Johann Rudolf Kutschker
Johann Baptist Rudolf Kutschker (born April 11, 1810 in Wiese, Austrian Silesia , † January 27, 1881 in Vienna ) was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna from 1876 to 1881 and cardinal with the titular church of Sant'Eusebio from 1877 to 1881 .
Life
From 1821 he attended high school in Opava , from 1826 he studied philosophy in Olomouc ( Olomouc in Czech ) and from 1828 Catholic theology at the Frintaneum in Vienna. He was ordained a priest on April 21, 1833 .
1834 doctorate Johann Rudolf Kutschker to Dr. theol. with a dissertation on mixed marriages. From 1835 to 1852 he taught moral theology at the University of Olomouc . In 1852 he was appointed royal court and castle pastor in Vienna. From 1857 to 1876 he was a ministerial official in the Ministry of Cultus and Education.
In 1861 he was appointed provost of the cathedral and on April 7, 1862, vicar general and auxiliary bishop in Vienna and titular bishop of Carrhae . The episcopal ordination he received on May 11, 1862 from Vienna Archbishop Joseph Othmar Rauscher , co-consecrators were Anton Ernst von Schaffgotsch , Bishop of Brno , and Ignaz Feigerle , Bishop of Sankt Pölten . After Rauscher's death, Kutschker was appointed Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vienna on January 12, 1876 and Pope Pius IX raised him to Cardinal with the titular church of Sant'Eusebio on June 22, 1877 .
In 1880 he agreed to the relocation of the Archbishop's College for Boys from Vienna to Oberhollabrunn .
Johann Rudolf Kutschker was a recognized moral theologian and expert on canon law . He took a middle position between conservatives and liberals. He was heavily criticized for his support of the liberal constitutional party in the manor house . However, his moderate liberal stance had the advantage that the Kulturkampf in Austria remained quite mild, with major conflicts breaking out in German dioceses such as Cologne .
He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Leopold Order .
He is buried in the bishop 's crypt in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna .
The Kutschkergasse with a daily market ( Kutschkermarkt ) in Vienna's Währing district is named after him.
Works
- Mixed marriages viewed from the Catholic-Church point of view. Vienna 1837, 3rd edition 1847
- The doctrine of compensation or restitution according to the proceedings of the theologians with regard to church and state legislation. Olomouc 1851
- The marriage law of the Catholic Church according to its theory and practice. With special consideration of the laws rightly existing in Austria. 5 volumes, 1856-1859
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Kutschker, Johann Baptist . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 13th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1865, pp. 432–434 ( digitized version ).
- Johann Friedrich von Schulte : Kutschker, Johann Baptist . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 458-460.
- Franz Loidl: Johann Rudolf Kutschker. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1969, p. 376 f. (Direct links on p. 376 , p. 377 ).
- Ernst Tomek: Church history of Austria. Tyrolia, Innsbruck - Vienna - Munich 1935–1959.
- Josef Vodka: Church in Austria. Guide through their history. Herder, Vienna 1959.
- Franz Loidl : Kutschker, Johann Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 348 ( digitized version ).
- Franz Loidl: History of the Archdiocese of Vienna. Herold, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7008-0223-4 .
- Karl Schwarz: Johann Rudolf Kutschker. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-038-7 , Sp. 840-842.
Web links
- Kutschker, Johann Rudolf. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed August 8, 2016.
- Entry on Johann Baptist Rudolph Kutschker on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on August 8, 2016.
- Private website about Kutschker
Individual evidence
- ^ Josef Wodka, Church in Austria. Vienna 1959, p. 360
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Joseph Othmar von Rauscher |
Archbishop of Vienna 1876–1881 |
Celestine Joseph Ganglbauer |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Kutschker, Johann Rudolf |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kutschker, Johann Baptist Rudolph; Kutschker, Johann Baptist Rudolf (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian archbishop and cardinal |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 11, 1810 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Wiese, Austrian Silesia |
DATE OF DEATH | January 27, 1881 |
Place of death | Vienna |