Borkow Chapel

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Borkow chapel with bell cage

The former Gutskapelle Borkow is in Borkow , a town in sternberger seenlandschaft in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern district Ludwigslust-Parchim . Its construction is dated to the 16th century.

History of the owners

The place Borkow was first mentioned as Borchowe on June 24th 1283 in connection with the donation of Princess Anastasia, the wife of Heinrich the Pilgrim . At that time, the Sonnenkamp Monastery in Neukloster received the pond, today's Borkower See with fishing rights up to the state border of the Mecklenburg rulership , which ran in the middle of the Mildenitz river . At that time Borkow was a border town and belonged to the Werle lordship . When the Sonnenkamp monastery had long since ceased to exist, Duke Ulrich transferred its property to the Dobbertin monastery on October 5, 1583 with the patronage of the church in Dabel .

The name Borkow is Slavic and means something like place of Borik (fight) or spruce forest . In the second half of the 14th century the place appears occasionally in connection with the seat of the von Cramon family , who had settled in Borkow and in nearby Woserin and Mustin in 1365 . From 1329 they had the patronage of the church in Woserin. They kept Borkow for over three hundred years.

From 1617 they were followed by von Bülow . Matthias von Bülow lived on Borkow from 1658 to 1706. His son Matthias von Bülow built the manor house on the Gägelow estate from scratch; from 1740 he was colonel of a dragoon regiment. The estate remained with the Dobbertiner monastery captain Jobst Heinrich von Bülow auf Woserin until 1761 . After that there were more frequent changes of ownership. After the stable master Karl Ludwig von Seitz, the Hofjunker von Levetzow followed in 1784 . Mathias Lange from Hamburg was followed by GFF Segnitz, Johann Christoph Hartwig Gröbitz and Johann Gottfried Lübbe. In 1822, Oberlandforstmeister Christian Eggers, from 1852 Christian Reichhoff and from 1931 Helmut von Tiedemann owned Borkow and the patron saint of the manor chapel. From 1936 to 1945 Jordan Freiherr von Campe owned the estate at Borkow.

Building history

The chapel is located at the end of the eastern estate of Borkow. This small manor chapel is one of the first Protestant churches in the country. Christoph von Cramon 1524–1592 is of particular interest for the construction of the church and its furnishings. As can be seen from his funeral sermon, he had financially supported the construction work during his time as heir to Borkow and as patron of the small chapel.

Baroque repairs and redesigns, such as the buttresses and the roof turret, date back to around 1785. To restore the chapel, which was threatened with collapse, a three-time collection was ordered on August 18, 1785.

After the school rooms for the Christian doctrine in the village had been closed, the Dobbertiner Pastor Peters bought a used furniture van in Perleberg in 1958 and had it placed in front of the chapel. Confirmation classes took place there in the following years, and in 1980 the moving van was also used for church services. The chapel itself was in poor condition as early as 1952, the roof half destroyed, the windows as well and the area around the cemetery with its beautiful trees is devastated and in disorder.

Also in 1982 the structural condition of the chapel caused great concern. In 1988 the wooden roof turret with its eight-sided clapboard helmet broke and had to be dismantled. But it was not until 1991 that an AB measure could begin to secure the chapel. Damage to the roof and the masonry was removed and on June 4, 1992, a gold-plated ball and a new weather valve were installed on the eastern roof ridge . After the extensive construction work was completed, the chapel was re-inaugurated on October 2, 1993. The complete renovation of the sacred building lasted until 2010.

Exterior

The Borkower Gutskapelle is a small, towerless and non-vaulted brick building with a rectangular floor plan and a semicircular choir closure. Due to the low wall thickness, it was also secured with slim, stepped buttresses. The unusually short bricks used, measuring 26 × 8 × 13 cm, were made in the Wendish wall bond, an alternation of stretcher and truss. This execution took place in the late Middle Ages, probably in the second half of the 15th century. There are arched windows on the north and south sides, but strangely enough there was no window in the choir. The only building decoration today are three friezes on the west gable. After the roof structure and the gable triangle were renewed in the 18th century, it received six round openings.

Interior

In addition to the smoothly plastered walls, the three-sided end of the village and the flat wooden ceiling, the interior of the small manor chapel has few, but interesting features. But hardly anything is known about the internal redesign in the respective contemporary tastes. Today's color scheme unifies different levels of equipment; the stepped ceiling with the late Classicist canopy, which was created in the course of the altar foundation in 1846, is important for the architecture of the interior. The visitation protocol from 1653 reads: The little church is covered with Spon, inside it has a wooden floor which is ground.

A piece that is probably unique in Mecklenburg is the 1.05 meter wide and 1.15 meter high oak medieval chair in the Borkow chapel. It is a very solid box chair with a folding seat in the style of choir stalls, but single-seated. It was probably made in the 15th century. The outer side bolsters of the chair are decorated with stylized lilies in low relief. A second chair was produced as a modern copy, probably to be used as a wedding or patronage chair.

