Johan Barthold Jongkind
Johan Barthold Jongkind (born June 3, 1819 in Lattrop (in today's municipality of Dinkelland , Overijssel ); † February 9, 1891 in Saint-Egrève near Grenoble , buried in the cemetery La Côte Saint-André in the Isère department , France ) was a Dutch painter.
Life
He was the son of the Dutch civil servant in the customs service Gerrit Adrianus Jongkind (1776-1836) and his wife Wilhelmina van der Burght (1783-1855), who had married in 1805. The Jongkind family lived in a customs house on the old postal route in Lattrop . In 1820 the family moved to Vlaardingen , where Johan Barthold's father was appointed tax officer.
Johan Barthold lived in Vlaardingen until he was 16 . When his father died in 1836, the family moved to Maassluis . A job as a notary worker , as his father wanted, was not for him, and he convinced his mother that he wanted to be a painter.
In 1837 he went to the painting academy in The Hague and became an apprentice of Andreas Schelfhout , who taught him to paint outdoors. Jongkind was a tall, humble young man who was quick to make friends. Because of his contacts he got a scholarship from King Willem III. which enabled him to continue his training with the well-known French painter Eugène Isabey .
He taught himself French and moved to France in 1846 , where - with an unfortunate interruption of five years in Rotterdam - he stayed until the end of his life.
Paris, with its opportunities to get to know other painters, find people to talk to and have fun, was a revelation for him. Even though he diligently participated in the boozy life of the artist scene, he devoted himself intensively to his artistic activities as a draftsman, watercolorist and painter. With Isabey he visited the beaches and seaside resorts on the French Channel coast. There he met u. a. the young Claude Monet , one of the founders of Impressionism . Monet would later say that Jongkind taught him to see.
Jongkind regularly submitted pictures to the annual Paris Salon Exhibition , but these were not accepted because they did not meet the jury's stylistic ideas. Only occasionally did he manage to sell one of his works; once he won a gold medal in Lyon .
Life in Paris took its toll and finally, leaving towering debts behind, he had to seek his salvation again in Holland. He landed in Rotterdam and was going through difficult times. He missed Paris and the life there, but his contacts remained and he sold his Dutch work to the Parisian dealer Martin.
A great action by his Parisian friends, who auctioned his own work for him and brought him donations, brought him back to Paris in 1860 , where he could start again without debt - a special gesture that made clear the appreciation that his Parisian painter colleagues showed him . In the same year he met in Holland coming Joséphine Fesser , with whom he shared his life.
Jongkind was a great painter. His work was influential and his importance was recognized by writers such as Goncourt , Zola, and later Signac . He was friends with well-known painters of his time such as Bazille , Boudin , Corot and Pissarro . Because of his lifestyle, his delusions and his alcohol addiction , he always remained a special type.
Joséphine Fesser , drawing teacher in Paris took on Jongkind. That was his salvation. It offered him a good counterbalance to all his peculiarities, which enabled him to produce a lot of works in old age and to sell his paintings and especially watercolors quite well to collectors. He kept his studio in Paris, but stayed with Joséphine not only in Paris but also in Nevers and finally in the Dauphiné , where Joséphine's husband worked. He lived and worked there from 1873 to 1891. Jules, the son of the Fesser family, bought a villa for him and Joséphine in La Côte Saint-André in 1878 .
He traveled a lot with his partner, a few times to Belgium , Holland and Switzerland , but also a lot in France .
Johan Barthold Jongkind died on February 9, 1891. He was buried in the Côte Saint-André cemetery on February 11th . Next to him lies Joséphine Fesser , who died a little later, on November 23, 1891.
Today he is regarded as one of the most important precursors of Impressionism; his works can be seen in many prominent museums.
Bibliography
- Boorsch, Suzanne, and John Marciari (2006). Master Drawings from the Yale University Art Gallery . Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11433-8
- Hefting, Victorine. Johan Barthold Jongkind , Oxford Art Online
- University of California, Riverside, Los Angeles County Museum, & University of California, Riverside. (1974). The Impressionists and the Salon (1874-1886) honoring the centennial of the first impressionist exhibition: California collections . Riverside, Calif. OCLC 1031907
- Information boards at the memorial station at the location of his parents' house in his place of birth Lattrop .
Museums with works on Jongkind
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Works
- Port of Étretat , 1852, size: 103 × 68 cm
- Rotterdam , 1856, size: 56 × 68 cm
- Ste. Beach Address , 1863, size: 30 × 57 cm
- Street in Nevers , 1874, size: 57 × 42 cm
Web links
- Literature by and about Johan Barthold Jongkind in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Johan Barthold Jongkind at Zeno.org .
- Johan Barthold Jongkind at artfacts.net
- Exhibition Johan Barthold Jongkind (1819-1891) from June 2 to September 5, 2004 at the Musée d'Orsay, Paris (French)
- Association of the Friends of Jongkind (Société des amis de Jongkind)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jongkind, Johan Barthold |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 3, 1819 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lattrop (in today's municipality of Dinkelland , Overijssel ) |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 9, 1891 |
| Place of death | La Cote-Saint-André , France |