Herz-Mariae-Kloster (Diefflen)

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Herz-Mariae-Kloster in Diefflen in the neo-baroque state, on the facade a statue of the missionary saint Franz Xavier ; on the curved chapel gable in the oval gable the representation of the Immaculate Heart Mariae
Herz-Mariae-Kloster (Diefflen), seal of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood with the apocalyptic Agnus Dei and the Latin inscription "Redemisti nos Domine in sanguine tuo", German translation: "Lord, you have redeemed us with your blood."; according to Rev 5,9  EU

The Herz-Mariae-Kloster in Diefflen was the first settlement of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood in Germany. The monastery founded in 1909 was active in the social and charitable field. It was abandoned in 1972 and the monastery buildings demolished.

prehistory

In 1882 the Austrian Trappist abbot Franz Pfanner founded the Mariannhill Monastery in South Africa . The native of Vorarlberg , who originally belonged to the Mariawald Trappist Abbey in the Eifel and later founded a monastery in Banja Luka in Bosnia , was asked by a mission bishop to set up an abbey for the order in Africa . Since the Trappists live strictly contemplative , active pastoral work in Mariannhill, which normally characterizes the missionary orders, was originally in the background. Abbot Pfanner soon noticed that the Trappist way of life was not doing justice to the local situation. He found himself challenged by requests and requests from people around him to offer them lessons, catechesis and training in crafts. His main concern was to promote all people regardless of ethnicity, religion and gender in the same way, which the British colonial government disliked.

In 1885 Pfanner called German missionary helpers into the country for his work. On September 8, 1885, the "Community of Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood" was founded. A year later, the Rhinelander Josephine Emunds (1865–1948), who came from Schleiden near Aachen, came to Mariannhill. As Sister Maria Paula, she decisively shaped the order in the following years. In 1907 Sister Maria Paula Emunds became Superior General. She held this office for 25 years. Above all, she campaigned for the independence of the congregation from the Trappists in Mariannhill, a goal that she achieved in 1929.

The Order of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood first spread to Africa after it was founded . In 1889 Sister Paula Emunds established the first European branch in the Netherlands because some European women who joined the congregation were unsuitable for missionary work in Africa. This plan had to be carried out in the liberal Netherlands, as the situation in Germany was difficult due to the consequences of the anti-Catholic Kulturkampf . So it was officially forbidden for the sisters in the "rehearsal branch" founded in 1889 in Kirchherten in Rhineland to work in their religious costume . As the political situation stood in the way of the order's development, a new settlement was finally founded in 1891 in neighboring Holland, which was a place of refuge for numerous persecuted religious during the Kulturkampf, in Helden-Panningen in the Diocese of Roermond, a new settlement dedicated to St. Joseph. The novitiate of the order was located here. Since the order expanded massively in numbers, the Holy Blood Monastery in Aarle-Rixtel was built as the new mother monastery in 1901 and the monastery in Helden-Panningen was sold to French Lazarist patres in 1903 . The inauguration of the new parent company was celebrated in 1903.

As a result of the constant expansion of the order's sphere of activity in Africa, it became necessary to recruit new order members in Europe and to train them here for missionary work. The leadership of the order found it advisable to try out the young sisters in monastery branches before they were deployed in Africa. They also wanted to employ young women in Europe who were unsuitable for the conditions in Africa for various reasons. So it was soon planned to set up new branches. The first branch was founded in 1908 in Tienray , the Netherlands, with the support of the church leadership of the Netherlands .

