Keesburg
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Keesburg
City of Würzburg
Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 29 ″ N , 9 ° 57 ′ 13 ″ E
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| Height : | 267 m |
| Postal code : | 97074 |
| Area code : | 0931 |
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Keesburg (also Garden City Keesburg , incorrectly Sieboldhöhe ) is a district of Würzburg (No. 12) in the Frauenland district . The core of the district was built in the 1920s as a Hindenburg settlement.
Geographical location
Keesburg is located on the south-eastern edge of the Frauenland district , which is located in the east of Würzburg. Further north is the core area of the Frauenland district around Wittelsbacherstraße. The northeast is occupied by the so-called Mönchberg, which is also a district of the Frauenland district. The municipality of Gerbrunn in the Würzburg district begins to the east , while the Randersacker district lies in the southeast . Further south, separated by the Main , is Würzburg- Heidingsfeld . The west is occupied by a large part of the Sanderau district .
In terms of nature , the garden city of Keesburg lies in a transition zone. The western areas around the Ebertsklinge can clearly be assigned to the Würzburg valley basin (133.03) in the Middle Main Valley , which is characterized by its high degree of humidity in summer. The higher residential areas are already part of the plateaus in the southern Main Triangle (134.11), which are characterized by the centuries-old agricultural use by humans.
history
The Keesburg
The history of the Keesburg district began with the construction of a summer residence by a Würzburg bricklayer family on the Neuberg in 1811/1812. Joseph Georg Kees built a house with a vaulted cellar and several neighboring stables. The Kees family came from Gaubüttelbrunn and had been a bricklayer for generations. Joseph Kees, the father of Joseph Georg, built the parish church in Gaubüttelbrunn in 1766, and in 1769 he built the church in Bütthard .
After the early death of Joseph Georg Kees, his widow Apolonia Kees took over the property and leased it. An excursion restaurant with gastronomy quickly established itself in the premises, which were quickly expanded. Around 1850, the name "Kessburg" appeared officially, which alluded to the manorial appearance of the property and its exposed location on the Neuberg. The name was subject to several changes in the period that followed. For example, in 1867 the name Käsburg appears.
The death of Apolonia Kees led to an auction of the property. The privateer Bernhard Roth from Frankfurt am Main , who owned the complex from 1857 to 1866, had the summer residence converted into an agricultural estate . The economist Georg Popp (1866–1880) had the building expanded. For the first time, the so-called Sieboldshöhe was planted under Popp and a former quarry , which was converted into a green area ("Poppsruhe") , was handed over to the Würzburg Beautification Association .
In 1896 the city of Würzburg acquired Gut Keesburg for 71,879 marks . The city planned to the fields in the area of goods refuse to centralize water disposal of the growing community. However, the task was transferred to the respective tenant of the facility. At the same time, the inn continued to operate. In 1913 the Keesburg was connected to the city water network. A settlement of its own grew around Gut Keesburg from 1927; the farm itself was hit by an explosive shell in 1945 and finally demolished in 1954/1955.
Settlements after the First World War
In the course of the global economic crisis in the 1920s, the “Hindenburg donation campaign”, named after President Paul von Hindenburg , began to be launched for the needy, lower classes of the population . On September 15, 1927, the city of Würzburg made a large building plot available at today's corner of Sanderrothstrasse and Damaschkestrasse. Already in the months before there were plans to build the so-called Hindenburg settlement here. Construction work began at the end of April 1928.
The first construction phase comprised six row houses and ten semi-detached houses on today's Damaschkestrasse. Criticism of the room layout in the building quickly became loud. The first new settlers reached the Hindenburg settlement as early as December 1928. At the same time, plans by the non-profit corporation for salaried homes (GAGFAH) also began to build some houses on the Keesburghöhe. The GAGFAH settlement consisted of ten apartment buildings, which were intended for smaller, city employees .
