Kleinwelka Colony
The Kleinwelka colony is a settlement of the Moravian Brethren in the Kleinwelka district of Bautzen in Upper Lusatia in Eastern Saxony . It was built in the 1750s in a small Wendish settlement around a manor . Today 32 listed buildings and the “Gottesacker” cemetery belong to the ensemble.
history
.jpg)
In 1457, especially in Bohemia, the Bohemian Brethren emerged as a Protestant church. They lived as Christians in the minority in the middle of the Catholic Kingdom for almost 200 years. From 1722, their descendants settled on the Berthelsdorf estate of the young Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf and called the settlement Herrnhut .
Kleinwelka (Sorbian: Mały Wjelkow) was first mentioned in 1345 as "de Welkowe". The place is a Sorbian foundation and was created as an extended round hamlet . In 1519 the place was mentioned as "Manns-Lehngut cleine Wilke". In 1626 a new manor was built. This estate changed hands several times and came into the possession of the Sorbian Matthäus Lange in 1746. In 1751 there was a Christian revival among the poor Wendish rural population in and around Kleinwelka . The Christians met among others in Teichnitz on the estate of Count Gersdorff . It was through him that connections to Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf came about. Matthäus Lange, who was close to the Moravian Church, also made his property in Kleinwelka available to the Congregation. This started her work in Kleinwelka and used the estate as a base for her missionary and visiting service among the Sorbs in Upper and Lower Lusatia. At first, Lange did not think of founding a colony. The supporters of the revival movement did not always want to go to church in Herrnhut, 35 kilometers away. The estate quickly no longer offered enough space for the large influx of people attending the services. Therefore, seven years later, it became necessary to establish a meeting place.
With the construction of the prayer room in 1757/58 and other buildings, a plan for the new location of the Kleinwelka colony began. A place should be created based on the model of Herrnhut and Niesky . Important features there are the central square, the right-angled street layout and the so-called choir houses. Count von Zinzendorf, who accompanied the project, gave the emerging place its own name and called it "Wendisch-Niska". This name only lasted until 1767. In the following years, a lot of building activity began. After the prayer room was built, important houses such as the Brothers House (1764), the Sister’s House (1770), the first house of the boys 'institution (1778) and the diaspora house (1778) as well as the first house of the girls' institution (1781) were built in addition to some residential buildings. In 1799 the Kleinwelka colony had 433 residents as an independent place. 40 years earlier there were only 98 residents.
Numerous handicraft businesses such as bell foundries, lohmills, tannery and a tobacco manufacture settled in the Kleinwelka colony. Due to the Moravian principle of economic autonomy, the settlement repeatedly came into conflict with the citizens of Bautzen, only five kilometers away. The trade was only allowed to be unrivaled for the Bautzen people. Even Count von Zinzendorf feared such problems with the settlement of the Brethren in the Bautzen region. Only in 1795 did the colony receive privileges from Bautzen for some commercial activities. For example, the coppersmith Friedrich Gruhl quickly established himself with his later famous bell foundry.
In 1864 Kleinwelka received a postal expedition and a little later a post office . With the opening of the Bautzen – Königswartha railway on December 2, 1890, traffic conditions improved for the residents. In 1908 the place received a power line. Thanks to the infrastructure that was created, additional companies settled in Kleinwelka. For example, a Kirschauer factory owner founded a cotton mill at the train station , which was later converted into a rag mill. In 1912 a camp of the Saxon army administration was set up. Its water pipeline supplied Kleinwelka with drinking water until the village's own waterworks were built in 1931. Official street names did not exist in Kleinwelka until 1934.
Life in the part of Kleinwelka, which is called the "Kolonie Kleinwelka" from its origins, was initially largely shaped in the years after 1930 by the two large boarding schools of the Moravian Brethren, the girls 'institution and the boys' institution. In the village there was lively business life in the shops and in the craft businesses, most of which had their customers in the teaching and educational staff. The schools were not only attended by boarding school students, children of missionaries from all over the world, but also by children from the surrounding areas, for example Bautzen. Many parents wanted their children to have a Christian upbringing, especially in the early days of National Socialism , when prayer was no longer allowed in state schools. On July 25, 1942, the two church-owned private schools were closed. For the boys' institution that was the end after 166 years. When the school closed, some of the workers there also left the site.
