Volkmarsen (Volkmarsen)

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Volkmarsen
City of Volkmarsen
Coat of arms of Volkmarsen
Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 44 ″  N , 9 ° 6 ′ 55 ″  E
Height : 259 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.03 km²
Residents : 821  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 82 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : August 1, 1972
Postal code : 34471
Area code : 05693
Volkmarsen photographed from the Kugelsburg
Volkmarsen photographed from the Kugelsburg

Volkmarsen is the eponymous district of the city of Volkmarsen in the northern Hessian district of Waldeck-Frankenberg .

geography

Volkmarsen and Kugelsburg

Volkmarsen is located in northern Hesse around 28 km (as the crow flies ) west-northwest of Kassel on the northern edge of the Waldecker Tafelland and its flattening towards the Diemel valley. The Habichtswald Nature Park is located east of the city.

Volkmarsen is traversed or touched by the Diemel tributary Twiste in the west, into which the Watter flows southwest of the city center and the Wande and the eastern Erpe flow to the north . Nine brooks run through the district before their water is led over the Twiste into the Diemel. A canal derived from the Twiste as additional protection from the city walls can still be seen today in the western area of ​​the old town as the "Mühlengraben".

The following existing or former settlement areas are known in the area of the Volkmarsen:

  • Almern
  • Benfeld
  • Bopfeld
  • Forests
  • Judenwarte
  • Mederich
  • Sour well
  • Scheidwarte
  • Vogelsangsmühle
  • Volkmarsen
  • Weather
  • Wittmar
  • Brick factory

history

City with castle ruins around 1800
town hall

Place name

In the course of history, the place name was mentioned in different spellings:

  • Volkmaressen (1155) [Westphalian document book 5.1: Papal documents of Westphalia up to the year 1304, p. 37 No. 104]
  • Volcmarsen (1162) [Copy 17th century Westphalian document book 5.1: Papal documents from Westphalia up to 1304, pp. 45–47, no. 123]
  • Volcmarssen (1184) [Copy of the 16th century Westphalian document book 5.1: Papal documents from Westphalia up to 1304, pp. 58–60, no. 145]
  • Volkmersen, in (1190–1205) [Regesta historiae Westfaliae 2: 1126–1200, document book, pp. 214–215, no. 508]
  • Wolcmergensis, in (13th century) [Directory of tithe incomes of Corvey Abbey, in: Liber vitae der Abtei Corvey, Vol. 1, p. 113, i.5]
  • Volcmerressen, de (1233) [Westfälisches Urkundenbuch 4.1, pp. 145–146, no. 219]
  • Wolcmersen, de (1233) [Westfälisches Urkundenbuch 4.1, p. 149, no. 224]
  • Volcmarsen, in (1240) [Westfälisches Urkundenbuch 4.1, pp. 199–200, no. 300]
  • Volkershem, in (1252) [Spilcker, History of the Counts of Everstein and their possessions, document book, pp. 100-102, no. 96]
  • Volchmersen, in (1257) [documents Hardehausen Monastery, pp. 162–163, no. 172]
  • Volcmersen (1266) [Documents of the Wormeln Monastery, pp. 46–47, No. 9]
  • Volcmershem (1303) [Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne 3, p. 311, no. 3923]
  • Volckmarsen (1297–1304) [Regesta of the Archbishops of Cologne 3, p. 320, no. 3970]
  • Volcersenn (1317) [F. Varnhagen, contributions to the history of the Counts of Everstein and their possessions, in: Archive for History and Antiquity of Westphalia 2 (1828), pp. 150–151]
  • Volcmersen, in (1329) [Documents Hardehausen Monastery, pp. 479–480, No. 654]
  • Volmarsz, iuxta (1332–1344) [Documents on the history of the principalities of Waldeck and Pyrmont, edit. by Louis Curtze, undated, copy in the service library of the Hessian State Archives Marburg, p. 39–50, no. 31, here p. 40–41]
  • Voltmerssen (1370–1376) [Conrad, Kopiar- und Urbarübergabe Kloster Hardehausen, p. 116]
  • Folckmessen (1708/10) [Schleenstein, Landesaufnahme, Karte Nr. 2]
  • Volckemissen (1733) [HStAD inventory P 23 No. 56]

Middle Ages and early modern times

Volkmarsen was first mentioned in a document in a Corveyer tithe list in 1155 . In a letter of protection from Pope Gregory IX. Volkmarsen was first referred to as a city in 1233. In 1304 the Corvey Abbey pledged half of the city and the Kugelsburg to the Archbishop of Cologne; the second half was acquired by his successor in 1440. Since 1507, the city and the castle belonged to the Duchy of Westphalia , after the Corvey Abbey waived its rights to repurchase.

During the Thirty Years War , the occupation of the Kugelsburg and the city of Volkmarsen was reinforced by Bavarian mercenaries in 1622 to protect against Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , the "Tollen Christian". After his defeat, imperial troops moved in . In 1632 the conquest by Hesse took place, which culminated in the looting and pillage of the city and the destruction of the fortifications.

In 1802, Hessen-Darmstadt occupied the Duchy of Westphalia. It almost came to an armed conflict when troops from Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Kassel fought over ownership of the city. At the same time, Hereditary Prince Wilhelm of Nassau-Orange raised claims to the city as the newly appointed Prince of Nassau-Orange-Fulda . Initially, Hessen-Darmstadt was able to assert itself until the said Hereditary Prince received the city in 1806, which, however, became part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia a year later and became the seat of the so-called Canton Volckmarsen . After the Congress of Vienna in 1814, Prussia received the city, but ceded it to the Electorate of Hesse in 1817 . In 1866 the place became Prussian again when the Electorate of Hesse was annexed by Prussia. The city has belonged to the state of Hesse since 1945.