Further social housing projects were pushed ahead in the period that followed. At the inauguration of the Hindenburg settlement II in 1931, the streets Schanzstrasse and Bodelschwingstrasse were given their names. From 1936 , an area with apartments in the Keesburg area was also built for the Galgenberg war settlement , which actually built houses along Rottendorfer Straße. Further housing projects that were pushed forward by the Nazi rulers could not be completed due to the outbreak of war.
National Socialism and World War II
Like the other districts of Würzburg, the Keesburg was quickly integrated into the Nazi organizations. In July 1933, a Hitler youth home was built on Schanzstrasse . On April 1, 1934, an NSDAP local group Keesburg was founded. In 1935, plans became known for the first time that the Keesburg area should be expanded with further new barracks . Further planning envisaged the construction of a Gau training castle on the mountain. The plans were never realized when the war broke out.
As early as 1939, shortly after the outbreak of war, several fragmentation trenches were dug. At Gut Keesburg itself, a protective bunker was built in the vaulted cellar. The air raids by American and British planes increasingly concentrated on the old town of Würzburg from 1944 , so that the Keesburg settlement was rarely hit. The manor house was destroyed in the devastating attacks in March 1945, and the house at Keesburgstrasse 50 on the edge of the settlement was destroyed by flames.
Garden city of Keesburg
Immediately after the end of the World War , the housing situation in the largely destroyed Würzburg was catastrophic. Therefore, the Würzburg building authority planned to build a housing estate under the direction of the chief building director Anton Mokroß , which should offer space for about 7000 people. To this end, the aim was to gradually expand the Keesburg's existing streets. Mokroß planned a so-called garden city with lots of green spaces and different assemblies. Plans for the establishment of such a district had already been pursued under National Socialism.
Construction work on the settlement began in 1950. The settlement was expanded in the following decades. On September 22, 1961, around 150 to 180 apartments were available in the eastern garden city. The new settlements were surrounded by green spaces . The last expansion of the garden city was completed in 1976. Today the Keesburg forms its own district in the Würzburg district of Frauenland.
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
St. Alfons
The Catholic Alfonskirche in Matthias-Ehrenfried-Strasse is still one of the structural focal points of the Keesburg. The plans for the construction of a church go back to 1941. On August 2, 1953, the foundation stone was laid for the building which, after several changes in the patronage , is to be consecrated to St. Alfons. Initially, a Redemptorist monastery was located next to the church . The church was consecrated in November 1954.
St. Alfons presents itself as a concrete skeleton structure in the form of interpenetrating rising structures with a monopitch roof . The master builder of the cathedral, Hans Scull , was able to be won as the architect, who shaped the new church building in the diocese of Würzburg during the post-war period. The Campanile is particularly impressive with its 39 m. The choir is characterized by the large, approximately 20 m high glass walls that bring light into the interior of the church. Around 1960 a community center was built in the neighborhood, which has similar design elements.
In 1954, an altarpiece created by the Munich artist Georg Meistermann was installed in the center of the church building. Meistermann depicted the Apocalypse of John on about 200 m² . The picture is characterized above all by its depiction of the light that was placed in contrast to the darkness. The lower parts of the painting are dominated by a sea of glass that shows in the middle the earth on which ears of corn grow.
Buildings of the New Objectivity
In particular, along Keesburgstrasse and Lerchenhain, several houses were built at the end of the 1920s that can be assigned to the New Objectivity . These are mostly three-storey villas with flat roofs and characteristic, cubic shapes. The architect Peter Feile was responsible for all houses with the assistance of Walter Loos . The houses in Lerchenhain were only planned as model houses, but were not requested more often when they were first presented in September 1930.
Further architectural monuments
Today the Keesburg is characterized by several buildings that are inspired by the architectural styles of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, several historicist villas were built, especially in Edelstrasse . In addition, houses in the so-called Heimatstil can be found especially on the edge of the quarter in Erthalstrasse and Gegenbaurstrasse . Two villas in Keesburgstrasse can be assigned to Art Nouveau .