“In the next few days a lot of packing began like the house had never seen it before. School furniture had already been transported to Königsfeld (in the Black Forest) , books to Herrnhut and teaching aids to Niesky. The use of the two institutions (including the girls' institution) is still uncertain. Since the Ministry announced at the same time as the dissolution notice of December 9, 1941 that it was not interested in using the houses for school purposes, the management of the Zinzendorf schools offered them to the hospital administration. "
It is not precisely documented from when both institutions were used as a hospital. In any case, it was dissolved again in February 1943. At the end of the Second World War, in April 1945, there was heavy fighting in and around Kleinwelka. The residents had to leave the place due to an eviction order and found numerous damaged buildings on their return.
“Our KA [boys' institution] is still standing. But it was terribly plundered and demolished ... and the rear front had suffered badly from fire. [...] Since 1946, the state administration has used these two institutions as transit and quarantine camps for Silesians. "
In 1948 the buildings were empty again and so the management of the Evangelical Brothers Union in Herrnhut planned to set up a retirement home here. In June 1948, the new director Dora Schmitt began gradually setting up a nursing home under the most difficult post-war conditions. Today the completely renovated “Dora-Schmitt-Haus” is owned by the Moravian Diakonie.
The large complex of the former girls' school home was used for many years as a Sorbian teacher training institute and boarding school for the Sorbian high school during the GDR era. Later in the sponsorship of the Bautzen district it served as a branch of a nursing home.
During the GDR era, the old buildings began to deteriorate, be it the small houses of the first inhabitants of the colony or the stately baroque buildings of the Brethren. A gradual renovation of the site began in 1990 and will not be completed in 2020. In order to prevent further deterioration and to support a new use of the unique building complex of the sister houses, the Remise eV association has existed for several years, and in November 2019 the association "Schwesternhäuser Kleinwelka eV" was founded.
The Kleinwelka Brethren, which became smaller in number after 1942, concentrated its financial resources on the renovation of the church hall and the rectory. Construction work and improvements in the GDR era were mainly carried out through personal contributions and after work, supported by donations. In 2008 the congregation celebrated the 250th anniversary of the church hall with numerous guests. It is worth seeing in its typical beautiful white simplicity according to the Moravian style. The Kleinwelkaer congregation of the Evangelical Brothers Unity today has around 120 members. The first bell cast in Kleinwelka by the local bell caster Friedrich Gruhl has been ringing from the roof turret of the church hall since 1813.
Since 1999, Kleinwelka has been part of the city of Bautzen, 5 kilometers away.
building
Prayer room and common garden
In the founding of the Moravian Brethren, the prayer room with an adjoining square always formed the center of the village. The prayer room in Kleinwelka is one of the oldest buildings in the colony. A special feature here is the location of the prayer room, which is not on the edge of the square, but on the square.
Erected during the Seven Years' War , the prayer room was inaugurated on July 2, 1758 after only one year of construction. It is a simple plastered building in the Moravian Baroque style with arched windows and a high hip roof with bat dormers . In the beginning there was still no money for the roof turret. A smaller one was placed on the roof in 1764, the current one in 1835, as can be read in the weather vane . The first bell was cast in 1758 by the Dresden bell caster August Sigismund Weinhold and initially rang through a roof window. Today a bell, cast in 1812 by bell founder Gruhl, rings in the roof turret. Today's clock in the roof turret replaced a smaller predecessor from 1764 in 1844.
Inside there is a simple, rectangular hall with a flat wooden ceiling and wooden galleries. The clear glass windows provide a view of the surroundings. In the non-sacred space the congregation celebrates its word, song and sacrament meetings. The benches can be set up flexibly, so the room can also be used for celebrations and the like. The mechanical organ was pneumatized in 1938 by Hermann Eule Orgelbau Bautzen . The cross behind the “liturgical table” was a gift for the 150th anniversary of the hall in 1908, as were the chandeliers that were installed when the site was electrified.
Today there are about 130 members of the Kleinwelka Brethren.
Initially, the community garden was cultivated as a kitchen garden by the community Indian (pastor) and the head (mayor) . There was an arbor and a shed with the "common role"; also in the beginning two cisterns with fire water in the corners . In 1892 the facility was converted into a public park. The regular, cross-shaped path system with the accompanying rows of trees represents an extension of the east-west axis of the prayer room. In the middle of the park there is a square-like extension with a circular tree of formerly eight (now six) pointed maples . At the western end of the Mittelweg, a pair of oak pillars mark the entrance. Gap rows of winter linden trees stand along the outer paths . On the south side of the square there are still remains of a former privet hedge .
schools
.jpg)
When the colony was founded in 1751, a school with boarding school was set up in the manor house . After several relocations, the first proper boarding school with five boys and two brothers was founded in 1776 in the Brothers House with the “local school”. Only two years later, the community built its first own institution building as an extension to the existing "Jäckelsche Haus". It offered space for 24 children in two rooms. In 1787 a wing of the building had to be extended. In 1838, the original building was also extended due to the increased space requirements. At this school, an important educational center in Upper Lusatia, mainly children of missionaries from the Moravian colonies from Africa, Asia, America and Europe received their school education over several years until they switched to the higher classes at the Moravian Pedagogy in Niesky. In 1838 five classes were taught, including Latin, English and French. In 1905, 45 out of 70 students were missionary children.