Territorial reform

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Volkmarsen came to the Waldeck district on August 1, 1972 from what was then the Wolfhagen district and has been part of the Waldeck-Frankenberg district since January 1, 1974 . On February 1, 1971, the previously independent community of Ehringen, which also belonged to the Wolfhagen district, was incorporated. On August 1, 1972, Herbsen, Hörle, Külte and Lütersheim (all in the Waldeck district) were added by state law.

religion

Due to the fact that the city was part of the Duchy of Westphalia during and after the Reformation , the Catholic denomination remained predominant in the core city of Volkmarsen. The Catholic parish of Volkmarsen has been assigned to the diocese of Fulda since 1821 .

The Protestant parish was able to build its own church in the middle of the 19th century. In August 2010 it received new bronze bells, whose tone sequence b-des-es is coordinated with the ringing of the Catholic St. Mary's Church. The Protestant parish has belonged to the Twiste-Eisenberg parish since 2008.

A shaft mikvah discovered by hobby archaeologists in a half-timbered building in Steinweg documents a Jewish community in Volkmarsen as early as the late Middle Ages. The ritual bath could be dendrochronologically dated to the early 16th century. Architectural elements, however, assign the mikveh to a medieval building type. The Volkmarsener mikveh shows parallels to the Friedberger mikveh .

Culture and sights

Catholic parish church St. Marien, 2014
The Protestant Church receives new bronze bells, 2010
Scheidwarte south of Volkmarsen in the NSG Scheid

Local museum

In the house of Dr. Bock , Kasseler Str. 6, there is the Volkmarser Heimatmuseum and the exhibition, the history workshop and the documentation and information center of the association "Rückblende - Gegen das Vergessen eV" about Jewish life in Volkmarsen and the surrounding area.

Geopark

There are three stations of the Grenzwelten Geopark in the Volkmarser urban area: 1) Kugelsburg, 2) Sauerbrunnen, 3) mining tunnels of the Ralekesberg.

Buildings

Cultural monuments

  • Old court square, west of the Ehringen district
  • Jewish ritual bath ( mikveh ) from the 16th to 18th centuries Century, 2013 in a private house in Steinweg

Natural monuments

  • Hollenkammer , a small sandstone rock cave near the Lütersheim district
  • Huckershöhlen , between Volkmarsen and Lütersheim
  • Volkmarser Sauerbrunnen, mineral water spring with state recognition as a healing spring.

Local legends

A number of popular sagas and legends have been handed down from the area of ​​Volkmarsen: see Volkmarser sagas .

traffic

Volkmarsen train station
Kurhessenbahn in Volkmarsen station

The Volkmarsen station is on the Warburg – Sarnau and the Volkmarsen – Vellmar-Obervellmar lines . There is an hourly regional express to the Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe train station and to Korbach Süd and regular bus routes to Korbach, Warburg and Breuna. In addition, a collective call taxi (AST) runs every 60 minutes from all bus stops in Volkmars to almost all places in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district. Volkmarsen is part of the NVV network . Volkmarsen is on the A 44 (section Dortmund - Kassel ).

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

literature

  • Paul Lebrecht Kailuweit: Chronicle of the city of Volkmarsen . History and local history association Volkmarsen e. V., Volkmarsen, Volume 1, 1993; Vol. 2, 1996.
  • Michael Gosmann: An unknown city view of Volkmarsen with the Kugelsburg from 1803. In: SüdWestfalen Archive. Regional history in the former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia and the County of Arnsberg, Arnsberg 2001, pp. 167–171.
  • Manfred Schöne: The Duchy of Westphalia under Hesse-Darmstadt rule 1802–1816. Olpe 1966.
  • Wolf Vervoort: 750 years of the city of Volkmarsen - chronicle of a small town. Publisher: Festival committee for the 750th anniversary of the city of Volkmarsen, Hans Sauerland printing company, Volkmarsen 1983.
  • Wolf Vervoort: Guide through the old town of Volkmarsen and its district. Local history and history association Volkmarsen, Volkmarsen 2004.
  • Ernst Klein: Disappeared Neighbors - Repressed History. 2nd Edition. Flashback Against Forgetting eV, 2012/2013 (304 pages).
  • Ernst Klein: Seeing old things with young eyes - Volkmarsen - my city, past and present. Ernst Klein, 2013 (110 pages, 200 photos).
  • Ernst Klein: “but it's better than bread and butter in D.” - history is lived life. Ernst Klein, 2016 (250 pages).
  • Literature on Volkmarsen in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Wikivoyage: Volkmarsen  - travel guide
Wikisource: Volkmarsen  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Volkmarsen, Waldeck-Frankenberg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population figures on the website of the city of Volkmarsen , accessed in March 2019.
  3. ↑ a b Law on the reorganization of the districts of Hofgeismar, Kassel and Wolfhagen (GVBl. II 330-17) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 225 , §§ 6 and 14 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  4. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , para. 3 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 409, 411 .
  6. ↑ Article in the Jüdische Allgemeine from July 4, 2014
  7. ↑ Website of the working group Flashback - Against Forgetting eV
  8. ↑ Website of the "National GeoPark GrenzWelten! - geostations "
  9. ↑ Discovered a unique Jewish ritual bath in Volkmarsen. In: Hessische / Niedersächsische Allgemeine . Retrieved December 13, 2013 .
  10. ↑ "Verein für Computergenealogie eV" on Medical Council Dr. med. Franz Josef SCHERF