Ivan Mikhailovich Moskvin

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Ivan Mikhailovich Moskvin ( Russian Иван Михайлович Москвин * 6 . Jul / 18th June  1874 greg. In Moscow ; † 16th February 1946 ) was a Russian and Soviet actor and director for theater and film .

Origin and theater career

Ivan Moskvin was born on Ilyinka Street , Moscow , as the eldest child of penniless watchmaker Mikhail Alexejewitsch Moskvin and his wife Daria Pavlovna . Due to the family's precarious living conditions, he had to work in the family business at an early age. At the same time, Ivan Michailowitsch developed an interest in the theater at a young age and from the age of 14 he managed to take part in amateur performances. He graduated from school in 1890, then worked as a servant boy for a trader and as a handyman in an iron foundry .

In the fall of 1893, Moskvin auditioned unsuccessfully in the drama school of the Maly Theater with a recitation of Pushkin's ballad Песнь о вещем Олеге ( Pesn o weschtschem Olege ). However, two weeks later he was given a place in the music and drama school of the Moscow Philharmonic Society , where Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko was his teacher. He was only hesitantly convinced of Moskwin's talent. However, he completed the complete training and played for the final exams on February 25, 1896 in First no penny and now a thaler by Alexander Ostrowski and as Dr. Rank in Nora or a doll's house . The following day he appeared in a production of Ippolit Wassiljewitsch Schpaschinski's В старые годы ( W staryje gody ) on, but was only scheduled for two appearances by Nemirovich-Danchenko. After graduating, he first took part in a tour organized by Glikerija Nikolajewna Fedotowa and then performed at the Yaroslavsky Theater from 1896 to 1898 . Here he embodied a total of 77 different roles, mostly humorous, but also Medvedenko in The Seagull . During this time, Moskvin also met his first wife. Then the young mime appeared briefly at the theater of Fyodor Adamowitsch Korsch in Moscow.

In 1898, at the invitation of his former teacher, Moskvin finally joined the newly founded Moscow Art Theater . Thanks to the initiative of Nemirowitsch-Danchenko and contrary to Konstantin Stanislawski's concerns , Moskvin was selected from a group of six applicants to give Tsar Fedor Ivanovich the title character in the opening piece , who made him famous. In the further course of his career he gave roles in numerous well-known plays by predominantly Russian-speaking authors, with the reputation of being able to artistically express the most varied of character traits. His standard roles included Fyodor Ivanovich, whom he played over 600 times, but for a tour to Paris transferred to Vasily Ivanovich Katschalow, that of Luka in night asylum . The Muscovite played the same more than 800 times, although his somewhat positive interpretation of the character did not meet the taste of the author Maxim Gorky . Anton Chekhov , on the other hand, was taken with Moskwin's depictions of his characters.

As part of the art theater, Moskvin also gave international guest performances in 1906, which were enthusiastically received by critics. However, due to a tour in Berlin, he could not be present at the birth of his second son. At that time, his oeuvre comprised 25 different roles; in addition to stage appearances, he also occasionally acted as a director.

In 1915 and 1916, Moskvin and several colleagues took part in charity concerts and performances in hospitals and performed in Tbilisi for members of the Russian Army .

The revolutions of 1917 brought no significant changes to Moskwin's artistic work, but he and Stanislavski were arrested on the night of August 30, 1919 on suspicion of being involved in a conspiracy by the outlawed Constitutional Democratic Party . However, an intervention with Feliks Dzierżyński led to his immediate release. In the autumn of the following year, Moskvin headed a group provided by the art theater that gave concerts for members of the Red Army in the Caucasus .

From 1922 to 1924 the theater undertook a long tour of Europe and the USA with Moskvin as the leading actor , where his performances were also admired by the well-known Hamlet actor John Barrymore . During this tour he met Sergei Rachmaninov and had himself painted by Boris Grigoryev .

At the time of the outbreak of war , Moskvin and his colleagues were on a tour in Minsk . One day before the Wehrmacht attack , they played The School for Scandal in the Red Army district theater . The troops managed to get back to Moscow via Orsha, but parts of the equipment were lost in the destruction of Minsk, including the scenery for The Days of the Turbins , which the troops had given shortly before.

After Nemirowitsch-Danchenko's death in May 1943, Moskvin was finally appointed director of the art theater; theater operations took place in Saratov and Sverdlovsk due to the war.

Film rolls

Moskvin was first seen in front of the camera in 1918 in a three-minute recording made by Stanislavsky. The following year he played the main role in the 1922 drama Поликушка ( Polikushka ) by Alexander Akimowitsch Sanin, which is based on Lev Tolstoy Polikei . The film for which Moskvin as Gage only seven potatoes to have received per day of shooting, became an international success.

This was followed by Коллежский регистратор ( Kolleschski registrator , 1925), again with Moskvin as the main actor and at the same time as a co-director. The film is based on Pushkin's The Postmaster . With Juri Scheljabuschski , another involved director, he shot the now-lost work Человек родился ( Tschelowek rodilsja ) in 1928 . The following year, Moskvin appeared in two episodes of the episode film Чины и люди ( Tschiny i ljudi ) based on Anton Chekhov . In 1938 he gave a supporting role in Alexander Rou 's first film The Magic Fish , followed a year later with the comedy Хирургия ( Chirurgija ), another Chekhov adaptation. In the concert film Концерт на экране ( Concert na ekrane , 1940) he played alongside Nikolai Cherkassov . Moskwin's work was highlighted in the 1946 documentary Мастера сцены ( Mastera szeny ) alongside that of Olga Knipper- Chekhova and Vasily Iwanowitsch Katschalow .

