Virgin vines

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Virgin vines
Three-pronged virgin vine (Parthenocissus tricuspidata)

Three-pronged virgin vine ( Parthenocissus tricuspidata )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Order : Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family : Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Genre : Virgin vines
Scientific name
Parthenocissus
Planch.

Virgin vines ( Parthenocissus ), also fence vines or wild wine, is a genus of plants within the grapevine family (Vitaceae). The approximately 13 species are native to the temperate latitudes of Asia and North America. Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants, mainly for greening house walls, walls and fences.

description

Parthenocissus , like Vitis vinifera, is a deciduous liana . The specialty are the shoot tendrils at the end, which are transformed into disc-shaped adhesive organs . The entire, stalked leaves are simple and lobed or three to seven-fingered.

The inflorescences are branched. The flowers are hermaphroditic or, more rarely, functionally male. The inconspicuous flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five greenish petals are free. There is only one circle with five stamens that is epipetal . An intrastaminal disc is present. The bluish black berries contain only one to three mostly spherical seeds.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Parthenocissus was established in 1887 by Jules Émile Planchon in Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle and Anne Casimir Pyramus de Candolle : Monographiae Phanerogamarum , Volume 5, pp. 447-453. The generic name Parthenocissus is made up of the Greek words parthenos for virgin and kissos for ivy . Synonyms for Parthenocissus Planch. are Psedera Necker ex ELGreene and Quinaria Raf. non Lour.

There are about 13 species of Parthenocissus :

  • Parthenocissus chinensis C.L.Li : This species thrives in dry to semi-arid areas and on rocky slopes at altitudes between 1300 and 2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of southwestern and western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan .
  • Parthenocissus dalzielii Gagnep. (Syn .: Parthenocissus landuk Gagnep. Nom. Illeg. Superfl., Vitis landuk Miq. Nom. Illeg. Superfl.): This species thrives in China in forests and shrub vegetation at altitudes between 200 and 3800 meters.
  • Parthenocissus feddei (H.Lév.) CLLi (Syn .: Vitis feddei H.Lév. ): The sites are in rocky areas of valleys at altitudes between 600 and 1100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guizhou , Hubei and Hunan .
  • Parthenocissus henryana (Hemsley) Graebner ex Diels & Gilg : The two varieties usually thrive on damp rocks at altitudes between 100 and 1500 meters in China.
  • Parthenocissus heterophylla (flower) Merr. from China and Taiwan .
  • Parthenocissus laetevirens Rehder : It thrives in forests of valleys and shrub vegetation on slopes at altitudes between 100 and 1100 meters in the Chinese provinces: Anhui , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Sichuan and Zhejiang .
  • Self-climbing virgin vine , also called (five-leaved) wild wine, ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. , Syn .: Hedera quinquefolia L. , Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Michaux , Parthenocissus engelmannii Koehne & Graebner , Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greetings , Quinaria hederacea Rafinesque nom. Illeg., Vitis quinquefolia (L.) Lam. , Parthenocissus heptaphylla (Buckley) Britton ex Small ): It is native to eastern North America.
  • Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Planch. (Syn .: Parthenocissus cuspidifera var. Pubifolia C.L.Li , Parthenocissus himalayana (Royle) Planch. , Parthenocissus himalayana var. Rubrifolia (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Gagnep. , Parthenocissus himalayana var. Vestita (Royle) Hand.-Mazz. , Parthenocissus semicordata var. Rubrifolia (H.Lév. & Vaniot) CLLi , Psedera himalayana (Royle) CKSchneid. , Vitis himalayana (Royle) Brandis , Vitis himalayana var. Semicordata (Wall.) Wall. , Vitis himalayana var. Semicordata (Wall. ) MALawson , Vitis rubrifolia . H.Lév & Vaniot , Vitis semicordata . Wall , Vitis semicordata . var himalayana (Royle) short ex Hance ): Dating back to the Himalayas .
  • Parthenocissus suberosa Handel-Mazzetti , also known as three-lobed wild wine ( Parthenocissus tricuspidata var. Ferruginea W.T.Wang ): It thrives on rocks at altitudes between 500 and 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi , Guizhou , Hunan and Jiangxi .
  • Parthenocissus tricuspidata also rarely mentioned, even Veitschrebe, wall cat Veit ski ( Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Planch. Syn .: Ampelopsis haponica auct., Ampelopsis minima auct., Ampelopsis tricuspidata Siebold & Zucc. , Ampelopsis veitchii auct., Cissus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. , Cissus tricuspidata Siebold & Zucc. , Parthenocissus thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai , Psedera thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai , Psedera tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehder , Vitis inconstans Miq. , Vitis inconstans Miq H.Lév. , Vitis thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Druce , Vitis tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Lynch ): The distribution area is China, Korea and Japan.
  • Ordinary virgin vine, also called climbing wall wine ( Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. , Syn .: Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch ): It is native to western and northern North America.

Pearl glands

Photo: pearl gland of Vitis vinifera
Link to the picture
(please note copyrights )

In warm, humid climates, usually in greenhouses, small, white, transparent globules can be found on the young shoots and on the underside of the leaves of the wine. These are not pests, but pearl glands that support the release of water from the shoots and can form the nutrient basis for harmless predatory mites .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  2. ↑ Parthenocissus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 10, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b Overview climbing plants , In: Fassadengrünung-Polygrün.de

Web links

Commons : Virgin Vines ( Parthenocissus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files