A settlement in Germany was still not possible because the aftermath of the Kulturkampf continued to stand in the way of the order's expansion.

history

Herz-Mariae-Kloster, founding house on Schnurr (Beckinger Straße)
Herz-Mariae-Kloster, barn wing of the founding house on Schnurr (Beckinger Straße)

prehistory

In the wake of industrialization in Saarland and the growth of Dillinger Hütte , Diefflen, which had belonged to the high court of the Nalbacher Tal since its foundation in the High Middle Ages , grew ever stronger. Diefflen formed a political unit with the neighboring town of Nalbach until 1858 and a church unit until 1919. The Nalbach parish church of St. Peter and Paul was the mother church of the six surrounding villages in the Nalbach valley: Diefflen, Piesbach , Bettstadt , Bilsdorf and Körprich . Nalbach, which was mentioned as a parish for the first time in the 11th century, belonged in the Middle Ages to the Archdeaconate of St. Mauritius Tholey and to the deanery or regional chapter of Merzig in the Archdiocese of Trier . The area of ​​the Nalbach Valley was originally an imperial territory before it became the Electorate of Trier . A donation from Archbishop Eberhard of Trier in 1048, a letter of protection from Heinrich III. from 1098 and a letter of protection from Pope Hadrian IV. from 1155, as well as by acquiring the rights of the Nalbach knight family in 1331, the St. Simeon Abbey in Trier in the Nalbach Valley had the basic jurisdiction , the right to levy taxes and the right to fill the parish. The Trier ore monastery still held the middle and high jurisdiction. In exercising jurisdiction, the archbishopric was represented by the barons of Hagen zu Motten .

The municipality separation between the up-and-coming Diefflen and Nalbach was decided on September 1, 1854 with 7 against 2 votes of the Nalbacher Samtgemeinderrat members and approved on June 16, 1858 by the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , At Babelsberg Castle . The mayoral administration remained in Nalbach and until 1899 in Saarwellingen. It was not until 1969 that the mayor's office was separated from Nalbach and incorporated into the city of Dillingen / Saar.

On June 4, 1865, the Nalbach church council dealt with the plan to build its own church in Diefflen due to the growing population in Diefflen. Up to now there had only been a small chapel in Diefflen, which was dedicated to St. Wendelin . When Diefflen had become the numerically strongest municipality in the Nalbach Valley, alongside Nalbach, with over 1700 inhabitants, the matter became more and more urgent.

In 1899 the construction of their own church began in Diefflen. It was placed under the patronage of St. Joseph of Nazareth . The second patron was St. Wendelin. Almost all costs were covered by donations from the Dieffler population, which had now grown to 2,000 souls. The previous chaplain of Nalbach, Richard Brenner, was appointed vicar in Diefflen by the Trier episcopal authority . On November 27, the vicarie Diefflen , who was dependent on Nalbach, was granted the status of a chapel congregation with its own asset management by the episcopal authority in Trier , which was approved on December 4, 1907 by the royal Prussian government in Trier.

The application to convert the Diefflen parish , which had grown to over 3,000 souls, had already been submitted to the Ministry of Culture in Berlin on July 30, 1915 by the Bishop of Trier . With reference to the war situation of the First World War , the ministry initially rejected the request of the bishop. On December 17, 1918, the Trier Bishop Michael Felix Korum officially elevated the Diefflen chapel community to an independent parish with effect from New Year's Day 1919. The government in Trier confirmed this on December 27, 1918.

At the beginning of the 20th century there was no medical treatment or care for the sick in Diefflen. There was only a doctor in Dillingen and Saarwellingen . Wound treatments were provided by a local woman who was considered to be a healing expert.

Facility

In view of this unfortunate situation, Vicar Richard Brenner (term of office 1900–1914) contacted the Sisters of the Precious Blood in the Netherlands on March 20, 1909. He asked the leadership of the order for three to four sisters to take over the outpatient nursing in his community. For this purpose, the parishioner Johann Schamper had donated a small house with a garden in Beckinger Strasse (today No. 23). Although the house was unsuitable for further expansion, the promise of building a new monastery in Diefflen was able to persuade the administration of the order in Holland to send sisters to Diefflen. The approval of the royal Prussian government to settle was granted in 1909. The branch should serve to train young missionary sisters for the German colony areas. On December 23, 1909, the first three sisters arrived in Diefflen.