On the other hand, several wayside shrines and small monuments, which are particularly typical of the Main Franconian landscape, refer to the agricultural development of the area that took place in the Middle Ages . Representations of the crucified or Madonna figures mostly come from the 18th century and were erected at rest areas or as memorials and memorials. The existence of these small monuments in the Keesburg is threatened today by the growing individual traffic.
Church of the Resurrection
Similar to the tower of the Alfonskirche is that of the Lutheran Church of the Resurrection in the Hans-Löffler-Straße, which is not listed as a monument . As early as May 1960, the community was able to purchase a building plot, and on December 3, 1962, the inauguration of the church was celebrated. The church was built by the architect Franz Lichtblau . On December 1, 1982, the Church of the Resurrection became the focus of an independent, evangelical parish.
The church presents itself as a hexagonal cube , as the central edges of the gables are drawn outwards. The altar wall in the east of the building was built using limestone rubble. The plastic jewelry that characterizes the interior is embedded here. All figures inside were also broken from limestone, so that a suitable overall impression is created. The scene of the three women at the grave of the risen one was shown.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Keesburg was upgraded to a district in the post-war period . The upgrading was accompanied by a significant expansion of the infrastructure . In the Hans-Löffler-Straße supermarkets and some shops for the basic supply of the population were built, in addition, buildings of the university and the technical college (Sanderheinrichsleitenweg) settled around the residential areas on the Neuberg. The Keesburg is particularly well-known today for the Würzburg public observatory and the weather observatory on Neuberg.
Goethe-Kepler School and public observatory
The Johannes Kepler School was built in the wake of the lack of space after the Second World War. The population in the new district of Keesburg grew rapidly in the 1950s and calls for the establishment of a primary school were loud. The Keplerschule was inaugurated on September 3, 1963. At first it was a purely Catholic denominational school , but in the year of inauguration the school was also opened to children of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, initially with the right to host schools. The school was later renamed the Goethe-Kepler School.
An observatory has been planned on the school premises since the start of construction . It went back to the initiative of the astronomer Otto Volk . In 1964 the observatory was rented to the University of Würzburg. The facility was inaugurated on May 6, 1966. The public observatory was gradually opened to other interested parties from Würzburg and the surrounding area. The association “Volkssternwarte Würzburg e. V. ”, which was founded in 1985. → see also: Volkssternwarte Würzburg
Weather station
On April 11, 1981, the weather station of the German Weather Service was inaugurated in Matthias-Ehrenfried-Strasse. The building houses observation, news and radio rooms. The garden around the building contains the transmission and wind masts for the measurements. In 1998 the scope of the control room was expanded to include the radioactivity measuring service. The Würzburg weather station has been unmanned since 2016, and the data is automatically transmitted to Offenbach at the Central Office of the German Weather Service .
literature
- Jürgen Emmert: Catholic parish church St. Alfons Würzburg . Lindenberg 1998.
- Klaus-Peter Kelber: On the geology of the Würzburg garden city Keesburg . In: Erwin Schmollinger: History and chronicle of the Keesburg and its surroundings . Würzburg 2013. pp. 465–476.
- Horst Mensching, Günter Wagner: The natural spatial units on sheet 152 Würzburg (= geographical land survey 1: 200,000 natural spatial structure of Germany) . Bad Godesberg 1963.
- Erwin Schmollinger: History and chronicle of the Keesburg and its surroundings . Wuerzburg 2013.
Web links
- WürzburgWiki: Garden City Keesburg
Individual evidence
- ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on July 30 of 2019.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 17.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 33.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 43.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 97.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 116.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 135.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 195 f.
- ↑ Würzburg-Wiki: Gartenstadt Keesburg , accessed on September 2, 2019.
- ^ Schmollinger, Erwin: History and Chronicle of the Keesburg . P. 185.