Sticky goosefoot

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Sticky goosefoot
Sticky goosefoot (Dysphania botrys)

Sticky goosefoot ( Dysphania botrys )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Dysphanieae
Genre : Goosefoot ( Dysphania )
Type : Sticky goosefoot
Scientific name
Dysphania botrys
( L. ) Mosyakin & Clemants

The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania botrys ), also Adhesives Drüsengänsefuß or Usually Drüsengänsefuß called, is a plant of the genus dysphania ( Dysphania ) within the family of amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Foliage leaf

Vegetative characteristics

The sticky goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant . The above-ground parts of the plant are densely covered with short-stalked, sticky glandular hairs ( trichomes ), which gives it an intense aromatic scent of pine resin. The upright to ascending stem is more or less branched from the base to a height of 10 to 60 (rarely up to 100) cm.

The alternate, yellow-green leaves are 2 to 10 mm long and stalked and 1.3 to 4 (up to 7) cm long and 1 to 2.7 cm wide. The elongated leaf blade is pinnately fissured with about five entire or slightly toothed lobes, lyre-shaped-arched on the edge, wedge-shaped at the base. The upper leaves are smaller, lanceolate and often with entire margins.

inflorescence

Inflorescence and flower

The terminal, from 12 to 24 cm long translucent ährigen total inflorescences are from axillary, clearly stalked and branched zymösen assembled part inflorescences. In the upper part of the inflorescence the bracts are greatly reduced. Pre-leaves are missing.

The flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence consists of five (rarely four) free, yellow-green, skin-margined tepals with dense glands on the back , which are elliptical to ovoid-elongated with a length of 0.7 to 1.1 mm and a width of 0.5 to 0.7 mm and have no keel or comb-like humps on the rounded back. There are one to three (rarely five) stamens and an upper ovary with two thread-like scars.

The flowering period extends from July to August.

Flower / fruit
Fruits and seeds

Fruit and seeds

The fruit is surrounded by the upright flower envelope. The membranous pericarp is initially papillary and later becomes wrinkled and white-spotted and lies against the seed. The horizontal, spherical or somewhat flattened seed has a diameter of 0.6 to 1 mm. The black seed coat is smooth to wrinkled, without pits, with a rounded or indistinctly furrowed edge.

Chromosome number and photosynthetic pathway

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, and 2n = 16 is also given once.

The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is a C 3 -Pflanze with normal leaf anatomy .

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 18

ecology

The sticky goosefoot is a summer annual therophyte . The glands can be interpreted as adapting to drought and as protection against feeding. They also serve to spread the glue on the fruits and the whole plant, making them a companion to culture.

The flowers are gynomonözisch, i. H. in addition to hermaphrodite, there are also purely female flowers. The pollination is usually done by the wind.

Occurrence on an urban ruderal area

Occurrence

The sticky goosefoot is native to the warm temperate regions of Asia and Europe . Its natural range includes southwestern Europe , southern central Europe , southeastern Europe , possibly North Africa , southwest Asia , central Asia and Nepal to the Chinese Xinjiang . As a naturalized or cultivated species, it also occurs in other regions with subtropical to warm-temperate climates.

Its habitat are dry, sandy or gravelly slopes, clay surfaces, valleys and river terraces, wasteland, or ruderal locations such as roadsides up to an altitude of about 2000 meters. In the system of plant sociology, it is a characteristic of the association Chenopodietum botryos in Central Europe . It is considered a pointer plant for warmth or sea climate. In southern Europe it is a species of the order Chenopodietalia muralis.

In Germany, the sticky goosefoot has been naturalized as a neophyte since the 19th century.Here it grows in short-lived weed corridors , for example in nitrogen-loving river reporting corridors (Chenopodion rubri) or in salt herb corridors in special urban-industrial locations (salsolion).

In Austria, Dysphania botrys occurs only in the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Upper Austria and Styria as well as inconsistently in Carinthia on stone, gravel or sand-rich ruderal sites, gravel pits and slag heaps in the colline altitude . The species became extinct again in Tyrol . Only in the warmest areas and especially in the Pannonian is the species naturalized and scattered to rarely encountered, otherwise only inconsistent.

Systematics

Dysphania botrys belongs to the section Botrys (Aellen & Iljin) Mosyakin & Clemants in the section Botryoides (Camey.) Mosyakin & Clemants within the genus Dysphania .

It was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné under the name ( Basionym ) Chenopodium botrys L. in Species Plantarum . Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants placed this species as Dysphania botrys in 2002 in the genus Dysphania .

This species has often been grouped into different genera. Synonyms for Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants are Ambrina botrys (L.) Moq. , Atriplex botrys (L.) Crantz , Botrydium botrys (L.) Small , Chenopodium botrys L. , Neobotrydium botrys (L.) Moldenke , Roubieva botrys (L.) Fuss , Teloxys botrys (L.) WAWeber and Vulvaria botrys (L .) Bubani .

Common names

The sticky goosefoot is also called sticky goose foot, common goose foot, sticky goosefoot, glandular goosefoot and Berthold's weed. Other German-language common names are or were Turkish mugwort, oak from Jerusalem, herb botris, krottenkraut ( Bern ), lungwort ( Meißen ), motekrokt ( Transylvania ), mothweed ( Silesia ) and ragweed.

use

Food plant

The leaves of the sticky goosefoot are edible as a vegetable , but should only be consumed in small amounts because of the saponins . The leaves can also be used as a tea substitute.

The seeds are also edible. Before cooking, soak them in water overnight and then rinse them well to reduce the saponin content. The seeds can also be ground into flour and used as a flour additive, but harvesting the small seeds is laborious.

Medicinal plant

Sticky goosefoot is an anti- asthmatic and is also used to treat catarrh . It has also been used as a substitute for Mexican goosefoot ( Dysphania ambrosioides ) as a remedy for worm infections ( anthelmintic ). However, the essential oil does not contain the active ingredient ascaridol .

Other uses

Golden and green dyes can be extracted from the whole plant .

The dried plants can be used as a repellent against moths. In scented pillows, the aromatic plants are used to scent the room.

The sticky goosefoot is used as an ornamental plant.

literature

  • Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Dysphania. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Dysphania botrys , p. 272 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , Dysphania botrys , p. 377 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence, Common Name)
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 88 . (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Chenopodium botrys at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 342 .
  3. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis . In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  4. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  5. ↑ a b Chenopodium botrys atBiolFlor - database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  6. ↑ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) Dysphania botrys . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Dysphania botrys . Berlin 2011, accessed November 30, 2011.
  7. ↑ Sticky goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
  8. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 321 .
  9. ↑ a b c d Dysphania botrys in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  10. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 219 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D219%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  11. ↑ Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: New nomenclatural combinations in Dysphania R. Br. (Chenopodiaceae): taxa occurring in North America. In: Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal. Volume 59, No. 4, 2002, pp. 380-385 (here: p. 383; PDF file ).
  12. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, pp. 91-92 ( online ).
  13. ↑ a b c d Chenopodium botrys at Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Sticky Goosefoot  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files