accorded it and That closed, that they got quarters, with sticks removed, the commandant Lorenz Eckart von Bretten outside of the Palatinate pardoned, the one from Engen , who was captured in 12, afterwards opened several, gave the lock to the soldiers. On July 21st, I rode into the Leger with Captain Hanß Wilhelm im Thurn , Herr Alexander Hurtern and others, even at an earlier time, after which I came to both castles, there was a terrible plundering, smashing, breaking open, it was a big good thing Finds, fornmally plastered there by the neighbors, were brought out in 200 for all sorts of fruits, cabbage and lot, haußrath and other things, got books in 24th, so I was venerated by soldiers for a spot and a small drink . On July 24th the beautiful and solid new castle outside of Herr Rheingraven and Hertzieh von Würtenberg was also lit and completely burned, who was made a beggar by Hornstein. So Stofflen has received the reward he deserves. "

Two citizens of Engen were hanged in revenge for the death of the count's son, others were beaten in irons. On the orders of the Duke of Württemberg, the subjects of the surrounding towns had to finally destroy the remains of the wall.

investment

Only a few remains of the castle complex, which was badly damaged by the razing and quarry, can be found today. The castle background Stoffeln was the largest of the castles. The three castles were connected by a wall in which there was a common entrance, stables and barns. The minor remains of the front Stoffeln have a Palas with a side length of 18.5 meters on a platform of 52 × 52 meters out.

Lords of Stoffeln

literature

  • Christa Ackermann: Three knights on a volcano. A micro-story about a late medieval correspondence from the German south-west. Diss. Uni Jena 2015, online
  • Hans-Wilhelm Heine : Studies on weir systems between the young Danube and western Lake Constance . In: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 5 . Stuttgart 1978. ISSN  0178-3262
  • Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas . 1st edition, Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , pp. 26-28;
  • Michael Losse, Hans Noll: Castles, palaces and fortresses in Hegau - fortifications and noble residences in the western Lake Constance area . Verlag Michael Greuter, Hilzingen 2006, ISBN 3-938566-05-1 , pp. 92-93;
  • Th. Pestalozzi – Kutter: Cultural history of the canton of Schaffhausen and its neighboring areas in the context of general cultural history , 1929

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Aegidius Tschudi: Chronicon Helveticum
  2. ↑ Christa Ackermann: Three knights on a volcano. A micro-story about a late medieval correspondence from the German south-west. Diss. Uni Jena 2015, p. 3 online
  3. ↑ Th. Pestalozzi – Kutter: Cultural history of the canton of Schaffhausen and its neighboring areas in the context of general cultural history , p. 158, 1929