Ivan Dmitrievich Jakuschkin

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Nikolai Iwanowitsch Utkin 1816:
Iwan Dmitrijewitsch Jakuschkin

Ivan Dmitrievich Yakushkin ( Russian Иван Дмитриевич Якушкин , scientific. Transliteration Ivan Dmitrievič Jakuškin ; December 29 * 1793 . Jul / 9. January  1794 greg. In the village Schukowo, district Vyazma , Smolensk , † August 11 jul. / August 23  1857 greg. In Moscow ) was a Russian captain and Decembrist from the Russian noble family of Yakushkins.

Life

college student

Ivan, the son of the Smolensk landowner Titularrat Dmitri Andrejewitsch Jakuschkin († 1826) and his wife Praskowja Filagrijewna Stankiewicz († 1827), was brought up in the boarding school of a noble relative in the village of Kasulino. There he made friends with Alexander Griboyedov . In 1808 Jakuschkin studied at the Philosophical Faculty of Moscow University ; until 1811 he heard Russian literature from Alexei Merslyakov and Russian history from Mikhail Katschenowski .

Captain

In 1811 Ivan Jakuschkin joined the Semyonovskoye bodyguard regiment . 1812-1814 he took part in the battles of the Patriotic War . After the Battle of Borodino he received the Cross of St. George and on December 18, 1812, he became an ensign. In 1813 he took part in the battles near Lützen , Bautzen , Kulm and Leipzig . For this the fighter received two medals. In 1814 he fought near Paris . On January 13, 1816 he became a lieutenant and on February 1, 1818 a captain. After returning home, he lived as a pensioner on his estate in Zhukovo. Ivan Jakuschkin married fifteen-year-old Anastassija Vasilievna Sheremeteva on November 5, 1822 . The couple had two sons - Vyacheslav (September 16, 1823 to 1861) and Yevgeny (January 22, 1826 to April 27, 1905).

Decembrist

Nikolai Petrowitsch Repin around 1829: Ivan Jakuschkin, Pawel Bobrishchev-Pushkin and Michael Küchelbecker in the courtyard of the Ostrog Tschita.
Ivan Yakushkin's house in Yalutorovsk

In 1816 Iwan Jakuschkin was one of the founders of the Rescue Association - the first decabrist secret society. In 1818 Ivan Jakuschkin was a member of the welfare association . Afterwards he helped prepare the uprising of the Decembrists.

Ivan Jakuschkin wanted to release his two hundred Zhukovo peasants from serfdom. His uncle then thought the nephew was insane.

Ivan Jakuschkin was arrested in Moscow on January 9, 1826 and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress on January 14 . On July 10, 1826, he was sentenced to twenty years of forced labor. The sentence was reduced to fifteen years on August 22nd. From Fort Kotka he was brought to Siberia on October 6, 1827. On the way he met his wife on October 15th in Yaroslavl . On December 24th, Ivan Jakuschkin arrived at the Ostrog Chita and in the summer of 1830 he had to march into the Katorga Peter hut . The prison sentence was reduced to ten years on November 8, 1832. In the early summer of 1836 the detention came to an end. Ivan Jakuschkin was forcibly resettled in Yalutorovsk in the western Siberian Oblast of Tyumen . He arrived there on September 16th. Together with the clergyman Stefan Jakowlewitsch Znamenski he founded two Lancaster schools - one for boys in 1842 and one for girls in 1846, the year his wife died. He experimented with meteorological equipment and encountered resistance from superstitious farmers.

In 1854 Ivan Jakuschkin, suffering from scurvy , hemorrhoids and rheumatism , voluntarily returned to Transbaikalia directly to the east bank of the Baikal for therapeutic treatment . He had been allowed a spa treatment in Goryachinsk . On the way back he visited his old friend Prince Sergei Trubetskoi in Irkutsk . After the amnesty of August 26, 1856, after his return in Yalutorovsk, he lived with the widow Natalja Fonwisina .

Ivan Yakushkin's son Vyacheslav, an engineer in Moscow, got into trouble with the Moscow authorities when he wanted to get a residence permit for his sick father directly in the city. In the end the father lived near the son.

Ivan Jakuschkin was buried in Moscow's Pyatnitskoye cemetery.

Awards

foreign countries

memories

Ivan Yakushkin's memoirs appeared

in German language:
in Russian language:

Web links

Commons : Iwan Dmitrijewitsch Jakuschkin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Russian Дмитрий Андреевич Якушкин
  2. ↑ Russian Прасковья Филагриевна Станкевич
  3. ↑ Russian Вячеслав
  4. ↑ Russian Георгиевский крест - Georgijewski krest
  5. ↑ Records of JD Jakuschkin Entry in WorldCat
  6. ↑ Russian Zapiski Ivana Dimitrieviča Jakuškina Entry in WorldCat
  7. ↑ Kasprowicz ( Memento of the original of April 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / Personen-wiki.slub-dresden.de
  8. ↑ Russian Zapiski Ivana Dmitrieviča Jakuškina Entry in WorldCat
  9. ↑ Russian Иван Дмитриевич Якушкин "Записки, статьи, письма" as .pdf
personal data
SURNAME Jakuschkin, Ivan Dmitrievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Якушкин, Иван Дмитриевич (Cyrillic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian captain and Decembrist
DATE OF BIRTH January 9, 1794
PLACE OF BIRTH Zhukovo, Vyazma County , Smolensk Governorate
DATE OF DEATH August 23, 1857
Place of death Moscow