In 1912, the Dieffler building contractor Franz Schwarz (1871–?) Donated his house with garden and usable space in today's Klosterstrasse to the Diefflen parish. In April 1913, work began on converting the house into the new monastery, which was ready to move into on May 4, 1914. Land could be acquired for the new monastery. A kindergarten was to be built next to the monastery. The monastery building was built in the reform style with clear neo-baroque echoes. On May 3, 1914, the monastery chapel was inaugurated and endowed by numerous Dieffler citizens. The chaplain had his own house next to the monastery. The monastery was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Mary .

The Dieffler Herz-Mariae-Kloster was the first branch of the Missionary Order in the German Reich and from 1914 to 1921 it held the candidacy and the German postulate of the Missionary Order. In addition, a sewing school for girls and a kindergarten for around 150 children were opened. During the First World War, 35 bombs hit the area around the monastery, which only damaged its windows. In 1915, the Dieffler sisters cared for patients in nearby Lisdorf , where dysentery had broken out as a result of the war . In the same year 1915, Diefflen set up a branch in Auersmacher , which, however, had to be closed again in 1920. From 1917 onwards, temporary child care facilities were opened outside of Diefflen to look after the children of mothers who were working during the war. In 1918 Diefflen established a branch monastery in Lenten (Herz-Jesu-Kloster with preservation and sewing school, outpatient nursing, tuberculosis and infant care; closed in 1994) and Roden (Saar) (Herz-Jesu-Kloster with preservation and Sewing school, womens care, outpatient nursing, tuberculosis and infant care; closed in 1992).

Herz-Mariae-Kloster after the renovation

The Dieffler nuns were active in social charities. The monastery ran a farm, a wafer bakery and a domestic training facility with a cooking and sewing school. There was a kindergarten and a home for the elderly . In addition, the sisters provided outpatient nursing for tuberculosis sufferers as well as baby care in Diefflen. In 1924 the monastery building was modernized and enlarged as the number of sisters had increased. In 1935 the monastery housed 17 sisters. In total, the order comprised 877 sisters worldwide this year. In Germany he had nine branches this year (Diefflen, Neuenbeken , Ruppichteroth , Lachten, Roden, Bad Kissingen , Paderborn , Munich-Gladbach , Altenbeken )

Due to the severe damage caused by the artillery bombardment by the US Army in the war winter of 1944/1945, the house in Diefflen had to be renewed. In 1955 the monastery building was modernized and enlarged again. Under the direction of the Saarlouis architect Alois Havener, who was also involved in the construction and extension of the Dieffler parish church, the picturesque neo-baroque building was subjected to a radical architectural purification measure. The curved chapel gable was removed, numerous windows were moved and the mansard roofs were replaced by a new, flat-roofed storey. The French roof turret hood was exchanged for a gothic pointed helmet.

The End

St. Josef and St. Wendelin (Diefflen) , Herz-Mariä-Glocke (right) in the church tower

With the construction of a new branch of the order in Bous (Saar) ("Haus Bergfriede") the nuns were withdrawn from the Dieffler Herz-Mariae-Kloster in 1972. After an initiative by the Dieffler parish to repopulate the monastery by other sisters had failed, the monastery building with the associated land was sold to the city of Dillingen. As a result, the monastery complex was immediately demolished. In the following years, houses were built on the monastery grounds.

The Herz-Mariae bell of the Bochumer Verein bell foundry (weight: 862 kg, diameter: 1210 mm, strike: f ') in the bell tower of the Dieffler parish church of St. Josef and St. Wendelin is a reminder of the former Herz-Mariae monastery.

The bell in the chapel roof tower of the Dieffler monastery was cast by the Mabilon bell foundry in Saarburg in 1919 and weighed 90 kg.