So that the director of the institution could live in the school and the meals for the students no longer had to be fetched from the Brüderhaus, the so-called director's house was rebuilt in 1876/1877 (to the left of today's building at Peter-Buck-Straße 1). In addition to the director's apartment on the first floor, there was the dining room and the kitchen on the first floor.
A further increase in the number of pupils at the end of the 19th century required the demolition of the school building from 1838, which was repeatedly expanded, and the construction of the boys' school (today Peter-Buck-Straße 1). The three-storey plastered building with an ornamental facade structure in an eclectic mix of Renaissance and Gothic forms was occupied in 1898. The foundation walls were largely reused. The central projection with gables decorated with a floral ornament. The ground floor is rusticated . Art Nouveau forms can be seen on the building at the rear.
In 1894, behind the boys' school, the Kleinwelka water was dammed up as a swimming and skating pond for the pupils.
As early as 1781, the number of pupils had grown so much that a girls' institution had to be inaugurated. The girls were housed and educated in the three connected houses, which today bear the address Zinzendorfstrasse 1. The left part of the house is the oldest; an inn with guest rooms was located here from 1760 to 1781. Then a widow's house was housed in it. The girls' institution later acquired the house and had it converted and expanded into a girls' house or girls' school home. At first it served the education of the local girls, but later took in more and more daughters of the families in the mission areas. The middle part of the complex is a building from 1759 that was bought by the girls' institution in 1832. Extensive renovation work took place in 1894. A previous building had stood on the site of the right-hand part of the building since 1757. The children lived there in rented rooms until 1781. In 1860 a new three-storey building with a late classicist plaster facade was built. In 1868, for example, 84 girls could be accommodated in the home. In order to no longer have to fetch the food from the sister house, a kitchen was set up on the ground floor next to the dining room in 1875. The first floor of the institution was raised by two meters in 1894 so that a director's apartment could be set up there.
After 1918 the popularity of the educational institution, which had been in great demand up to then, slowly waned. In total, around a thousand boys and girls each had attended schools over the years. During the National Socialist era, the non-governmental “Zinzendorf School for Girls” and the “School Home for Boys” were closed in 1942. The buildings served as war hospitals . After 1945 the girls' school home was a quarantine camp for resettlers and a home for orphaned resettled children. The Sorbian Institute for Teacher Training , the boarding school of the Sorbian high school and, until 2006, a branch of the Bautzen-Seidau nursing home were housed there.
Kleinwelka only became a school location again from 1952 to 1959 when the new teachers' school founded in Radibor in 1946 moved , later the Sorbian Institute for Teacher Education. At the same time, the twelve-class Sorbian high school, which had been in Bautzen until then, was also relocated to Kleinwelka.
The boys' school has been a nursing home since 1948. In 1998, extensive new buildings and conversions followed.
Churchyard
.jpg)
Shortly after the establishment of the Kleinwelka colony, the need for a cemetery arose. This "Gottesacker" lies on the southern edge of the settlement and was inaugurated in 1756 with the first burial. The manor owner, Matthäus Lange, donated a square piece of land that was only about 20 paces long. One point of the square was roughly at the location of today's entrance gate. In the oldest grave lies the Dane and Suriname missionary Nils Randrup (born January 5, 1714, † August 28, 1756). His funeral took place two days after his death.
The church is designed according to its model, inaugurated in 1730 in Herrnhut . The regularly laid out cemetery with the uniformly designed graves conveys an image of equality and community and, as a liturgical space, reflects the simple and deeply religious way of life of the Brethren. Initially, the deceased were buried in the order of their date of death, later a distinction was made between brother, sister and children's fields. The graves have flat grave slabs made of sandstone , which symbolize transience. With a few exceptions, none of the grave sites was awarded a second time. The simple inscriptions contain a Bible verse that is important for the deceased. At the time of construction, the inscription on the entrance gate to the church was: "Rest with confidence, rise to eternal life." When it was renovated in 1855, the latticework was changed in the Biedermeier style and the new slogan "The flesh rests in hope" was added. The churchyard is fenced in with beech hedges . The regularly laid out paths are planted with avenues and rows of winter linden trees. The terrain sloping to the west and south was gradually terraced. The cemetery was expanded in 1806, 1835 and 1883. The cemetery is largely unchanged.
