St. Maria Monastery Church (Zinna Monastery)
The monastery church of St. Mary is part of the overall design of the Zinna Abbey , which in 1170 by the Archbishop of Magdeburg Wichmann as a monastery of Cistercian founded. It is located in the district of the same name in the small town of Jüterbog in the Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg .
history
The sacred building was created in the 12th century in connection with the construction of the monastery complex. The exact construction history has not been passed down. Experts suspect that the dispute between Henry the Lion and the Archbishop, the so-called "Pomeranian Devastation", led to an interruption in construction activity. In any case, it is known that the first abbot , Rizzo , was killed. The convent then withdrew to Jüterbog . Work on the building was resumed under Albrecht II of Magdeburg . The side aisles made of high-grade plaster of paris were probably built in the 1st half of the 12th century. The consecration took place on May 15, 1226. Experts suspect that the convent moved into the building at this time . Nevertheless, from the perspective of the Cistercians, the monastery did not seem to develop in the desired way: in 1229 it appeared on the agenda of the order's chapter . The father abbot from Altenberg was then given the task of trying to find a cheaper settlement location as part of a visitation. However, there was no change. Only a field monastery was built on the Barnim near Strausberg and construction continued in the Zinna monastery. Further extensions are handed down from the 13th century; the roof structure was built in 1338. The crossing , the north transverse arm, the sanctuary and the central nave were given a vault in the first half of the 14th century . The cross vault of the main nave was also built during this time . In 1590 the incumbent bishop made the church a branch church of the village of Zinna. In the 18th century the Cistercians rebuilt the inner, northern choir side chapel into a sacristy and the outer chapel into a crypt . Maintenance measures have been handed down from the years 1768 to 1771 and the year 1796. In 1867 the incumbent bishop upgraded the church to a parish church . In 1897 and 1898, Dittmar and L. v. Tiedemann the building, whereby they partly intervened in its substance. The funds for this were provided by Auguste Viktoria , among others . Between 1897 and 1900, Heyl repainted the church. Another renovation took place between 1993 and 2009. Finally, the state of Brandenburg and the federal government had an extensive restoration carried out in 2016/2017, which cost around one million euros . After the work was completed, the church was inaugurated again with a ceremony on June 25, 2017 by Bishop Markus Dröge .
architecture
The 51 meter long structure is a late Romanesque , three-nave , cross-shaped pillar basilica . It was built from evenly hewn and very carefully layered field stones . In north-east Germany there are only few comparable large buildings of this type in the 21st century. In comparison with other buildings, the lower length expansion is noticeable, which is probably due to the use of the foundation walls from the previous building before the “Pomeranian Devastation”. The church has a rectangular floor plan with a polygonal main apse on the east choir , which is supplemented by two rectangular side chapels with an apse. The gables of the building are also stepped with field stones . Traces of the narthex can be seen on the east gable . The remains of a vestibule have been preserved on the western side and traces of the cloister connection on the southern side . These structures were dismantled and used as building material for the new weavers' settlement after Frederick the Great was founded in 1764.
The windows are essentially pointed arched and only rounded in the side chapels. Two mosaic windows from the 15th century show Bernhard von Clairvaux with miter and crook and Benedict von Nursia in Cistercian costume. The main portal of the building has been located on the south transverse arm since 1897. The former entrance to the dormitory can be seen above on the left .
In the interior of the nave seven pointed arches, unprofiled dominate arcades of granite with fighters from plate and throat. The apses are rounded inside. The choir arch as well as the apse dome are pressed in a pointed arch, while the passages of the crossing arms in the side aisles are rounded. In the south transverse arm, an early Gothic domed vault has been preserved, which was probably built around 1250/1260, while a cross vault with partly strong pear ribs was built on the other ceilings . The keystones are partly decorated with animal and plant motifs, including a pelican as well as evangelist symbols and a head of Christ - a reference to verse 2:20 from Paul's letter to the Ephesians . In the floor of the main sanctuary there are tiles from the 13th and 14th centuries. The red-brown clay tiles are provided with Gothic capital letters and give the English greeting .
Furnishing
Altars
The medieval altar blocks in the main apse and in the outer northern side chapel as well as on the second north-western nave pillar date from the time the church was built. The altarpiece in the main apse is made of brick and probably dates from 1703. The predella shows the Lord's Supper , the painting above the crucifixion of Christ . It is framed by two palm pillars with acanthus cheeks . Above it is a broken segmented gable with the divine name YHWH in Hebrew on a blue circle, surrounded by a halo, and two angels .
Sculptures and the Sacrament House
Simon Peter and Paul of Tarsus stand next to the altar . The sacrament house dates from the middle of the 15th century and consists of a keel arch frame, which is decorated with crabs and tracery , on the posts with angels. You stand on a grim-looking face that is reminiscent of a lion and symbolizes the overcoming of evil by good. Remains of the medieval, red painting with gold stars can also be seen.
Pulpit, baptismal font, benches
The baroque pulpit , which originally stood free in the middle of the crossing , was dated to 1664. It is decorated with acanthus leaves and flowers and was moved by the monks in 1817. The sound cover is decorated with the Salvator Mundi . The font with a hexagonal cup was built around 1700. The medieval choir stalls have been dated to 1425. It was added to new stalls around 1897 and 1898. The three medallion cheeks decorated in relief from the 14th century show evangelists and prophets on the inside as well as the English greeting on the outside. Two more late Gothic cheeks could be part of a Levitic chair. They show Benedict with a flagellum and Bernhard with an abbot's staff and a Bible.
organ
The early romantic organ by Wilhelm Baer from 1850/1851 has two manuals on one pedal and 18 stops with a total of 952 pipes. It was restored in 2017. Below the organ gallery there is a painting that is believed to be from 1722. It shows King David playing the harp.
Further equipment
There are also several grave monuments in the church, among others for an official governor of those von Oppen and for the chief magistrate Johann Jacob von Kratz . The latter is made of alabaster and shows the chamber council with the inscription "resting for eternity". It is framed by Athene and Chronos with the hourglass. In the enlarged roof turret above the crossing there are three bells from the years 1485, 1489 and 1491. They bear the inscription: “Protect King Christ, whom this sound has touched” and “Help, Jesus and Mary”.
literature
- Georg Dehio (arr. Gerhard Vinken et al.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
- Evangelical Church Congregation Kloster Zinna: Welcome to the monastery church in Kloster Zinna - Little Church ABC , without date, p. 4.
- Evangelical Parish Office Zinna Monastery: Zinna Monastery , without date, Heimatspiegel-Verlagshaus Meincke GmbH, Norderstedt, p. 16
Web links
- Website of the monastery church Zinna (accessed on May 5, 2015)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Evangelical parish of Zinna monastery: Welcome to the monastery church in Zinna monastery - Little Church ABC , without date, p. 4.
- ↑ The church in Zinna Monastery is consecrated again . In: Berliner Zeitung , June 13, p. 14.
- ↑ Church exploration , website of the Zinna monastery church, accessed on May 6, 2015.
Coordinates: 52 ° 1 ′ 32.8 ″ N , 13 ° 6 ′ 6.8 ″ E