Superiors

  • Sr. M. Clementine Spindler: 1909-1910
  • Sr. M. Bernarda Gamber: 1910-1912
  • Sr. M. Ferdinanda Pfaffenholz: 1912–1918
  • Sr. M. Ancilla Ackfeld: 1918-1919
  • Sr. M. Didaka Eick: 1919-1923
  • Sr. M. Terula Schmitz: 1923-1927
  • Sr. M. Notburga Emunds: 1927-1933
  • Sr. M. Noyala Vonwill: 1933-1939
  • Sr. M. Christa Keller: 1939–1947
  • Sr. M. Noyala Vonwill: 1947-1954
  • Sr. M. Bertina Schubert: 1954-1960
  • Sr. M. Priska Vogel: 1960–1969
  • Sr. M. Eugenie Neuberger: 1969–1972

House chaplain

  • Chaplain Ferres: 1914-1914
  • Trappist Father Mansuetus: 1914–1915
  • Trappist Father Bruno: 1915-1919
  • Rector Dr. Dümpelfeld: 1919–1921
  • Chaplain Jonas: 1921-1924
  • Rector Metzeroth: 1924–1928
  • Kaplan Fuchs: 1928–1928
  • Father Bensch: 1928–1929
  • Cistercian Father Nobis: 1929–1933
  • Trappist Father Terstegge: 1933–1951
  • Rector Engel: 1952–1963
  • Father Stigler: 1964–1968
  • Father Schunk: 1968–1972

literature

  • Hans Peter Buchleitner: Cultural Reconstruction in Saarland, 1945–1955, a text and picture work, Volume I, Reconstruction, new and extension of churches, chapels, monasteries, parish and youth homes, community houses, etc. in the state capital as in the Districts Saarlouis and Merzig-Wadern, Saarbrücken 1955, p. 78.
  • Cooperative of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood (Ed.): 50 years of missionary work by the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood 1885–1935, Reimlingen in Bayern 1935, pp. 50–52.
  • Catholic parish of St. Josef Diefflen (ed.): 100 years of the parish church of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–2000, Dillingen 2000, p. 35.
  • Eva Kell: religious sister instead of influencer, dream job and life plan of girls 100 years ago - regional history in the classroom, in: Saargeschichten, magazine for regional culture and history, 3, 2019, issue 56, pp. 39–41.
  • Alois Scherer: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 276–319.
  • Johann Spurk: Parish chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975.

Web links

Commons : Herz-Mariae-Kloster  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cooperative of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood (ed.): 50 Years of Missionary Work of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood 1885–1935, Reimlingen in Bayern 1935, pp. 50–52, pp. 57–58.
  2. ↑ Johann Spurk: The history of the "Herz-Mariä" monastery , in: Pfarrchronik St. Josef Diefflen 1900-1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 305-350.
  3. ↑ Cooperative of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood (ed.): 50 years of missionary work by the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood 1885–1935. Reimlingen in Bavaria 1935, pp. 1-50.
  4. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 23–24 and 351.
  5. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 17–25.
  6. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 28–29.
  7. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 44–45.
  8. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, p. 61.
  9. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, p. 58.
  10. ↑ Cooperative of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood (ed.): 50 years of missionary work by the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood 1885–1935, Reimlingen in Bayern 1935, pp. 203, 215.
  11. ↑ Hans Peter Buchleitner: Cultural Reconstruction in the Saarland, 1945–1955, A text and picture work, Volume I, Reconstruction, new and extension of churches, chapels, monasteries, parish and youth homes, community houses etc. in the state capital as in the districts of Saarlouis and Merzig-Wadern, Saarbrücken 1955, p. 78.
  12. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Josef Diefflen (ed.): 100 years of the parish church of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–2000, Dillingen 2000, p. 35.
  13. ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, p. 138.
  14. ↑ Bernhard H. Bonkhoff: The bells of the Saarland, Saarbrücken 1997, p 100th
  15. ↑ Alois Scherer: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 276–319.