Hornberg (noble family, Black Forest)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Hornberg in the Zurich coat of arms

The barons of Hornberg are a sideline of the barons of Ellerbach . Adalbert von Ellerbach, the builder of Althornberg Castle , called himself Baron von Hornberg from 1111. The family drove the development of the Gutach Valley and controlled it until 1423.

history

Coat of arms of the Barons von Ellerbach in the Zurich coat of arms
Bruno von Hornberg
Hornberg in the Topographia Sueviae by Matthäus Merian (1643)

Around 1080 King Heinrich IV enfeoffed his follower Adalbert von Ellerbach with the not yet cleared area in and around the Gutach Valley. It is assumed that Adalbert should not only gain new settlement land in the clearing area assigned to him (the Gutach valley from the source near Schönwald to the mouth north of Gutach and its side valleys), but should also ensure a shorter connection between Villingen and the Kinzig valley . First, the Gremmelsbach settlement was created and around 1100, a little below the Rappenfelsen at 762 meters above sea level, an area was leveled for the construction of a castle, Althornberg Castle.

The coat of arms of the von Ellerbach family already had two Auerhorns as a helmet decoration and the shape of the rocks on which the castle was built was reminiscent of horns. This is said to have led to the formation of the name Hornbergburg (also Hornburg or Hornberg) and Adalbert ( Adalbertus de Horenberc ) derived the name for his new sideline from it. Adalbert died in 1127 and was buried in the Sankt Georgen monastery in the Black Forest , which was the family's temporary burial place . After 1150, no more Hornberg barons were buried in St. Georgen, but in the parish churches they built in Gutach and Hornberg .

The barons soon established themselves in the area of ​​today's town of Hornberg. The barons' main service yard was first built at the foot of the castle hill. On the 100-meter-high castle rock, which is protected on three sides by steep cliffs, granite blocks from the oldest building of Hornberg Castle were found, which were joined together without binding agents , from which a construction time in the first half of the 12th century is derived.

The minstrel Bruno von Hornberg is said to have lived in the castle between 1275 and 1310. The Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift C contains four songs by Bruno. It is therefore believed that he was a scholar and artist and that festivities with minnesong and the singing of knight tales were also held at his castle. In 1276 he met King Rudolf von Habsburg in Basel . Bruno founded a Hornberg branch line that had a black one in the coat of arms instead of the green Dreiberges . In 1280 he donated the chapel for the Tennenbach Monastery .

To control the trade routes, the Lords of Hornberg built two escort towers in the Tiefenbachtal (Tiefenbach Castle ) and on the Turmerberg ( Gutach Castle , called "Gutach Tower"). Presumably because of the escort fees levied by the Hornbergs, there was a dispute with the imperial city of Strasbourg , whose merchants saw their interests impaired. In 1368 the Strasbourgers destroyed the Gutach tower. The Counts of Fürstenberg were initially able to mediate and the Strasbourgers rebuilt the tower for the Hornbergs, whereby the Strasbourg and Fürstenbergers had to be granted rights. After another dispute in 1383, the new tower was destroyed again by the Strasbourgers and the Hornberg rulership devastated.

The quarrel with the Strasbourgers, family disputes and waste caused the decline and indebtedness of the sex. Bruno Werner was even given eight in 1420 because of the debts . In 1423 Bruno Werner von Hornberg sold Hornberg Castle to the Counts of Württemberg , who immediately quartered their Vogt, while Bruno Werner was allowed to live at Schiltach Castle until the purchase price was paid .

The possessions of a branch of the family founded by Werner von Hornberg went in part to the Margrave Hesso von Hachberg in 1392 . Werner von Hornberg's widow, Anna von Üsenberg , married Duke Reinold VI. von Urslingen , who was also constantly in need of money. Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg, Margrave Bernhard I of Baden and Count Eberhard III. von Württemberg interfered in the distribution of the legacy of this Hornberg line, which resulted in a mixture of rights in the Hornberg rule.

From 1414 to 1427 Heinrich V von Hornberg was abbot of the St. Peter monastery .

The Hornberger in Breisgau

In 1312 Friedrich von Hornberg was named as the owner of the snow castle near Freiburg . In 1349 Werner von Hornberg donated this castle to the St. Gallen monastery , which then enfeoffed him again. In addition, the Hornbergs received the bailiwick of the St. Gallen lordship in Ehaben , Talhausen and Berghausen as well as their other monastery income in the Breisgau as a fief. The one on the Schoenberg Berghausen location is introduced at the beginning of the 15th century. In the following decades the Hornbergers succeeded in de facto greatly reducing their fiefdom dependency on the monastery. Konrad von Hornberg enforced the female line of succession for his wife Benignosa von Rathsamhausen at the monastery in 1428, whereby the fief should also fall to her husband if the widow remarried. After Konrad's death, his widow married Hans von Embs , who received the fiefdom from St. Gallen in 1458. However, ten years earlier the monastery had also awarded the fiefdom to a relative of Konrad, Anton von Hornberg, so that there was now a legal dispute that ended in 1460 in favor of that of Embs. However, Mathias von Hornberg - a son of Anton - continued to pursue the claims of his house. Hans von Embs finally resigned Margarete von Hornberg in 1469, so that she waived all claims to the snow castle and the rule of Ebringen.

The sideline of the Lords of Triberg

Coat of arms of the Lords of Triberg in the Zurich coat of arms

The Lords of Triberg were a sideline of the Barons of Hornberg. In 1239 Peter von Triberg is attested in a document. His father Burkhart II von Hornberg received the Triberg rule when the family property was divided, while Bruno and Werner von Hornberg received the Hornberg part. Burkhart probably had Triberg Castle built. His son Peter was followed by Burkhart II von Triberg from 1280 to 1310 and his nephew Burkhart III from 1311 to 1325. Burkhart's son Johann died before his father, so that the sidelines of the Lords of Triberg died out in the male line as early as 1325. The rule of Triberg was first given by the empire to the Counts of Hohenberg , who then sold them to Albrecht II of Austria in 1355 .

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Matthäus Merian (editor and illustrator) and Martin Zeiller (text author): Topographia Sueviae , Frankfurt am Main 1643, pp. 98–99.  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Schwarzwälder Bote : Ellerbachers leave historical traces 11 August 2012, accessed on 31 March 2013.
  2. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1979, p. 373
  3. ↑ s. also Gremmelsbach - old community ~ part of the village at leo-bw.de
  4. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1970, p. 373
  5. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1965, p. 194
  6. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1965, p. 195
  7. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1965, p. 199
  8. ↑ Hornberg, Bruno; from at leo-bw.de
  9. ↑ Johannes Werner: "Mîner frouwen minnestricke ...". Bruno von Hornberg in words and pictures. In: Die Ortenau 54 (1974), pp. 269-273. ( Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  10. ↑ Texts printed at Heck, pp. 7–9
  11. ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1970, p.
  12. ↑ s. Barth p. 428
  13. ↑ s. Tearing Vasek p. 456
  14. ↑ s. Tear vasek p. 458
  15. ↑ Talhausen - living space at leo-bw.de
  16. ↑ Berghausen (Berghauser Chapel or Church) - Raised by leo-bw.de
  17. ↑ Ildefons von Arx : Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen , Freiburg 1860, pp. 23–32
  18. ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book. Three volumes. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1898–1919. Volume 1, pp. 239–240 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library )
  19. ↑ s. Schüßler pp. 25-26
  20. ↑ s. Schüßler p. 29