Johannes Kuhlo

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Johannes Kuhlo 1936
Dedication ( euphonic ) and signature by Johannes Kuhlo
Kuhlo as a Leipzig Wingolfit, 1877

Karl Friedrich Johannes Kuhlo (* October 8, 1856 in Gohfeld , today Löhne ; † May 16, 1941 in Gadderbaum , today Bielefeld ) is considered, together with his father Eduard Kuhlo, to be the founder of the Protestant trombone choir movement in Germany.

Life

Parents and youth

Johannes Kuhlo was born as the son of the evangelical pastor Eduard Kuhlo (1822-1891), who belonged to the neo-Pietist revival movement and founded so-called youth and virgin associations to keep young people away from alcohol and immorality and instead to teach them religiously. Johannes Kuhlo was later able to build on the work of his strictly biblical father.

Since 1865 Johannes Kuhlo has autodidactically acquired the alto trombone game. In 1870 he switched to a flugelhorn . In 1871 he was one of the initiators of the foundation of the high school trombone choir at the Evangelical-Stiftischen-Gymnasium Gütersloh .

Study and parish office

After he had passed his Abitur at the Evangelisch Stiftisches Gymnasium in Gütersloh in 1875 , he studied Protestant theology in Leipzig from 1876 . In 1877 he moved to Erlangen , and finally to Halle (Saale) and Münster . During his studies he became a member of the Wingolfs connections in Erlangen and Leipzig .

Then he was "Oberhelfer" in the Rauhen Haus in Hamburg . At the age of 26 he was ordained in Hüllhorst near Lübbecke in 1882 . Three years later he married the pastor's daughter Anna Siebold from Schildesche (now in Bielefeld). In 1892, at the request of Friedrich von Bodelschwingh , also Wingolfit from Halle, Kuhlo took over the pastoral office in the von Bodelschwingh institutions in Bethel and became head of the Nazareth deaconry. He let the deacons trained there play wind instruments and thus achieved a widespread dissemination of trombone music in the congregations.

In 1927 the theological faculty in Erlangen awarded him an honorary doctorate .

Commitment to the music

Kuhlo was musically engaged throughout his life. Together with the Bielefeld instrument maker Ernst David , he designed the Kuhlohorn named after him . At the age of 25 he was already so well-known and successful after many wind meetings and training courses that he was nicknamed "General of the Trumpets". He described himself as a “co-worker at Psalm 150” (“Praise the Lord with trumpets!” - Ps 150.3  LUT ).

In 1899/1900 he mobilized thousands of singers and wind players to pay homage to the emperor in Westphalia, who played under his direction. The "Kuhlo Horn Sextet" existed from 1920 to 1931. From 1926 he officiated as trumpet warden of the then "Reich Association of Evangelical Young Men of Germany". In 1933 he acted briefly as "Reichsposaunenführer". After the trombone choirs were hived off from the young men 's federations and the restructuring of the "Association of Evangelical Trombone Choirs in Germany" within the Reich Chamber of Music, he became its honorary president in 1934.

The 1st Reich Trumpet Day, organized in Bielefeld and Bethel in 1936 on the occasion of Kuhlo's 80th birthday, suffered severe harassment from the local Nazi rulers.

On Kuhlo "Piano spelling" goes for trumpets and horns back in the notes sounding are written so in the really sounding pitch (called "C-Class"). He had introduced this so that the congregation, organ, choir and trombone choir can play together without any problems. The simultaneous demarcation from the secular area, especially military music (see  transposing musical instrument ), was definitely intended. Kuhlo wanted to prevent the members of the trombone choirs from hiring transposing brass bands, which he regarded as reprehensible because of their beer consumption and repertoire.

Kuhlo was the editor of several music books for the trombone choirs and the book "Trombone Questions", which basically dealt with the work of the trombone choirs. Kuhlo's sound ideal was based on the view that the trombone choirs should imitate a vocal choir as closely as possible. That is why he preferred horns of all kinds and particularly despised trumpets. After Kuhlo's death, this view was thoroughly revised, in some cases even reversed.

Kuhlo and Hitler

Since his time as vicariate with Pastor Julius Möller in Alswede (1882), Kuhlo was considered an electoral supporter and supporter of the imperial court preacher Adolf Stoecker (1835-1909), who later wanted to win over the workers for conservative circles through open hatred of Jews. So Kuhlo expressed himself anti-Semitic and tried to justify this attitude by quoting the Bible. In 1933/34 he was a staunch supporter of the Reich Church sworn on Hitler . In May 1933 Kuhlo became a member of the NSDAP and remained so until his death in 1941. His NSDAP membership card (in the Federal Archives in Berlin) is dated May 1, 1933 . He openly stood up for Adolf Hitler , called for his election as early as 1932 and visited him in July 1933 on the Obersalzberg . The Bielefeld church historian Matthias Benad judges that Kuhlo had already made Hitler acceptable in revival circles on the occasion of the presidential election in 1932. Kuhlo included a trombone version of the Horst Wessel song in his music collection . In front of the 'Führer' he blew chorals on the Obersalzberg. Kuhlo said that Hitler was a devout Christian and read the Moravian slogans , Benad reports.

Kuhlo aka Kruhlow as a literary figure

The Austrian author Heimito von Doderer portrays Kuhlo in his novel The Waterfalls of Slunj as a “Lutheran pastor who was nicknamed 'Trumpet General' at home, because Pastor (or, as they said in his home country, 'Paster') Kruhlow was the head an association of trombone players branching out all over Germany. ”(p. 313)“ Kruhlow ”and his wife are part of a“ pleasure travel company of nine active trombones, that is nine gentlemen, some with their ladies ”(ibid.), who undertakes a boat trip through the Mediterranean.