Altar painting

The oil painting on canvas is set in a simple, light gray marbled classical altarpiece. It is framed by two pillars with a profiled entablature with the inscription LUCAS, Cap, reaching under the wooden ceiling . 8 v. 48 bear. The biblical passage refers to the representation on the painting and shows the woman with blood. The evangelists Matthew, Mark and Luke unanimously report how Christ heals the sick by the laying on of hands. This depiction is a little-known pictorial theme in the Mecklenburg churches.

The painting, in a delicately wrought gold frame about seven feet wide and nine feet high, was a present in 1846 from the very humble wife of Oberlandforstmeister Julie Eggers. But in order to be able to set up the painting appropriately above the altar, the previously used altar ornament had to be roughly made of wood, but the most unsuitable and outdated portrait of Mother Mary must first be removed , said Wilhelm Hartmann as preacher to Woserin on February 17, 1846 and Borkow with. Accordingly, in 1846 there was still a picture of Mary from the Catholic period on the altar. It is believed that this was a rosary retable, the scanty remains of which were found on the church floor a few years ago.

Pulpit and baptism

The style of the pulpit and baptism date from the second half of the 16th or the first half of the 17th century. The unusual light blue color goes back to the 1993 restoration and takes on the color of the stained glass of the crucifixion scene in the window. Originally the cassette fields of the pulpit and the gable fields on the sound cover carried Christian images.

Stained glass

Stained glass of the crucifixion and the donor family kneeling below have been preserved in fragments in a window on the south side . They could be members of the von Cramon families, who have lived on Borkow for centuries. Significantly smaller women and girls as well as a knight in armor can be seen under the larger crucifix .

Painted cabinet panes with coats of arms are installed in other windows . An alliance coat of arms is from Hans von Linstow to Bellin and Anne von Fineken . From 1577 to 1579 Hans von Linstow was provisional in the Dobbertin monastery . A second alliance coat of arms is from Achim von Cramon auf Borkow and Angnus Brusehauer (Brüsehaber). In addition to the Freibarch coat of arms, the younger alliance coats of arms belong to the Eggers and Boldt families.

organ

As early as 1873, landowner Reichhoff, as church patron, suggested the purchase of a harmonium . The acquisition was to be delayed by more than ten years, as the Oberkirchenrat in Schwerin refused to buy an American -made Cottage organ through the instrument trade A. Trutschel from Schwerin. In 1887 Pastor Barnewitz reports: The blacksmith Ulrich from Gaegelow built a cottage organ with four sounding stops (10 stops) on his own initiative and offered it to the Barkow community for 350-400 marks, the organ was made by the Schwerin Court organ builder Friese tested in Schwerin and found to be good. Later, a harmonium from Bongardt & Harfurt from Wiehe in Unstruttal stood in the chapel , which is now in the community room .

On September 14, 1997, the Mecklenburg organ (I / P / 5) built by the organ builder Wolfgang Nußbücker from Plau am See was inaugurated. The order had already been placed in 1987. In the offer of the Mecklenburg organ builder you can read: The electric wind generator for installation in the organ must be procured by the municipality from the FRG, since such a low-noise wind generator is not made in the GDR. After the bell organ in the church in Dabel and the hunting organ in Woserin had been completed in 1995, the Borkow organ should also be equipped with special registers. For example, for special church services and concerts, a musical effect melody from the song Pastor sien Kauh can be heard there . To do this, the ox heads move and the water wheel turns. On the company sign, in Low German dialect, a stanza of the song rhymes: De Borkow vull Gottvertrug'n sei laten sik'n Örgel bug'n von Nußbückern ut Plau.

Bells

In the bell tower on the west gable of the chapel before 1765 constructed roof skylights hung the little donated by the patron Carl Ludewig hand bell . It was cast in 1765 by Nicolaus Peter Löfberg from Güstrow. Since the roof turret had to be removed in 1988 because it was dilapidated, the bell could only be hung on the west gable again in November 2010 and consecrated on the first of Advent.

In April 2001, the Crivitz carpentry company Mohn erected a free-standing belfry in front of the west gable. The bell, which weighs 50 kilograms and was cast in the Rincker in Sinn bell and art foundry in 1963 , originally hung in the chapel of the Lübeck city hospital and came to Bokow as a gift in 1990.

Funeral chapel

To the east of the chapel, a burial chapel was built in the Borkow churchyard from 1870 to 1871 for the Reichhoff family. The rectangular brick building shows neo-Romanesque decorative forms. Christian Reichhoff's son Paul was buried in the churchyard in Woserin in 1870. His sister Olga, who died in 1855, was also buried in Bülow's hereditary funeral in the Woserin church. After the Second World War, the zinc coffins were dug in next to the chapel and the chapel was used as a morgue. After increasing dilapidation, it was expanded into a community room from 1975 and is still used today.

