Katharinenkirche (Timișoara)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Katharinenkirche
Katharinenkirche-Timisoara-city center.JPG
Construction time: 1887-1889
Inauguration: 1889
Builder : Johann Lechner
Style elements : Neo-Baroque , Neoclassicism , Renaissance
Location: 45 ° 45 '15.4 "  N , 21 ° 13' 41.3"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 45 '15.4 "  N , 21 ° 13' 41.3"  E
Address: Strada Bolyai No. 4
Timișoara
Timiș , Romania
Purpose: Roman Catholic Church
Diocese : Diocese of Timisoara

The Katharinenkirche ( Romanian Biserica Sfânta Ecaterina , colloquially inner-city parish church ) is a Roman Catholic church and a listed historical building on Strada Bolyai in the 1st district of Cetate in the city of Timișoara ( German  Timişoara ) in western Romania .

history

Interior view, 2013

The original Katharinenkirche, one of the oldest churches in the city, was built during the reign of the Hungarian King Karl Robert de Anjou (1301–1342), who had temporarily moved his seat of government to what was then Timisoara. In Timisoara died in 1317 his wife Mary of Bytom in the literature as Maria Ecaterina respectively Maria Katharina called, said to have been buried out in the church, other sources date the death on 15 December 1315 and called the Basilica of Székesfehérvár as Burial place.

At that time the church was located near what is now the Eftimie Murgu Lyceum . During the Ottoman rule , the church was converted into a mosque and was under the crescent moon for 164 years.

After Timisoara was recaptured by Eugene of Savoy in 1716, the building was first used as a salt depot and later as a gunpowder magazine. In 1722 it came into the possession of the Reformed Franciscans of the Salvatorian Order ( Fathers Ordinis Minores Reformatorum SP Francisci Provinciae Hungariae SS Salvatoris ), who maintained a monastery nearby, and was able to serve its original purpose as a church again. The Franciscan Church ad Sanctam Catharinam offered asylum seekers a place of refuge here.

In the course of the fortification reconstruction , the church was demolished in 1723 and a triangular obelisk made of sandstone with an iron cross at the top was erected in its place in 1763 to commemorate the personalities buried here. The obelisk, which was badly damaged in 1849, was restored in 1851 and moved to the cemetery on Lippaer Straße ( Cimitirul din Calea Lipovei ) in 1963, where it can still be seen today.

Between 1753 and 1756 the new Katharinenkirche was built on the site of a former mill by Johann Lechner on today's Strada Bolyai . In 1882 the church was badly damaged as a result of an earthquake and had to be removed. At the same place, the construction of the church began in 1887, and on November 25, 1889 it was consecrated by Pastor Josef Brand .

Services today are held in Romanian , German , Slovak and Hungarian .

description

The church is in neo-baroque style with elements of neoclassicism and renaissance . The high altar , which depicts the Holy Martyr Catherine of Alexandria , was created in 1761 by the painter Ferdinand Schiessl from Vienna .

The Baroque style pulpit and the mighty carved cupboard in the sacristy also date from the time of the Franciscans . It is believed that the Black Madonna , a figure of Mary with the baby Jesus carved from black wood and decorated with rich gold brocade, also dates from that time. The image of the Madonna is also kept here in a glass case with a crown and a heart made of ore.

organ

The organ was made by Carl Leopold Wegenstein and the case by the Art Institute Flandörfer , which also made the benches from walnut. It was kept in the style of Louis XIV, painted the same color and richly gilded, and also provided with religious and musical emblems, statuettes and groups. In February 1896, the organ was installed in the nave and received in a contest in the same year at the Budapest Millennium Exhibition 1896 in celebration of the 1,000 anniversary of the Kingdom of Hungary the first prize . The cost of the organ was 10,000 guilders , to which the city of Timisoara contributed 7,000 guilders. Therefore, the coat of arms of the former royal free city is attached to the organ case .