Further work

Since February 1908 he appeared together with Nikita Fjodorowitsch Balijew and Vasili Katschalow in the cabaret Fledermaus ( Russian Летучая мышь , Letutschaja mysch ). In addition, Moskvin completed concerts and smaller stage appearances. Excerpts from plays that were no longer on the theater's repertoire were also given, including episodes from Dostoyevsky's novels .

On November 15, 1934, Moskvin was also featured in the first television program in Soviet history, a production of Chekhov's The Malefactor .

Private

Moskwin was married to the actress Lyubow Wassiljewna Gelzer (1878–1955) and had two sons with her, the later actor and drama teacher Vladimir Ivanovich Moskvin (1904–1958) and the actor Fyodor Ivanovich Moskvin (1906) -1941). The latter served as an aircraft navigator in the German-Soviet War and died when his plane was shot down near Moscow. About his first marriage, Ivan Moskvin was also the brother-in-law of the ballerina Yekaterina Vasilyevna Gelzer (1876–1962) and the son-in-law of the ballet dancer and teacher Vasily Fjodorowitsch Gelzer (1841–1909).

His second wife was the actress Alla Konstantinovna Tarasowa (1898–1973), the marriage lasted from 1932 to 1943. She was also his stage partner in The Last Victim . The reason for the separation may have been Moskwin's alcohol consumption, which increased as a result of the divorce.

Moskwin's brother, the doctorate in art, Michail Michailowitsch Tarchanow 1 (1877-1948), was also an actor and holder of the title People's Artist of the USSR (May 3, 1937), his son Ivan Mikhailovich Tarchanow (1926-2004) was also a theater and film actor.

Ivan Moskvin suffered from kidney problems and cardiac arrhythmias for years . Nonetheless, he performed until his death, but increasingly refrained from rehearsing new roles. In the years from 1932 to 1936 he almost completely restricted his work for health reasons and because of the Molière productions he did not like at the art theater. Moskvin died in Moscow in mid-February 1946 at the age of 71, after being hospitalized a few days earlier. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery , Section 2. Shortly before his death, he had received the Stalin Prize for his role as Flor Fedulytsch Pribytkow in Ostrowski's The Last Victim .

Ivan Michailowitsch Moskvin is not identical to the Soviet politician of the same name (1890–1937).

1Mikhail Tarkhanov also had the family name “Moskvin”, but chose the pseudonym “Tarkhanov” when he entered the Moscow Art Theater .

Honors

Moskvin received the following awards:

The Petrovsky Street , in extending Moscow Art Theater is contributed 1946-1994 Moskwins name.

Stanislavski described him as the “breadwinner of the Moscow Academic Art Theater” ( Russian кормилец МХАТа , kormilez MChATa ), in whose foyer a portrait of him hangs today.

Moskvin had been a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR since 1937 . In this function he took sides with Nikolai Erdman , Gustaw Gustawowitsch Schpet and Wsewolod Meyerhold , who were suspected of anti-people activities.

Theater work (selection)

actor

Director

Filmography

  • 1919: Поликушка (Polikushka)
  • 1925: Коллежский регистратор (Kolleschski registrator) - also co-director
  • 1928: Человек родился (Tschelowek rodilsja)
  • 1929: Чины и люди - Смерть чиновника (Tschiny i ljudi - Smert tschinownika) ( episode film )
  • 1929: Чины и люди - Хамелеон ( Tschiny i ljudi - Chameleon ) (episode film)
  • 1938: The magic fish (Po shchutschemu weleniju)
  • 1939: Хирургия ( Chirurgija ) (short film)
  • 1940: Концерт на экране (Konzert na ekrane) ( concert film )
  • 1946: Мастера сцены  (Mastera szeny) ( documentary )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Biography of Ivan Moskwin on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on July 13, 2020
  2. ↑ a b Biography of Ivan Moskwin on the website of the Chekhov Art Theater Moscow (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Biography of Ivan Moskwin on the100.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  4. ↑ a b c d e Biography of Ivan Moskwin at biografiivsem.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  5. ↑ a b c d e Obituary for Ivan Moskvin on tvkultura.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  6. ↑ Article on the 1941 evacuation on the website of the Chekhov Art Theater Moscow (Russian), accessed on July 11, 2020
  7. ↑ Film data on Stanislawski's recording in the Internet Movie Database , accessed on July 13, 2020
  8. ↑ Film data for Человек родился on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on July 11, 2020
  9. ↑ Ivan Moskwin's filmography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on July 11, 2020
  10. ^ The large Bertelsmann Lexikothek. Spectrum of culture in word, image and sound - Volume I. Bertelsmann Publishing Group , Gütersloh 1996, ISBN 3-577-06335-1 , p. 435
  11. ↑ a b Short biography of Ivan Moskvin on ruspekh.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  12. ↑ Biographies and photo of the tombstone of Vladimir and Fyodor Moskvin on the website of the Novodevichy Cemetery (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  13. ↑ Alla Tarasova's biography on warheroes.ru (Russian), accessed on July 11, 2020
  14. ↑ Portrait of Dr. Mikhail Tarkhanov in the Internet edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  15. ↑ Ivan Tarkhanov's biography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
  16. ↑ Short biography of Ivan M. Moskwins (1890-1937) on hrono.ru (Russian), accessed on July 12, 2020
personal data
SURNAME Moskvin, Ivan Mikhailovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Москвин, Иван Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Soviet actor and director (theater and film)
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1946
Place of death Moscow