Cold

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Cold
City of Volkmarsen
Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 8 "  N , 9 ° 4 ′ 26"  E
Height : 201 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.03 km²
Residents : 821  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 82 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : August 1, 1972
Postal code : 34471
Area code : 05691
Cold from the southwest
Cold from the southwest

The formerly independent municipality of Külte has been part of the northern Hessian town of Volkmarsen in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district since August 1st, 1972 . With about 830 inhabitants, the place is the largest of the five districts of the municipality after the core city.

Geographical location

In the west and south the place is framed by the foothills of the Waldecker Bergland; in the north and east the landscape opens up to the Volkmarser Börde, which then merges into the Warburger Börde .

history

Village history

The first certificate of Külte dates back to 750. Presumably the place, however, was inhabited since prehistoric times: the "Clover head" towards Herbsen you can still find remnants of the former burial mounds .

In 1036 the farming village of Culete or Culite is mentioned as being owned by the Principality of Paderborn . In 1135 local nobility were called "de Culite". Since 1276 the place was owned by the Counts of Waldeck . In the 14th and 15th centuries, the von Brobeck and von Mederike families owned property here as a Waldeck fief . In 1533 the lords of Gudenberg zu Elmarshausen were mentioned with a fief. In 1537 the Counts of Waldeck owned the tithe that was delivered to Wetterburg . In 1678 a small industry with sheet metal hammer mill and cloth factory is mentioned. Külte belonged to the Wetterburg office .

In the Gogericht Külte, which also included the small Leiborn settlement west of Mengeringhausen and the Reigerlütersen desert , the Counts of Waldeck had presided over at least since 1236. Later, Külte belonged to the free court in Landau , then to the free chair Mengeringhausen.

On August 1, 1972, the previously independent municipality of Külte was incorporated into the city of Volkmarsen by virtue of state law as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

church

The church is first mentioned in 1231, although a pastor from Cullethe named Heinrich is mentioned as early as 1224. The patronage was initially held by Messrs Wolff von Gudenberg, and after they died out in 1534, the Counts of Waldeck . The first Lutheran pastor was Johann Dilmar in 1542.

The central nave, which is still preserved today, probably comes from a former Romanesque basilica . Conversions took place in 1609, 1659, and probably in 1787. The jewel of the church is the late Gothic carved altar from 1521, which comes from the workshop of the Franciscans in Meitersdorf (near Frankenberg / Eder ). Altars from the same workshop are still standing in Braunau , Kleinern and Dalwigksthal today . During the Second World War , the church was partially destroyed, but rebuilt largely by the people's own efforts until 1953.

Jewish hachshara

From September 1934, there was an agricultural training facility run by the Jewish youth organization Hechaluz in Külte as a preparatory camp (“ Hachschara ”) for young Jewish adults who were preparing for emigration to Palestine . In addition to Külte, there were three other such training centers in Hesse: in Grüsen near Gemünden an der Wohra , at the Gehringshof near Fulda and at the Löhnberger Hütte near Weilburg . The trainees were mostly students from all parts of Germany who were not allowed to continue studying under the Nazi regime. They called their new home a “ kibbutz ” because it was here that they were prepared for a life as workers in the kibbutz. With a completed agricultural training one could get a certificate from the British government to immigrate to Palestine. The Jewish timber merchant Simon Strauss made an area at the Külter train station available free of charge.

On weekends the building was repeatedly pelted with stones for hours by visitors to the SS leadership school of the economic administration service in Arolsen .

In August 1936 the Hachshara in Külte was suddenly dissolved. The Palestine Office in Berlin , which had previously only received a very limited number of immigration certificates, had received 1,000 new certificates, after which all members of the Külter kibbutz could emigrate. Mostly equipped with only ten Reichsmarks and hand luggage, the young people traveled by train from Kassel to Trieste and from there by ship to Haifa .

literature

  • Michael Winkelmann: The Hachsharah in Külte. In: Renate Knigge-Tesche / Axel Ulrich (ed.): Persecution and resistance in Hesse 1933–1945. Eichborn Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1996, pp. 102-112
  • Hilmar G. Stoecker: Cold . Arolsen: Waldeckischer Geschichtsverein 1993 (= Waldeckische Ortssippenbücher 46); Covered period 1662–1986, 2573 families
  • Literature on cold in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Külte, Waldeck-Frankenberg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population figures on the website of the city of Volkmarsen , accessed in March 2019.
  3. ↑ Ludwig Theodor August Holscher: The older diocese Paderborn, according to its old borders, archdeaconates, districts and old courts. Part VI: Archidiaconat Warburg. In: Association for history and antiquity of Westphalia (Hg) .: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity , vol. 41, Regensberg, Münster, 1883 (p. 202)
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Hofgeismar, Kassel and Wolfhagen (GVBl. II 330-17) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 225 , § 6 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 409 .
  6. ↑ Ludwig Theodor August Holscher: The older diocese Paderborn, according to its old borders, archdeaconates, districts and old courts. Part VI: Archidiaconat Warburg. In: Association for history and antiquity of Westphalia: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity, vol. 41, Regensberg, Münster, 1883 (p. 187)
  7. ↑ On the history of the Jewish community in Volkmarsen, see alemannia-judaica
  8. ↑ Gesa Coordes: When Hessian kibbutzim became a "ray of light" , in Frankfurter Rundschau , August 20, 1994 ( memento from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )