Kalvarienberg Schwabegg

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Kalvarienberg Schwabegg
Creation time : High medieval
Castle type : Hill castle, moth
Conservation status: Burgstall
Place: Schwabmünchen - Schwabegg
Geographical location 48 ° 11 '2.8 "  N , 10 ° 41' 11.4"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '2.8 "  N , 10 ° 41' 11.4"  E
Kalvarienberg Schwabegg (Bavaria)
Kalvarienberg Schwabegg

The Calvary Schwabegg is an Outbound high medieval motte (moth) on the neo-Gothic parish church of Schwab Munich local part Schwabegg in the district of Augsburg ( Schwaben ). In addition to the high earth cone of the main castle , traces of the terrain and small remains of the wall of the outer castle have been preserved.

history

About one kilometer south of the Kalvarienberg lies the large early medieval Hungarian fortress Haldenburg on the Wertachleite. After the battle on the Lechfeld , the large ramparts served as the seat of the grand bailiffs of the Augsburg diocese for some time . At the end of the 10th century, the bailiffs moved their seat to the vineyard , a protruding tongue of land above today's cemetery and the neo-Gothic parish church. The family of the Lords of Schwabegg provided the episcopal bailiffs from around 980 until it died out in 1167. The last bearer of the name, Adelgoz, fell victim to an epidemic on Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa's fourth journey to Italy .

Then the rule came to the Staufer and was pledged to Duke Ludwig II of Bavaria in 1268. The castle is said to have been besieged and destroyed in the "Bavarian War" of the Bavarian duchies of Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1208, 1372 and finally in 1421 . Kaspar and Oswald Waler are known as the last owners.

In the 19th century, the large tower hill was transformed into a calvary and crowned with a crucifixion group.

description

The unusually high and steep tower hill was at least partially artificially placed on the protrusion of the vineyard . The earth cone is about 15 meters high, the summit plateau is about 60 meters above the Wertach plane . The east side seems to have partially slipped or dug up. Today's kidney-shaped plateau (approx. 20 × 10 m) bears the crucifixion group of the Calvary.

The small outer bailey to the south-west on a step is built with two modern residential buildings, but some smaller remains of brick walls of the strong curtain wall have survived above ground . The area east of the tower hill was certainly formerly included in the Bering. In the west, north and south the steep slopes protected the fortress . The total length of the castle is about 180 meters. In the area of ​​the tower hill the spur is about 70 meters wide.

The Burgplatz once provided a comprehensive overview of the Alpine foothills from Augsburg to the high mountains. Today, however, the area is densely overgrown and partly wooded, the view is severely restricted by the tall trees.

The elevated position of the castle stable above the village documents the prominent position of the Schwabegg bailiffs, in whose service there were numerous sub-vassals . These servants , who originally emerged from the unfree population, usually sat in small castles or fortified farms within the villages or in the valley.

The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the ground monument as a settlement from the Bronze, Hallstatt and Latène Ages and medieval castle stables under monument number D 7-7830-0016.

literature

  • Frank Otten, Wilhelm Neu: Schwabmünchen district. (Bavarian art monuments, XXVI, short inventory). - Munich, 1967
  • Otto Schneider: The former castles of Bobingen and the Wertachleite between Wellenburg and Siebnach . In: Walter Pötzl, Wolfgang Wüst (ed.): Bobingen and his story. Bobingen, 1994, pp. 50-64. ISBN 3-930749-00-9
  • Otto Schneider: Medieval castle stables on the "Kalvarienberg" or "Weinberg", formerly also "Spitzberg" in Schwabegg . In: Archaeological walks around Augsburg. (Guide to archaeological monuments in Swabia, 1), pp. 52–54. Stuttgart 1977. ISBN 3-8062-0185-4

Topographical survey

please refer:

  • Otto Schneider: Archaeological walks around Augsburg, p. 52
  • Otto Schneider: The former castles of Bobingen and the Wertachleite between Wellenburg and Siebnach, p. 56

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )