Jakob Thomasius

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Jakob Thomasius

Jakob Thomasius (born August 27, 1622 in Leipzig ; † September 9, 1684 ibid) was a Saxon teacher and philosopher ( Aristotelian ) and humanist . He worked as the rector of the Nikolaischule , the Thomas School and the University of Leipzig . His most famous students were Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his son Christian Thomasius .

Life

Jakob Thomasius comes from a Franconian family of lawyers. He was born in Leipzig in 1622 as the son of the lawyer Michael Thomasius. His brother was the lawyer Johann Thomasius . He was initially trained by a private tutor, from 1638 to 1640 at the Gymnasium in Gera . He then studied philosophy , philology and mathematics a . a. with August Buchner , Johann Sperling and Johannes Scharff at the University of Leipzig and the University of Wittenberg . In 1642 he received the Baccalaureus and in 1643 the Magister of Philosophy in Leipzig.

Thomasius as praeses at the University of Leipzig (1679)

In 1646 he became an assessor at the Philosophical Faculty. From 1648 he taught at the Nikolaischule , where he was vice rector from 1650 to 1653 . In 1653 he succeeded Friedrich Leibnütz as professor of moral philosophy , in 1656 of dialectic and 1659 of rhetoric in Leipzig. He based his lectures on the teachings of Aristotle . His most famous students were Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his son Christian Thomasius . He was dean of the Faculty of Philosophy several times and rector of the university in 1669. In 1670 he became the rector of the Nikolaischule. He reformed the teaching by requiring the New Testament to be read in Greek. He considered the writers Virgil and Marcus Tullius Cicero too difficult for his students, and he had reservations about the content of Virgil. The city honored him in 1676 with the post of rector of the famous Thomas School , which he held until 1684.

He published writings on the history of philosophy , church history and classical literature , u. a. a treatise on the mole. (It is the first German edition of the Latin treatise "De visu talparum" published by Enoch in Altenburg in 1671.)

With the Orationes published in 1683 (held as early as 1658) Thomasius provides the first historical representation of the problem of universals (cf. Universalienstreit ). He disputed the writer Georg Lani and was in correspondence with the theologian Philipp Jacob Spener .

In 1653 he married Maria Weber (daughter of Jeremias Weber, Archidiakonus zu St. Nicolai and Professor Extraordinarius), who died in 1663. On September 19, 1664 Thomasius married again. The marriage with Maria Elisabeth Eichhorn has ten children. In addition to the aforementioned Christian Thomasius, we should also mention Johanna, who marries the Leipzig University Professor Joachim Feller , Maria Elisabet, who marries the Leipzig theology professor Adam Rechenberg , Dorothea Sofie, who marries the Leipzig professor Christian Wagner , and finally Michael Thomasius and Sofie Magdalene .

Publications (selection)

  • Erotemata Rhetorica pro incipientibus. Accessit pro adultis consilium de locis communibus eloquentiae studioso comparandis , Leipzig 1670.
  • Orationes, partim ex umbone templi academici, partim ex auditorii philosophici recitatae, argumenti varii , Leipzig 1683. ( digitized version )
  • Physica perpetuo Dialogo, suis tamen capitibus interciso, sic adornata, ut Scientia naturalis non tantum definiendo ac dividendo, sed etiam celebrioribus attendingis controversus, idq: plana methodo nec difficili, explicetur , Leipzig 1692.
  • Acta Nicolaitana et Thomana. Notes by Jakob Thomasius during his rectorate at the Nikolai and Thomas School in Leipzig (1670–1664) . Published by Richard Sachse. J. Woerners Verlag, Leipzig 1912.
  • Leibnitz -Thomasius. Correspondance 1663-1672 . Edited by Richard Bodéüs , Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, Paris 1993, ISBN 978-2-7116-1145-4 .
  • Collected writings (7 volumes), edited by Walter Sparn, Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 2003–2009, (Leipzig 1676–1693, reprint).

literature

Web links

Commons : Jakob Thomasius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jakob Thomasius: M (agister) Jacob Thomasii, Curiöser Tractat called The rediscovered face of the otherwise blind moles. Translated from Latin into German. v. M (agister Johann Gottlieb) M (eister). Dresden and Leipzig, Johann Christoph Miethe, 1702. (31 p. 16 × 9.5 cm).
  2. ^ Jacob Thomasius: Oratio XII. De secta Nominalium (held on January 28, 1658), in: M. Jacobi Thomasi [i] Orationes . Leipzig, 1683. p. 224.
  3. ^ Jahn-Ulrich Wöhler: Texts on the universal dispute. From the end of antiquity to early scholasticism . Edited by Hans-Ulrich Wöhler. Berlin, 1992. pp. VII-XI.
  4. ^ Johannes Wallmann : Pietism and Orthodoxy. Collected essays 3 . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-16-150259-0 , p. 138.
personal data
SURNAME Thomasius, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thomasius, Jacob; Thomasius, Jacobus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German teacher and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1622
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1684
Place of death Leipzig