Potash works union Schwarzburg
| Potash works union Schwarzburg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Schwarzburg shaft | ||
| Mining technology | Söhliger site development | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Schwarzburg union | ||
| Employees | 200 | ||
| Start of operation | 1913 | ||
| End of operation | 1925 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Carnallitite | ||
| Carnallitite | |||
| Staßfurt | |||
| Raw material content | K 2 O up to 10.2% | ||
| Greatest depth | 744.6 | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 19 '30 " N , 11 ° 2' 36" E | ||
|
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| Location | Seega | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | South Harz district | ||
The disused potash mine union Schwarzburg is not far east of Seega in Thuringia.
The company was founded on November 24, 1906. The commercial registration as " Union Schwarzburg" according to Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt law did not take place until four years later. The excavation work on the Schwarzburg shaft began now . In the early summer of 1910 the final depth of 744.6 m was reached. In older rock salt two were soles struck: the 724,6- and the 732.6 m level. In Örterbau was carnallite won and for further processing by cable car to the neighboring potash Guenther Hall promoted. The mining work was stopped on the basis of Section 83a of the Decommissioning Ordinance in 1923. The Schwarzburg shaft was closed with a concrete cover in December 1926.
The geological and hydrogeological reservoir conditions
The pit field of the disused potash mine "Union Schwarzburg" is located in the area of the Hermundurian Plaice , a NW-SE striking regional-geological unit in the northeast section of the Thuringian Basin and has a width of approx. 7 km. This geological storage structure is also known as the “Roßlebener Sattel” - bounded in the north by the Kyffhäuser-Crimmitzschauer and in the south by the Finne fault zone.
The deposit can be assigned to the southern Harz type. With the shaft, a carnallite deposit of 31 m thickness, a strike by WSW-ENE and a dip of 7 degrees south is exposed.
The hanging part of the salt deposit is 17 m thick and has an average K 2 O content of 10.2%. A middle section of 8 m thickness and an average of 8.4% K 2 O is followed by the undeveloped lying section of 5.5 m thickness, which is to be regarded as a transition zone to the older rock salt . The mine outcrops show a regularly and simply deposited potash seam horizon, without faults or other disturbances. The camp strikes WNW-ESE and dips south at 9 degrees. The pending rubble mercarnallite is 19 m thick and has an average content of 10.1% K 2 O.
Hydrogeologically , the entire area is characterized by the strong water flow of the Buntsandstein , in particular the Rogenstein zones of the Lower Buntsandstein. Inflows of up to 4 m³ / min when sinking the shafts were not uncommon. The “Schwarzburg” shaft had large water inflows in the shaft tube from the beginning, which emerged in 1912 through cracks in the tubbing column at a depth of 129.6–140.1 m at 40 l / min. From 1915 to 1923, an average of 5–10 l / min shaft water was conducted in collecting channels to a 40 m³ basin, which was installed below the tubbing column. From here, the water was transported to the surface in trucks. The daily amount was 30-40 trucks.
The layers at a depth of 127–143 m (where so-called leach ruses appeared ) and at a depth of 227 m (where there is heavily silting sandstone ) are likely to be responsible for these tributaries . In 1925, an ingress of lye occurred in mine 0 with an inflow of 8 to 11 l / min, which led to the gradual drowning of the mine field . These tributaries came from a chimney-like cavity with a diameter of approx. 2 m and a total height of 12 m, which had broken up into the salt clay. The weather smelled like petroleum . Approx. 10–20 cm of lye stood in stretches and dismantling (dismantling 0 to 3 west, see adjacent map ).
The 1.5 m high dams in the two cross-passages 85 m north of the striking stretch had a caustic level of 1.1 to 1.2 m in October / November 1925.
The alkaline solutions had the following composition: K 2 O 1.5-3.8 g / l; MgO 133.3-144.9 g / L; CaO 85.0-105.0 g / L; Cl 350.0-370.1 g / L; Iron oxide 0.4–0.8 g / l (values from February 11 to March 18, 1925, inflow 11.1–13.3 l / min).
From December 1, 1925, there was no longer any control over the lye discharge, as the conveyor systems were demolished. The relatively fast drowning of the pit was probably caused by inflows of day water (possibly also by the weather channel , which was only filled in 1935).
The operation of the potash plant
The financial and business situation
Foundation: On November 24th, 1906 by Kommerzienrat Franz Ohrtmann, Sondershausen , Kommerzienrat Friedrich Lindemann, Halberstadt and bank director August Strassen, Bochum . This mining union was registered by the commercial court on December 22, 1910 as the Schwarzburg-Rudolstädtischen-Rechts company.
Number of Kuxe: The former Schwarzburg union was divided into 1000 Kuxe .