Sister house ensemble
The sister houses in Kleinwelka are a cultural monument of Upper Lusatia. Here the Herrnhuter Brothers University erected the 6 buildings, some of them baroque in character, between 1770 and 1896. For the sisters of the religious community of the Moravian Brothers' Unity, the building ensemble in Kleinwelka was not only a place of residence and spiritual home, but also a place of work for a wide variety of manual activities. As early as 1793, less than two decades after construction began, 25 older girls and 72 single sisters were living in the entire area of the sister houses.
In 1770 the sister house was opened by Bishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg , Zinzendorf's successor. The first extension took place in 1787: the sister choir was added directly to the sister house. Several expansions followed around the sister house, for example the summer house with shed in 1795 . In 1805 a pharmacy foundation was brought into being and a pharmacy was set up in the confectionery. In 1817 the ensemble was expanded again, this time with an extension for the small sister house, which later became the wash house. The last new building was completed in 1896 with the Villa Anna as the residential building of the sisters (New Sisters House).
From 1930 families also moved into the house. After the Second World War , the sister houses were partly used as apartments. Shops, the Sorbian Educational Institute and administrative rooms of the Kleinwelka Brethren were also housed in it.
Today the ensemble of sister houses consists of the buildings pharmacy, nurse house, choir, Villa Anna, wash house and garden house as well as an inner courtyard and a large garden. The buildings have been unused since 2000. They are in need of renovation and are being prepared for renovation, restoration and use. Under the direction of Mike Salomon, the Remise e. V. as part of a culture-led rescue project since 2014 to find investors in order to preserve the only choir ensemble of the Moravian Brethren in Germany that has largely been preserved in its original late Baroque state and to reuse it.
.jpg)
pharmacy
The building, now known as a pharmacy, with the address Friedhofsweg 1, was built in 1779 as an addition to the nurses' house. At that time the confectionery was located in it. At the instigation of the Countess von Hohenthal , the building was rebuilt in 1805 to accommodate the pharmacy she had donated. The residents of the nursing home received the pharmaceuticals from the pharmacy foundation free of charge, the other residents of Kleinwelka at cost price. The pharmacy was under the supervision of the general practitioner and was administered by a sister.
The gable-facing building is a massive two-storey building with remains of plaster structure. It is structurally connected to the nurses' house by a connecting passage on the first floor. In the half-hipped roof, a bat dormer covers the entire length of the house.
On the ground floor there is a shop or sales room, behind it a medium-sized room with cross vaults and an extension. There are two apartments on the upper floor of the pharmacy.
Sister house
The two-storey sister house on the eaves (Zinzendorfplatz 7) was built in 1770 as a training, work and living space for girls and single women. There is an extension to the garden. The house has a typical Moravian baroque hipped roof with bat dormers. The upper floor consists of boarded half-timbering . The nurses' house and the choir are connected inside.
On the first floor of the sister house there are still two former sales rooms and several rooms that were presumably used as small storage rooms. There the sisters sold, probably from 1781, their handicrafts and sweets from the confectionery. A shop was set up in the rooms until the 2000s.
.jpg)
Choir house
The choir house (Zinzendorfplatz 6), built in 1779 as a western corner development of the sister houses, is directly connected to the sister house. It was built in 1787 and is the largest building of the sister houses in Kleinwelka. The prayer room was on the first floor and a large bedroom in the converted roof structure. In addition, there was a kitchen as well as further work and living rooms in the house.
The choir is a mighty two-storey solid structure with plaster structure and a crooked hip roof as well as a small roof house.
Villa Anna
At the western corner of the sister house area stands the Villa Anna (also known as the New Sister House), which is connected to the choir house by a passage. As the last building of the sister houses in Kleinwelka, Villa Anna was built in 1896 in place of a stable located there. The building was mainly used by the sisters as a residential building and has been empty since the early 2000s.
The villa is a massive, two-story plastered building with plaster structure, hinted rustication on the ground floor, cornice and original lattice windows .
