Carl Alexander Heideloff

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Contemporary portrait (around 1840)

Carl Alexander Heideloff (born February 2, 1789 in Stuttgart , † September 28, 1865 in Haßfurt ; spelling variant: Karl Alexander von Heideloff ) was a German architect and preservationist . a. the Lichtenstein Castle .

Life

Heideloff was born in 1789 into a Stuttgart artist family. He was trained in theater and decorative painting by his father Victor Heideloff and worked under the Stuttgart court painter Johann Baptist Seele and in the field of festival architecture also under the court architect Nikolaus von Thouret . From 1816, Heideloff, together with his uncle Alois Keim (1768–1835) and his brother Manfred Heideloff (1793–1850), furnished the representation rooms of the Ehrenburg in Coburg in the Empire style . In 1821 the Swabian artists settled in Nuremberg . In 1830 Heideloff married the Nuremberg merchant's daughter Doris Bartels (1795-1851). In 1831 the daughter Aline was born, in 1834 the son Friedrich. Later, his brother-in-law David became Bartel's guardian of both children.

Heideloff monument in the old cemetery in Haßfurt

In Nuremberg, Heideloff worked as an architect, restorer and garden designer. He was also involved in the establishment of the Polytechnic School, which went back to a privately run advanced training institute for the craftsmen he employed and at which he taught until 1854.

He was also active as a writer on the arts and crafts and architecture of the Middle Ages.

The artist got involved with his restorations in Nuremberg, whose romantic appearance he had a lasting impact. For this he received the title of Royal Conservator from King Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1837 ; from 1857 he was allowed to call himself Conservator of Monuments in Franconia . Especially in his later years, Heideloff developed an almost missionary zeal to "return to the real architecture of our fathers". He gave medieval architecture and his own new buildings a Christian-national concept of monument, which he also extended to landscape planning. Severely hard of hearing, the artist retired to Haßfurt am Main in 1854. There he devoted himself to the restoration of the knight's chapel , but its gigantic expansion plans fizzled out. Acknowledged and valued as the "old master" of the Gothic, Heideloff died in Haßfurt in September 1865 and was buried in the cemetery of the knight's chapel.

Heideloff was a very well-known artist and sought-after architect in his day. His clients included Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen , Wilhelm von Urach and Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau . The latter commissioned Heideloff after the death of Karl Friedrich Schinkel to carry out the staffage structures in his Park Muskau . However, this project failed.

Work and art-historical classification

Dürer-Pirckheimer-Brunnen , Nuremberg 1821
Ritterkapelle Haßfurt, 1856 ff .: ideal view

Heideloff was an architect, monument conservator, draftsman and art historian. His extensive work in the "old German style" paved the way for historicism and reflected the romantic reception of the Middle Ages in a multifaceted way.

Heideloff's work in Nuremberg was fundamental to the romantic reception of Nuremberg in the 19th and 20th centuries. With his own design approaches, the artist tried to preserve the type of the former imperial city. The new altarpiece to St. Sebald , the Dürer fountain, the restored portal of the Frauenkirche, the complete renovation and the furnishing of the St. Jacob's Church are testimony to his efforts to revive the Gothic style. Especially the Nuremberg town houses, which were designed according to his plans, show his efforts to bring the living environment and needs of the 19th century into harmony with the medieval architectural style. His aim was "to give people in a time marked by political upheavals a clear picture of history shaped by national feeling and religion and thus to give them support and attitude".

With Lichtenstein Castle near Reutlingen (1839–1842) Heideloff built a landmark of Swabian Romanticism. According to his plans, neo-Gothic sacred buildings were built in Schönaich , Mergelstetten , Sonneberg , Ingolstadt , Leipzig , Oschatz , Schlieffenberg and in Wels in Upper Austria from the 1840s .

Heideloff preferred to design, but not exclusively in the old German style. He built the Alhambra in the Rosenau gardens in Nuremberg for the industrialist Johann D. Wiß , a magnificent building in the Indian style and one of the few examples of exoticism in Germany; For the King of Württemberg in 1840 he designed a Moresque pleasure house for the Rosenstein gardens near Cannstatt . In its place, however, the so-called Wilhelma was built by Karl Ludwig von Zanth . One of his most successful monument designs is in the classical style. His design for the Stuttgart anniversary column was rejected in 1841 as too expensive; Years later, however, it was used in a reduced form by Johann Heinrich Strack and Friedrich August Stüler for the Berlin Victory Column .

Conservation initiatives

Together with the draftsman and etcher Georg Christoph Wilder (1797–1855), Heideloff is one of the pioneers of historical monument preservation in Franconia . With Karl Friedrich Schinkel he shared the reputation of having decisively promoted the idea of ​​monument preservation in Germany. Among his monument conservation initiatives, the investigations into the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral (1830–1834), the measures at the Rottweiler Heilig-Kreuz-Münster (1839–1845) and at the Rothenburg St. Jacob's Church (1857) stand out. The restorations of the Veste Coburg (1837–1844) and the Knight's Chapel in Haßfurt (1858–1860) are also of importance.