Righteous: The union acquired 94,045,600 m² of a potash area in the subordinate Frankenhausen east of a demarcation line from the union Günthershall , which goes north over the Arensburg and the western part of Seega between the Kyffhäuser and the Brandberg and south and north cuts the national borders. The Seehausen mining fair was later sold back to the Günthershall union for 800,000 M. The Gerechtsame Schwarzburg was then still 27,167,700 m². In 1913, the trade union in the Seega and Günserode corridors received mine ownership in 6 fields of 13,000,000 m² in size for mining the potash salts stored there. In the same year the production started. Tax obligations: 15% of the yield to be distributed had to be paid to the Schwarzburg-Rudostädtisches Staat. In addition, 0.30 RM was paid to the Thuringian state for every 40 ar unit or part thereof.
Participation figure: From February 1, 1913: 2.67 ‰. End of 1921: 4.6905 ‰. End of 1923: 4.3174 ‰. 1924: 4.1809 ‰. 1925: 4.1001 ‰. 1926: 4.0616 ‰. 1927: 4.0133 ‰.
The shaft construction
The trade assemblies of January 20 and June 11, 1910 decided to start the shaft and factory construction, the former by the Deutsche Schachtbau-Gesellschaft Nordhausen . The costs were covered by a bond of 1.5 million M taken over by the Günthershall union and the 0.8 million M which Günthershall had paid in cash to Schwarzburg for the Gerechtsame Seehausen.
Construction of the shaft began on December 5, 1910 in the Seega district . The at the at 171.06 m above sea level. NN scheduled Schacht had the end of 1911 a depth reaches 250 meters. In May 1912 the shaft reached a depth of 440 m and was expanded to 257.7 m with cast iron tubbings . The Schwarzburg shaft was lined from 257.7 m to the final depth of 744.60 m . The rock salt store was approached at 567 m depth and the potash store at 687 m depth and the latter with a thickness (geology) of 30.8 m. The carnallite camp was unlocked by two levels. It was found in regular storage with an average K 2 O content of over 10%.
The “Schwarzburg” shaft cannot penetrate neighboring systems . Its diameter is 5.25 m, the shaft safety pier 100 m.
| Depth (noun) | Height above sea level | Expansion type | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | +177.06 | Masonry | Hanging lawn bench |
| 2 | +175.06 | Weather channel (filled in September 1935) | |
| 6th | +171.06 | ||
| 125 | +46.06 | cast iron tubbings | Water inflows |
| 179 | −4.94 | ||
| 186 | −14.94 | ||
| 226 | −54.94 | 400 l / min | |
| 257.7 | −86.64 | ||
| 567 | -395.94 | Masonry (wall thickness 0.30 m in the salt clay within the potash store and in the rock salt 4-stone thick) |
Rock salt storage |
| 687 | −515.94 | Potash store | |
| 656.2 | −546.74 | ||
| 724.6 | −547.54 | Weather sole | |
| 726.65 | −555.59 | I. Fill location - or main floor | |
| 744.6 | −573.54 | Final depth |
Removal and installation, dismantling and relocation processes
In 1913 began Roadway drivages . At the beginning of 1914, the mining operations were shut down because all efforts had to be made to pump water out of the shaft. In October 1922, the mining authority issued the mining permit and the construction of a connection to the neighboring Günthershall mine began.
The alignment of the mine field was carried out by crosscuts and stretches. The stretches were 2.2 m high and 3 m wide (4 m in the filling location area). Söhliger Örterbau was operated with the following parameters as a mining process :
Mining width: 8-11 m; Dismantling length: 70–110 m; Pillar width: between 7 m and 20–26 m; Dismantling height : 10 m; Through cuts: one each 3 m wide and 2.2 m high.
The mining losses amounted to 64%, the added thickness in the hanging wall was 1–10 m (due to the excavation at the bottom and collapse of the camp). Depth of the construction site: 735 m; Size of the construction site: 14,000 m².
In 1924 the mines 1–6 east were moved up to 2 m below the roof, in the southern part with "high offset". Rock salt and pile debris were used as backfill material. The non-offset area of the mine workings is 4,600 m².
The manufacturing processing of the crude salts
The raw salt was processed in the potash factory in the neighboring Günthershall mine. A cable car was built to Göllingen for transport. In addition, it transported the raw salt, returned factory residues and other materials to be moved to the Schwarzburg potash plant. The cable car had a length of 3.5 km. Despite the elsewhere held crude salt the potash plant Schwarzenburg had a Endlaugenkonzession for the main Wipper on day 3,000 quintals carnallite. This was ultimately used by the Günthershall plant, which also handled all sales.