.jpg)
Wash house
The wash house of the sister houses (formerly the small sister house) connects to the Villa Anna in the south (Peter-Buck-Straße 2). The wash house was built in several stages between 1795 and 1817 and has been shaped by different uses over the course of its history.
The building is a long stucco building on two floors with knee wall and gable roof with dormer Hecht. A large attic was previously used as a drying room. The inside of the property has largely been preserved.
Garden house with coach house
In the large garden behind the sister houses the massive garden house with carriage house, built around 1795. Characteristic are the five arcade arches of granite , the hipped roof and the elongated roof pike. The granite courtyard paving dates from the time it was built.
The garden house is currently set up as an event room. The remise received a new Lausitz natural clay floor in 2014.
Dormitory in the choir house
Staircase in the choir
Illuminated choir house 2017
Former shop in the sister house
Villa Anna, detail
.jpg)
More buildings
| image | designation | location | Dating | description | ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Residential building / former diaspora house | Friedhofsweg 2 (map) |
1778 | On May 11, 1778, the foundation stone for the diaspora house was laid. This was built as a place to stay overnight for those attending church services from all over Lower and Upper Lusatia. In addition, the diaspora preacher (a traveling pastor) had his official residence there. At the time the foundation stone was laid, 1,600 people (without children) in 144 locations belonged to the Kleinwelka diaspora. In 1905, the girls' institution bought the house as the last building. Today it is a residential building.
The upper floor of the massive building consists of slated half-timbering. At the front door there is a granite wall and a four-step flight of stairs . The half-hip roof and the lattice windows have been preserved in their original size from the construction period. |
09253060 |
.jpg) More pictures |
House in a corner / former ivy house, in front of it seven granite fence posts | Friedrich-Gruhl-Strasse 2 (map) |
Kern 1787 | The house was built in 1787 as a residential building with a greengrocer's shop. By 1902 it was completely overgrown with ivy . The Eskimo missionary Johann August Miertsching lived in this building as a pensioner until 1873.
The upper floor of the building consists of boarded half-timbering. The house adorns a front door with granite walls and an open staircase. On the ground floor there are remains of a plaster structure and original lattice windows. |
09253052 |
.jpg) |
Residential building | Friedrich-Gruhl-Strasse 4 (map) |
Around 1800 | The house is a single-storey, compact plastered building with a half-hip roof. The gable is slated, the windows have been changed since it was built around 1800. |
09253067 |
 |
Residential house with walls lining the property along the street, former tannery | Gerberberg 1 (map) |
1766 | The building was built in 1766 as a residence and tannery. In 1845 the leather shop was relocated from the manor house to the tannery. The necessary for tanning Lohe was (built in 1857, demolished in 1902) in the belonging to the brothers house Lohemühle made. The resulting tan cheese could also be bought in the shop. In 1856, the tannery was leased, sold in 1902 and during the First World War closed. The upper floor of the building is designed as a slated framework. The gable was plastered. |
09253101 |
.jpg) |
Residential house and fencing wall running into the depths of the property | Hauptstrasse 5 (map) |
1795 | The massive, two-story house with a half-hip roof was built in 1795. In the profiled cladding of the front door you can still see the fixation of the house lantern, which, when it was built, sparsely illuminated the street and, through the skylight of the front door, also the hallway. There is a flight of stairs in front of the door. The structure is original, while the windows have been changed. |
09253047 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Former inn (without an eastern extension) with three farm buildings, courtyard paving and archway, three octagonal granite pillars in front of the inn | Hauptstrasse 7 (map) |
1782 | The Brethren's inn with overnight accommodation was built in 1782. The merchant Abraham Dürninger donated 50 thalers to the building. The massive, two-storey building is eaves. Remains of a plaster structure, a historical front door with granite walls and a granite flight of steps are visible. A half-hip roof with five roof houses forms the end of the house. A wide passage with a baroque archway leads to the central farm building behind the inn. The courtyard is covered with granite paving from the time it was built. |
09253044 |
.jpg) |
Courtyard with two side buildings, formerly a manor | Hauptstrasse 8 (map) |
Around 1850, Kern possibly older | The manor was first mentioned in 1345. At the beginning of the 18th century it changed hands frequently; five changes of ownership are noted between 1701 and 1705. The non-noble administrator Matthäus Lange bought the property in 1746 after no one from the nobility showed any interest in it. Lange made it available to the awakened Wends in 1751 as the first meeting room. The first preacher of the Kleinwelka community, Wilhelm Biefer, lived in this estate. The assembly room was located here between 1752 and 1758 when the prayer room was inaugurated.