Decorative painting and graphic works

In addition to his numerous buildings and conversions, Heideloff created several history paintings in oil, including ten large-format depictions of Bavarian and Brandenburg history for the orangery in Ansbach (perished in 1945). The breaks are in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart.

Aquatint etching: "From the Ebingen sub-office "

He created various depictions of Swabian costumes in pen and ink drawings. These were published in 1824 by the Ebner Stuttgart publishing house as aquatint etchings under the title Folk Costumes of the Kingdom of Württemberg .

He was also active as a template / draftsman of tin figures .

plant

buildings

Fonts

The following should be emphasized among Heideloff's numerous writings:

  • The doctrine of the pillars. Nuremberg, 1827.
  • The little Vignola. Nuremberg, 1832.
  • Nuremberg's historical monuments. Nuremberg, 1838–1843, 2nd edition, 1855.
  • The ornamentation of the Middle Ages. Nuremberg, 1838–1852, 24 issues.
  • The construction hut of the Middle Ages. A brief historical presentation with documents and other enclosures. Nuremberg, 1844. Online in the Google book search
  • The little old German (Gothe) or basic features of the old German architectural style. For hand use by architects and stonemasons, especially for technical schools . Nuremberg 1849–1852, 1st course: online in the Google book search, 2nd course online in the Google book search, 3/1. Curs: Online in Google Book Search, Curs: 3/2: Online in Google Book Search
  • The art of the Middle Ages in Swabia. Monuments of architecture, sculpture and painting. Stuttgart, 1855. Online in the Google book search

The Bauhütte of the Middle Ages and Der kleine Altdeutsche in particular bear witness to Heideloff's efforts to penetrate the regularities of medieval architecture. He saw this given in a regular octagon that would have served the medieval stonemasons as a figure of proportion. He interpreted the geometric figure, known as the octagon , in a mystical way and brought it into connection with the great mystic Albertus Magnus .

estate

The written estate is in the archive for fine arts in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum . The artistic estate - numerous sketches, pauses and a large-format adhesive folder - is in the graphic collection of the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. (The drawings and watercolors of the 19th century in the graphic collection of the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, inventory catalog, edited by ULRIKE GAUS, Stuttgart 1976, pp. 83–85.)

literature

  • Joseph Eduard Wessely :  Heideloff, Karl Alexander von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 299 f.
  • Hans Reuther :  Heideloff, Dionysius Karl Christian Alexander von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 245 ( digitized version ).
  • Urs Boeck: Karl Alexander Heideloff. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg 48 (1958), pp. 314–390 online .
  • Georg Germann: Neo-Gothic. Stuttgart / Basel 1974, ISBN 3-421-02411-1 . (Title of the original English edition: Gothic Revival in Europe and Britain, Sources, Influences and Ideas. London 1972.)
  • Michael Brix : Nuremberg and Lübeck in the 19th century. Munich 1981.
  • Norbert Götz: About neo-Gothic and Nuremberg style. Studies on the problem of artistic reception of the past in Nuremberg in the 19th century. (Nürnberger Forschungen, 23) Nuremberg 1981.
  • Kurt Müller: Karl Alexander Heideloff's relatives in Nuremberg. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg 77 (1990), pp. 155–192 online .
  • Ewald Jeutter: New news on the work of Carl Alexander Heideloff (1789–1865) for Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In: Yearbook of the Coburger Landesstiftung 2000, pp. 167–182.
  • Friedericke Kruse: Reinhardsbrunn Castle near Gotha. (Studies on Thuringian Art History, 3) Rudolstadt 2003.
  • Thomas Schwämmlein: Karl Alexander Heideloff and the Neo-Gothic in the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen. In: Yearbook of the Hennebergisch-Franconian History Association 2003, pp. 107–129.
  • Stefanie Schwarz: The restoration of the Veste Coburg in neo-Gothic style (1938–1864). For the architectural representation of the dukes Ernst I and II of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In: Yearbook of the Coburger Landesstiftung 48 (2005), pp. 1–286.
  • Andrea Knop: Carl Alexander Heideloff and his romantic architecture program. Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-749-8 .
  • Wolfgang Heilig-Achneck: "The colossal Germania remained a dream (...) Architect Heideloff designed the 'National Temple '". In: Nürnberger Nachrichten of March 27, 2009.
  • Karl Borromäus Murr : A “Church National Monument”? The restoration of the Knight's Chapel in Haßfurt am Main by Carl Alexander Heideloff (1856-1865) . In: Alois Schmid / Hermann Rumschöttel (eds.): Wittelsbacher studies. Ceremony for Duke Franz of Bavaria on his 80th birthday. Munich 2013, pp. 835–855.

Web links

Commons : Carl Alexander Heideloff  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Carl Alexander Heideloff  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Announcements from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg . Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg, 1990, p. 183 ff . ( google.de [accessed on March 18, 2018]).
  2. ^ Andrea Knop: Carl Alexander Heideloff and his romantic architecture program. Neustadt / Aisch 2009.
personal data
SURNAME Heideloff, Carl Alexander
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heideloff, Karl Alexander von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and preservationist
DATE OF BIRTH February 2, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1865
Place of death Hassfurt