The closure of the potash works
Occasion / legal basis
At the beginning of the 20th century, drilling activities in Germany to search for potash salt and hard coal experienced a real boom . In order to prevent the proliferation of new potash works (as well as coal mines) and thus overproduction, the Prussian state parliament decided at the request of MP Karl von Gamp-Massaunen u. a. the "Law, regarding the amendment of the General Mining Act of June 24, 1865/1892, of July 5, 1905 (GBS 265)", referred to as Lex Gamp .
It initially led to a temporary ban on speculation of potash salts and hard coal for two years . This meant that only the state could acquire mining property. The latter was able to transfer it to third parties in the form of a time-limited real extraction right.
The Lex Gamp was the starting point of state intervention to avoid the formation of monopoly up to the regulation of prices and the overproduction caused by the excessive increase in potash mines. The latter was also served by the so-called decommissioning ordinance of October 22, 1921.
In § 83a of this regulation it is stated:
“A change in the conditions that are decisive for the assessment will not affect the continued existence and the amount of participation in those plants until December 31, 1953, which will be voluntarily shut down up to this point in time. An irrevocable declaration to this effect must be submitted to the potash inspection office by April 1, 1923 (extended to December 31, 1926). Taking into account the economic circumstances, in particular the salt reserves, this determines the point in time by which the shutdown must be carried out; an extension of this period beyond April 1, 1924 is not permitted. A shutdown within the meaning of this paragraph requires that any extraction of usable minerals from the shutdown shaft ceases. Exceptions can only be granted by the Reich Minister of Economics after hearing the Reichskalirat and the potash inspection office. "
The declaration on the voluntary shutdown of the Schwarzburg potash plant by 1953 on the basis of Section 83a of the Shutdown Ordinance is dated January 27, 1925. Thereupon the Schwarzburg potash inspection office granted the Schwarzburg union a participation rate of 87.5%.
On December 12, 1928, the trade union meeting resolved to liquidate the union and to sell its entire assets to Burbach-Kaliwerke A.-G. In exchange, Burbach-Kaliwerke A.-G. the trades per Kux nom. 500 RM Krügershall shares with a subscription right to new shares 3: 1. The exchange offer came into effect on January 15, 1929.
As of October 1932, the participation figure was 3.9297 thousandths. It was sold to the Baden and Markgräfler trade unions until 1953. This "participation trade" speaks very much for the intention of the mine founders to build the Schwarzburg potash plant merely as a so-called " quota shaft ".
Damage to the day shaft
Pressure effects in the shaft caused vertical cracks in the tubbing column at a depth of 129.6–140.1 m as early as 1912, which widened from March 16 to May 9, 1912 and narrowed again in June. In July 1912, the defective segments were replaced. In 1920, damaged pillars of the filling point were removed and the filling point was laid in masonry with iron reinforcement. In 1925 the masonry of the shaft, which had been broken by rock pressure, was renewed (depth information is missing). When the headframe was demolished, it sagged 5–6 m into the shaft tube. Manhole flaps and protective platform were completely smashed and fell into the shaft. The shaft lining as a whole was in good condition at the time of decommissioning.
Plumbing and investigation work after the decommissioning
BONK (1970) documented in his "mining damage analysis for the decommissioned Schwarzburg potash plant" the water levels measured in the shaft tube since the end of operations (see Fig. 1, below). In his geomechanical assessment, he comes to the conclusion that the staggered excavations 1–6 east have a favorable ratio of excavation width to pier width from today's point of view (safety factor> 4). It was not surprising to him that the archive records note: "The mining operations are suffering from considerable pressure" ... "There is constant peeling of the shell in the roof, bulging of the bottom, peeling on the pier core", or "The streaking stretch and the mining operations have been for months normal traffic is no longer accessible. Lines from before the war in 1914 were already broken in 1921. "
PINZKE (1981) was the first to attempt to use the chemical information content of water or solution samples taken from drowned or flooded manholes of decommissioned potash and rock salt mines to assess subrosive processes that have already expired and are still to be expected in the future . This is also the case with this mining facility. After submitting the laboratory results, he came to the conclusion that the salt solutions added to the degradation 0 came from the main anhydrite. The conversion of the old CaO values listed in the section on hydrogeology for the liquors at this inflow point (values from February 11th - March 18th 1925) to equivalent amounts of CaCl 2 resulted in amounts between 168 and 208 g / l.
Fig. 1: Water levels
Fig. 2: Soundings on September 12, 1978
Fig. 3: Cation triangle
The dilution of these solutions by inflows of daily water was therefore considered safe (compare Fig. 1: Level rise in the years 1928–1930). When considering the position of the representing point of the solution from depth 723.16 m on the intersection of lines I to III and the diagram page Mg ++ - 2 K + (compare Fig. 3: representation in the cation triangle), it is likely that the 724.6 m level was already filled with saturated solutions before larger freshwater inflows (presumably via the weather channel). This is also supported by the B · 10³ / Cl coefficient of 13.13 (see Fig. 2: table of sounding results). Experience has shown that the carnallitic destruction does not pose a threat to the stability of the surface above the mine field.
