Jubilee Line

Route of the Jubilee Line
Route length:	36.2 km
Gauge :	1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Line color:	Gray
Opening year:	1979
Line type:	Tubular track
Stations:	27
Depot:	Stratford Market
Type of train used:	1996 Tube Stock
Passengers:	213,554,000 (annually)
Jubilee Line
Stanmore Stanmore siding Canons Park Queensbury Kingsbury Wembley Park Metropolitan Neasden Dollis Hill Willesden Green Kilburn West Hampstead Finchley Road Metropolitan Swiss Cottage St. John's Wood Baker Street Bakerloo Circle Hammersmith & City Metropolitan To the Bakerloo Line , which used to go to Stanmore. Bond Street Central Green Park Piccadilly Victoria Charing Cross (closed in 1999) Bakerloo Northern End of the route shortly before Aldwych Westminster Circle District Thames Waterloo Bakerloo Northern Waterloo & City Southwark London Bridge Northern Bermondsey Canada Water Thames Canary Wharf Thames North Greenwich Thames Canning Town West Ham District Hammersmith & City Stratford Market Depot Stratford Central

The Jubilee Line is a metro -line of the London Underground . It is 36.2 km long and has 27 stations (13 of them underground). It is shown in gray or silver on the route network map.

history

The Jubilee Line opened on May 1, 1979. It was created on the one hand from the takeover of an existing branch of the Bakerloo Line between Baker Street and Stanmore (originally built by the Metropolitan Railway ), on the other hand from a four-kilometer-long underground new line between Baker Street and Charing Cross .

There was previously a station called Charing Cross, which was served by the Circle Line and the District Line as well as the Bakerloo Line and the Northern Line . This was renamed Embankment . The new Charing Cross station was created from the merger of the Strand stations of the Northern Line and Trafalgar Square of the Bakerloo Line. These two previously separate stations were given a new common distribution level and were supplemented with the terminus of the Jubilee Line.

The new line should originally have been called Fleet Line , named after the River Fleet that flows through London. On the occasion of the silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II's throne , the line that was still under construction was renamed Jubilee Line in 1977. The gray color on the network map is supposed to symbolize silver.

Extension to the east

The start of construction on the second stage was postponed until the late 1990s due to a lack of funds. According to the original plans, the Jubilee Line would have run over Fleet Street and Fenchurch Street of the Thames , crossed under the river at Wapping and ended at Lewisham station. This was hoped for a better connection to the Surrey Docks and a direct relief of the Bakerloo Line in the inner city area. The plans for this route even provided for the routes in South London, which are now connected to the East London Line by the London Overground , to be opened up by the Jubilee Line.

Due to the rapid structural development in the Docklands , a former port area, however, the plans were changed. The reason was that a route south of the Thames in the direction of Docklands had become more profitable and would better accommodate the changed traffic flows. In addition, the number of potential passengers on the southern branches of the route decreased, as more and more people settled near the city center and thus the number of inhabitants in the peripheral areas fell - with them also the number of passengers.

The newly planned route now led first south of the Thames, then across the Docklands to Stratford station . This routing made sense, as it made it possible to move passengers in Stratford to change trains from the overcrowded Central Line, which opened up Docklands and thereby also the Docklands Light Railway, and further enabled the connection of the Surrey Docks to other areas south of the Thames. While preparatory work began in October 1993, the construction site was formally opened in December of that year by then British Prime Minister John Major .

The extension went into operation in 1999 in three stages. It branches off the original line after Green Park station , serves the important stations of Waterloo and London Bridge and opens up the modern skyscraper district of Canary Wharf in Docklands . The line ends in Stratford, where it was originally planned to let the Eurostar trains to Paris and Brussels stop from 2010 . The Thames is crossed under a total of four times. The original terminus Charing Cross was closed after twenty years and is now used as a parking space and as a turning point in the event of operational problems.

vehicles

Initially, Bakerloo Line vehicles were used, the 1972 Tube Stock . In 1984 the 1983 Tube Stock was put into service, which was also the last type built with conventional technology. Because the line was extended to Stratford, new trains were needed and the still relatively young 1983 Tube Stock were retired. A motor vehicle remains in the Transport Museum . In 2004 there were still a few units standing around in Uxbridge , they were rusted to the rails.

For the eastern part of the Jubilee Line, where there are platform screen doors, it is therefore not possible to couple the 1983 Tube Stock with the new 1996 Tube Stock . These trains were delivered in 1997.

The 1996 Tube Stock trains were supplemented by a car from the end of December 2005, so that each train consists of seven cars. The stations did not have to be converted for this, as the PEDs (Platform Edge Door) were already in place. With this measure, the capacity of the line could be increased by 17 percent.

architecture

Neasden underground station

Tile patterns in Bond Street Station

The futuristic Westminster station

Canada Water train station

The very spacious entrance hall of Canary Wharf station

The stations have a completely different appearance depending on the era in which they were built. The above-ground stations between Stanmore and Baker Street , built by the Metropolitan Line, resemble typical English country train stations with their brick construction. The tunnel stations on the route built in 1979 are good average in terms of design.