Parish

Borkow belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Dabel , which also includes Gägelow with church , Hohenfelde, Holzendorf, Neu Pastin, Neu Woserin, Pastin, Rothen , Schlowe , Woserin with church and Zülow . The provost office is located in Wismar in the Mecklenburg parish in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. IV. Volume, Schwerin 1901, reprint Schwerin 1993 ISBN 3-910179-08-8 , pp. 174-176.
  • Council of the municipality of Borkow: Festschrift 1283–1983 Borkow. Borkow 1983.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 78.
  • ZEBI eV., START eV .: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish. Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , p. 53.
  • Fred Beckendorff, Reinhard Schaugstat: The village, town and monastery churches in the nature park and its surroundings. (From culture and science, volume 3) Karow 2003 pp. 26–27.
  • Borkow community: 725 years of Borkow 1283–2008. Parchim 2008.
  • Tilo Schöfbeck: The Land of Sternberg in the Middle Ages (7th - 13th century). Genesis of a cultural landscape in the Warnower area. In: Slavs and Germans in the High Middle Ages east of the Elbe. Volume 8, Studies in the Archeology of Europe. Bonn 2008 ISBN 978-3-7749-3485-6 , p. 205.
  • Tilo Schöfbeck, Detlef Witt: Building and art history of the chapel to Borkow. Dabeler Hefte No. 7, Dabel 2011.
  • Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Trave and Peene. Berlin 2014 ISBN 978-3-86732-131-0 , pp. 162, 334.

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Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 regional monastery, monastery office Dobbertin. Jurisdiction No. 4176 Lawsuit monastery office Dobbertin against owner Siegnitz auf Borkow 1795–1798.
    • LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior. No. 5155/1 rural community Borkow-Rothen 1922–1943.
    • LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Dept. Settlement Office. District of Güstrow, No. 39 Ritterschaftliches Landgut Borkow 1923–1936.
    • LHAS 9.1-1 Reich Chamber Court case files 1495–1806.
    • LHAS 9.2-3 / 2 Tax Office Güstrow . No. 32 Landowner Max Reichhoff 1817, 1935 Helmuth von Tiedemann.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 1. Borkow. No. 1. Parish around the village of Schlowe from Ruest to Borkow 1800–1895. No. 2. Assignment of patronage to Borkow and compatronage to Woserin. 1828-1846. No. 3. Organist and sexton 1946–1975. No. 4. Issue budget of the church in Borkow 1838–1947. No. 5. Chapel 1809–1995. No. 6. Altar painting 1846. No. 7. Kirchhof 1858–1984.
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 4. Borkow. No. 3. Appointment of church lawyers to Woserin and Borkow 1818–1902, No. 15. Firing charge of the preachers from the estates of Woserin and Borkow 1803–1912. No. 27. Stol fees in the Parochie Woserin and Borkow 1875–1907.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LAKD)
    • State Monument Preservation Department, Archive, Borkow Chapel, No. 0529.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: The Story of Borkow. The chapel. 2011 p. 5.
  2. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 1686.
  3. ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: The country Sternberg in the Middle Ages (7th - 13th c.). 2008, p. 205.
  4. ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: The Story of Borkow. The chapel. 2011 p. 4.
  5. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 1686, MUB V. (1869) No. 3079, MUB VI. (1870) No. 9104.
  6. ^ Paul Kühne: The Slavic place names in Mecklenburg. In: MJB XLVI. (1881) p. 28.
  7. ↑ MUB VI. (1870) No. 4061.
  8. ^ Monthly for Mecklenburg 1789, Col. 1029.
  9. ^ Report of the Oberkirchenrat of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Mecklenburg to the Institute for Monument Preservation Schwerin from June 28, 1951.
  10. ^ Borkow Church. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper of June 26, 1992.
  11. ↑ Hansherbert Lange: Borkower Church consecrated again. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper of October 17, 1993.
  12. ↑ Detlev Witt: The story of Borkow. The altarpiece erected in 1846. 2011 pp. 7–8.
  13. ↑ Detlev Witt: The story of Borkow. Renaissance pulpit and baptism. 2011 p. 11.
  14. ↑ Horst Alsleben : List of the personalities of the Dobbertin monastery . 2010-2013.
  15. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The estate and branch church village Borkow. 1901 pp. 175-176.
  16. ↑ Detlev Witte: The story of Borkow. Cotta organ from 1887. 2011 p. 11.
  17. ↑ Hansherbert Lange: The story of Borkow. The Mecklenburg organ from 1997-2011 pp. 10-11.
  18. ↑ A bell rings again in Borkow. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper April 22, 2001.
  19. ↑ Detlev Witt: The story of Borkow. The new belfry. 2011 p. 14.

Coordinates: 53 ° 39 ′ 57.9 "  N , 11 ° 57 ′ 10.4"  E