Caretaking work carried out
In December 1926, the mining authority's request for the shaft to be covered was met. Seven NP 20 girders were concreted in over the 1.1 m thick shaft girders. The manhole cover is designed as a spherical cap that is 0.75 m thick at the top of the shaft wall and 1.70 m thick in the middle.
Current condition (2012)
With the accession of the GDR to the area of application of the Basic Law , this disused shaft was also regarded as a "disused facility of a mining operation for which a legal successor does not exist or can no longer be determined" . Instead of the councils of the districts, the respective state governments acted until the relevant regulatory authority regulations were issued ( "Thuringian law on ensuring public safety and order in objects of old mining and in underground cavities (Thuringian old mining and underground cavities law - ThürABbUHG" from 23. May 2001 (published in ThürGVBl No. 4 of May 31, 2001, p. 41) as amended by the "Amendment by the Thuringian Law on the Adaptation of Authorities in the Mining Administration" of December 3, 2002 (GVBl p. 430, 431) )) a. Thus, up to now this decommissioned mine has been the responsibility of the Thuringian State Mining Office with regard to the duty of care for the purpose of averting danger (see also “Guide to safekeeping day shafts”). To ensure public safety , the direct access is secured against unauthorized entry by means of a chain link fence (see adjacent photo).
“Today you can still see a green dump from the former potash plant, residential buildings in which the Obersteiger and other senior executives lived and the kaue in which the Karl Steinhof stamping shop started production. The closed manhole cover with the plumbing pipe is currently overgrown with bushes. The mining authority in Gera would have to take effect here in order to be able to carry out appropriate controls. The street name "Schacht" still points the way to the location of the former potash works ".
swell
- P. Bonk: Analysis of mining damage for the decommissioned Schwarzburg potash plant . Sondershausen March 23, 1970 (Thuringian Mining Office Archive (TLBA)).
- J. Mossner (Hrsg.): Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies . Finanz-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Günter Pinzke: Expert opinion on the assessment of the mining and public safety of selected potash pits without legal successors on the territory of the Halle district . Ed .: Council of the Halle District, Geology Department. Halle 1979 (Archive of the State Office for Geology and Mining Saxony-Anhalt (LAGB S.-A.)).
- Günter Pinzke, H.-H. Emons, H. Voigt: Chemical aspects of the mining damage assessment of disused potash and rock salt mines (= Berg- und Hüttenmänniche monthly bulletins . 140th year, no. 2 ). Springer, 1995, ISSN 0005-8912 ( altbergbau.info [PDF; 3.9 MB ; accessed on December 2, 2017]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- ↑ Major disturbances in the Kyffhäuser Mountains. cms.fu-berlin.de, 2007, accessed on December 2, 2017 .
- ^ Definition of salt clay in the lexicon of all technology
- ↑ The political situation in Rudolstadt after the First World War
- ↑ A cut is a cross- cutting connection between two locations
- ↑ On the development of mining law in the western part of the Prussian state
- ^ Adolf Arndt :: General mining law for the Prussian states 5th edition, Leipzig 1907, p. 284
- ^ Definition of the right of extraction in kind: Harm Peter Westermann: Property Law. Hüthig Jehle Rehm, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8114-7810-7 , p. 76 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
- ↑ (Ordinance on the amendment of the regulations for the implementation of the Act on the Regulation of the Potash Industry of July 18, 1919, (Reichs-Gesetzbl. P. 663))
- ^ Gerhard Leibholz: Yearbook of the Public Law of the Present. New episode. Mohr Siebeck, 1965, ISBN 978-3-16-615942-3 , p. 207 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
- ↑ Order on the safekeeping of underground mining facilities (safekeeping order) (PDF; 48 kB)
- ↑ Thuringian Old Mining and Underground Cavities Act - ThürABbUHG ( Memento of the original of April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 17 kB)
- ↑ Guide for the safekeeping of day shafts in Thuringia ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 616 kB)
- ^ "Schwarzburg" union, Seega
literature
- E. Loock: Disused shafts - a problem of the potash industry (= Freiberg research books . A 136). Academy, Berlin 1960.
- J. Löffler: Saxony-Anhalt . In: The potash and rock salt deposits of the Zechstein in the GDR (= Freiberg research books ). Part III, C 97 / III. Academy, Berlin 1962.
- Günter Pinzke: A contribution to the assessment of mining damage of disused potash and rock salt mines . Dissertation. Ed .: Bergakademie Freiberg. Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 1980.
- P. Siebler: Investigations into the dissolution of natural salts as a contribution to recording the destruction of pillars when potash and rock salt pits were drowned . Dissertation. Ed .: Bergakademie Freiberg. Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 1969.