The stations on the extension to Stratford , which opened in 1999 , are quite different . They are all very spacious, if not huge. Some of them have huge entrance halls and high glass domes through which daylight falls on the distribution levels. In general, it creates a futuristic impression. The tunnel stations (Westminster up to and including North Greenwich) are equipped with platform screen doors that only open when the trains come to a stop. This prevents accidents and suicides .

The planning for the overall concept of the stations along the extension was assigned to the architect Roland Paloetti . He deliberately set different architects to work out the different stations in order to be able to achieve an individuality of each individual stop. In addition, the concept he planned provided for a large part of the money allocated for the construction to be used for the underground stations and thus to plan and equip the above-ground stations a little more sparsely.

Westminster Station , which opened in 1868, is unrecognizable as it was completely rebuilt. The construction turned out to be extremely complex, as the existing station on the Circle and District Line had to be lowered by 30 centimeters while operations continued. The Jubilee Line station is the lowest of the whole network after Hampstead , it lies over 50 meters below the earth's surface and serves as the foundation of Portcullis House .

The most striking feature of the Canada Water station is the more than 25 meter high drum-shaped glass dome above the reception building. Canada Water is the only station built according to the now-abandoned Fleet Line plans.

The Canary Wharf station opens up the skyscraper district of the same name in Docklands. It is the largest station in terms of area in the entire underground network, it was designed by the renowned architect Norman Foster and built in an emptied harbor basin . The main reason for the enormous proportions is the large number of people who use this station; Over 50,000 passengers get on or off here every day. This makes Canary Wharf one of the most frequently used stations.

business

The Jubilee Line trains run on the following sections:

• Stratford - Stanmore: 12-15 trains / hour
• Stratford - Wembley Park: 4–5 trains / hour
• Stratford - Willesden Green: 4 trains / hour

Stations

from west to east

• Stanmore - opened December 10, 1932 for the Metropolitan Line; transferred to Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Canons Park - opened December 10, 1932 for the Metropolitan Line; transferred to Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Queensbury - opened December 16, 1934 for the Metropolitan Line; transferred to Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Kingsbury - opened December 10, 1932 for the Metropolitan Line; transferred to Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Wembley Park - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Neasden - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Dollis Hill - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Willesden Green - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Kilburn - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• West Hampstead - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Finchley Road - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Swiss Cottage - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• St. John's Wood - first served by the Bakerloo Line on November 20, 1939; Transferred to the Jubilee Line on May 1, 1979
• Baker Street - opened May 1, 1979
• Bond Street - opened May 1, 1979
• Green Park - opened May 1, 1979
• Charing Cross - opened May 1, 1979; closed on November 19, 1999
• Westminster - opened December 22, 1999
• Waterloo - opened on September 24, 1999
• Southwark - opened November 20, 1999
• London Bridge - opened on October 7, 1999
• Bermondsey - opened September 17, 1999
• Canada Water - opened September 17, 1999
• Canary Wharf - opened September 17, 1999
• North Greenwich - opened May 14, 1999
• Canning Town - opened May 14, 1999
• West Ham - opened May 14, 1999
• Stratford - opened May 14, 1999

Security and fire protection

Platform screen doors in Westminster Station

From the experiences of the King's Cross Fire of 1987 and from numerous other lines or subway networks around the world, a special security concept was developed for the extension, which represented the general safety of the passenger as well as improved fire protection. In addition to glass partition walls between the platform and the track, a sprinkler system and an improved smoke outlet were also installed. Furthermore, all stations were provided with at least two exits on each side of the platform so that an escape route is kept free in the event of a fire.

Further planning

It was planned to introduce a 24-hour service on the entire route on weekends from September 2015. Due to an ongoing dispute between the operating company Transport for London and the rail unions, this plan was postponed. The service was launched on October 7, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Jubilee Line  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Clive's Underground Line Guides - Jubilee Line

literature

• David Bennett: Metro , ISBN 3-613-71262-8
• David Bownes: Underground-How the tube shaped London . Penguin Books, London 2012, ISBN 978-1-84614-462-2 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ London Underground - Performance Data . Transport for London website (Performance Data Almanac). Retrieved July 28, 2012.
2. ↑ Bowness: How the tube shaped London. P. 202.
3. ↑ Bowness: How the tube shaped London. P. 233.
4. ↑ Bowness: How the tube shaped London. Pp. 231-235.
5. ↑ Bowness: How the tube shaped London. P. 235.
6. ^ The Night Tube - Transport for London . Tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved July 14, 2017.