The disposition specified in the cost estimate at that time was:

I Manual
Principal 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Gamba 8th'
Concert flute 8th'
Drone 8th'
Trumpet 8th'
Forest flute 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Octav 4 ′
Mixture IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II manual
Violin principal 8th'
Drone 16 ′
Flauta Major 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Pointed flute
oboe 8th'
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
III Manual
Dolce 8th'
Aeoline 16 ′
Lovely covered 8th'
Vox Humana 8th'
Transverse flute 4 ′
Flageolete 2 ′
pedal
Contra principal 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'
violoncello 8th'
Quint bass 8th'
Sub bass 16 ′
trombone 16 ′
Octavbass 4 ′

The disposition was changed by the organ movement in the 1930s. Today the instrument is almost unplayable. A professional renovation cannot be expected for financial reasons and due to the lack of an organ building workshop in the region.

literature

  • Ioan Munteanu, Rodica Munteanu: Timișoara monograph . Editura Mirton, Timișoara 2002, ISBN 973-585-650-6 , p. 570, in Romanian .
  • Alexandru Cuțara: Timișoara - Temeswar, picture-art monograph . Editura Amarcord, Timișoara 1998, ISBN 973-9244-35-1 , p. 120, in Romanian and German .
  • Martin Eichler, Dan Leopold Ciobotaru, Martin Rill: Temeswar - Timișoara. A pearl of the Banat . Wort + Welt + Bild Verlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-9810825-6-2 , p. 207 .
  • Else von Schuster: Timisoara - Timișoara. A tour of Timisoara. O plimbare prin Timișoara . ADZ , București 1996, ISBN 973-97541-3-9 , p. 216, in Romanian and German .

Web links

Commons : Katharinenkirche (Timișoara)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

annotation

  1. ↑ On its three sides the obelisk bore the following Latin texts:
    • Trophaeum solo aequatae sacrae aedis Chatarinensis, in qua sacrificare Deo florente Eugenio, Carolo sexto dominante Signo Reformatos Fratres coepisse Minores
    A memorial for the Sankt-Katharinen-Kirche, which was razed to the ground, in which, as I indicate, the Franciscan Observants began to sacrifice to God in the heyday of Eugene and under the reign of Charles VI
    • Sed Maria Theresia apostolica Regni coronata Regina, hos in praesidio locat et patrocinio ambit
    But Maria Theresa, the crowned queen of the apostolic kingdom, sets this up as protection and asks for her assistance
    • Defunctis, quorum hic Cineres ac ossa recondo, Aeternam requiem ore et corde precare viator
    Wanderer, pray with mouth and heart for eternal rest for the deceased, whose ashes and bones I rescue here
    During the siege of Timisoara in the course of the revolution of 1848/49 in the Austrian Empire , the obelisk was damaged by the Hungarian revolutionaries in 1849, but a restoration was carried out in 1851. After 1903 the obelisk stood directly in front of the new school for secondary daughters (later: Carmen Sylva Girls' Lyceum , today: Eftimie Murgu Lyzeum ). When the Bulevardul CD Loga was laid out in 1933 , the monument was an obstacle in the construction of the road, after which it was relocated a few meters in the direction of today's pioneer park. At the end of the 1960s, the obelisk had to give way when a luxury villa was built for the General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party , Nicolae Ceaușescu , and was then considered lost for a while (source: daily newspaper "Temesvári új szó", issue 23, January 21, 1990 ). It later became known that the obelisk is in a neglected state in the former inner-city Roman Catholic cemetery .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ gtztm.ro ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 240 kB), Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2004 des Județ Timiș , 85 TM-II-mA-06123, in Romanian @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gtztm.ro
  2. ↑ a b banaterra.eu (PDF file; 59 kB), Diocesan archivist Claudiu Călin: Biserici Romano-Catolice existente azi pe teritoriul orasului Timisoara , February 21, 2007, in Romanian
  3. ↑ genealogy.euweb.cz , Descendents of Duke Miezko I of Oppeln and Ratibor, * 1132/46, † 1211; m.1170/78 Ludmilla N († after 1210), November 25, 2004, in English
  4. ↑ see article Maria von Beuthen
  5. ↑ banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: The Saint Katharinen Church

See also