Fonts

Johannes Kuhlo.JPG
  • Trumpet questions answered by Fr. Johannes Kuhlo-Bethel. 3. Edition. Gütersloh 1909 (4th edition 1933, reprint edited by Horst Dietrich Schlemm , Wahlsburg 1990).
  • Our trombone choirs in Minden-Ravensberg. In: Eduard Schoneweg: Minden-Ravensberg. A home book. 2nd Edition. Bielefeld 1929, pp. 345-348.
  • Pastor Eduard Kuhlo. The father of the youth clubs and trombone choirs in Minden-Ravensberg. In: W. Heienbrok sen .: Witnesses and testimonials from Minden-Ravensberg. Second volume, Bethel b. Bielefeld 1931, pp. 115–125 (co-author: Heinrich Budde).
  • Answer from Pastor D. Kuhlo in Bethel to letters concerning the election of the Reich President. [Bethel b. Bielefeld, 1932]
  • Correction of the legends about my encounter with Adolf Hitler. Bethel b. Bielefeld, January 6, 1934

Sheet music

Jubilate and other choral books

estate

The personal estate of Johannes Kuhlo has been in the Bielefeld Regional Church Archive since 1985 (holdings 3.16) the archive holdings from activities in Bethel are kept in the main Bethel archive.

See also

literature

  • Wilhelm Ehmann : Johannes Kuhlo. A minstrel of God. Stuttgart 1951, Luther Verlag, 6th edition Bielefeld 1981, ISBN 3-7858-0181-5 .
  • Helmut Ludwig: Johannes Kuhlo. The Trumpet General. Brunnen Verlag, Gießen / Basel 1966 ( digitized at www.archive.org).
  • Hubert Kolland:  Kuhlo, Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , pp. 255 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Christof Windhorst: Eduard and Johannes Kuhlo . In: Contributions to local history of the cities of Löhne and Bad Oeynhausen, Issue 12: Contributions to church history of the 19th and 20th centuries - revival movement and church struggle. Löhne 1987, pp. 85-103.
  • Joachim Thalmann (Ed.): Johannes Kuhlo. Collaborator on Psalm 150. Luther-Verlag, Bielefeld 1991, ISBN 3-7858-0336-2 .
  • Johannes Kuhlo . In: Horst Dietrich Schlemm (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of evangelical trumpet work, delivery 2: Twelve men shaped trumpet work. Gütersloh 1991, ISBN 3-579-03021-3 , pp. 28-44.
  • Wolfgang Schnabel:  Johannes Kuhlo. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-038-7 , Sp. 790-793.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Wolfgang Schnabel: Three great supporters of the evangelical trombone choir movement. Johannes Kuhlo, Adolf Müller, Wilhelm Ehmann. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1994, ISBN 3-8196-0241-0 .
  • Gerald Sommer : About steamers, submarines and wrecks. Shipping metaphors in Doderer's short prose. In: Gerald Sommer, Kai Luehrs-Kaiser (Eds.): “Shots into the Finstere”: To Heimito von Doderer's short prose (writings of the Heimito von Doderer Society; 2). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-8260-2076-6 , pp. 155–172 (on Kuhlo / Kruhlow, esp. Pp. 167–172).
  • Wolfgang Schnabel: History of the Protestant Trumpet Movement in Westphalia. 1840-2000. Luther-Verlag, Bielefeld 2003, ISBN 3-7858-0446-6 .
  • Holger Spierig: He filled Bethel with the sound of wind instruments. 'Trumpet General' Johannes Kuhlo was born 150 years ago. epd-Wochenspiegel, West edition, No. 40 (October 5, 2006), p. 6.
  • Nils Niemann: Brass sounds in church services. A journey through 3000 years of praise to God. Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-00-019677-3 .
  • Wolfgang Schnabel: Johannes Kuhlo (1856–1941): Prussian, pastor, trumpet general. In: Jürgen Kampmann (Ed.): Protestantism in Prussia, Vol. IV From the First World War to the division of Germany. Frankfurt a. Main 2011, ISBN 978-3-86921-036-0 , pp. 31-48.

Web links

Commons : Johannes Kuhlo  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ His grandfather was the Gütersloh school rector and cantor Karl Philipp Kuhlo , his uncle the pastor and hymn composer Karl Kuhlo .
  2. ^ Reinhard Neumann: Pastor Johannes Kuhlo (1856–1941). His political attitudes as head of the Westphalian Diakonenanstalt Nazareth from 1893–1922 and beyond. In: Yearbook for Westphalian Church History, Vol. 102, 2006, pp. 367–403, especially p. 393.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Neumann: The Westphalian Diakonenanstalt Nazareth 1914–1954. Luther-Verlag, Bielefeld 2010, p. 170.
  4. ↑ According to Holger Spierig: "He filled Bethel with the sound of wind instruments." 150 years ago 'Trumpet General' Johannes Kuhlo was born. epd-Wochenspiegel, West edition, No. 40 (October 5, 2006), p. 6.
  5. ↑ Main Archive Bethel
personal data
SURNAME Kuhlo, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German musician, founder of the Protestant trombone choir
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1856
PLACE OF BIRTH Wages
DATE OF DEATH May 16, 1941
Place of death Gadderbaum