The fourth side of the courtyard was demolished today. The main building is a massive house made of broken stone and field stones, built around 1850. At the rear there is an extension with cast iron columns. All buildings in the courtyard have half-hip roofs. |
09253045 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential building, former bakery | Hauptstrasse 9 (map) |
1774 | The house was built in 1774 as a private home and was the home of the respective preacher in Kleinwelka from 1810 to 1894. After that it was used as a bakery for the Brethren. It is a two-story, massive building with plaster structure. At the historic front door there is a flight of stairs and granite walls with a basket arch and a keystone. The house is covered with a half-hip roof with three bat dormers . |
09253043 |
.jpg) |
Residential house, former pilgrim house | Hauptstrasse 10 (map) |
1870 | At the time it was built, the house was intended for the vacation and retirement of missionary families serving worldwide. Besides the early school homes, it is the only three-story house in the colony. It has served as a residential building since the first half of the 20th century. It is a stately three-storey plastered building with a gabled central projectile and a gable roof. Window crowns , the rusticated ground floor and original lattice windows with winter windows have been preserved from the time of construction . |
09253042 |
.jpg) |
Residential building / former Hohenthalsches house | Hauptstrasse 11 (map) |
1784 | The two-storey house with a two-flight granite staircase to the entrance has a beautiful front door. The window sizes and the wall structure have changed significantly today. |
09253104 |
.jpg) |
Residential house in semi-open development | Hauptstrasse 13 (map) |
1835 | The massive, two-story house was built in 1835. On the ground floor there is a large entrance gate with an elaborate portal and granite walls. The vault is still preserved in the passage. The window frames on the upper floor have been removed. |
09253041 |
 |
House / Brothers House | Matthäus-Lange-Strasse 1 (map) |
Inauguration in 1765 | After the colony was founded, the single brothers lived in the manor house of Matthäus Lange. However, since twelve brothers had to share a room and a bedroom there as early as 1761, the need for a new building quickly became clear. The foundation stone was laid on April 5, 1764 in the marshy, oak-covered area, which sloped sharply to the right and back. On August 10, 1765, the brothers' house was opened as a training, work and residence for single men. 45 men moved into the new house. As early as 1781 had to be added. The right, slightly protruding part of the house was created. In 1798 there were already 86 brothers living in the house. Several brothers shared a room and slept together in the dormitory. In the course of time there was a tailor's shop, shoemaker's shop, carpentry, weaving, bakery, tannery, silk mill and the common kitchen supply in the Brothers House. Everyday life in the Brothers House began when we woke up at 5 a.m. Forty-five minutes later, the brothers gathered in the choir room for morning prayer. In addition to the workplaces, there was also a library, the archive of the local congregation and the office of the head of the Brothers House. In 1891 a family home was set up in the building.
The Brüderhaus is a massive, two-storey baroque plastered building with a large half-hip roof with a long roof pike. The front door walls are profiled, the house is also adorned with a keystone, a wide, semicircular staircase and window walls made of sandstone. The lattice windows have been preserved in the original sense. |
09253030 |
| Wall of the property enclosure with two gate entrances, each with two granite gate posts | Matthäus-Lange-Straße 1b (map) |
19th century |
09304280 |
||
 |
Residential building, former "Glitsch House" | Peter-Buck-Strasse 3 (map) |
1819 | The previous building at this point, a residential building from 1765, was replaced by a new building in 1819. From 1885 the house was owned by the Glitsch family. It then served as the official residence of the boys' school home and the later old people's and nursing home. Today the massive, single-storey house with a half-hip roof is used as a residential building. There are five bat dormers on the front of the roof and five roof houses on the back. |
09253032 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential house, without extension | Peter-Buck-Strasse 5 (map) |
1765 | The massive single-storey house with a protruding roof house was built in 1765. Today the lattice windows are fake, and the original front door has also been removed. |
09253033 |
.jpg) More pictures |
House and barn of a two-sided courtyard, former blacksmith shop | Peter-Buck-Strasse 7 (map) |
1765 | The house was built in 1765 as a residential building with a forge and agricultural buildings in the style of a two-sided courtyard. The builder was the co-founder of the Kleinwelka colony, Nikolaus Schneider. Today the two-story, massive building is used as a residential building. You can see a beautiful granite wall at the front door. The windows are still in their original size and for the most part have bars. Both the house and the barn are closed off with a half-hip roof and simple beaver tail covering . |
09253034 |
 |
Residential house in two wings across the corner, plus the enclosure wall on Zinzendorfstrasse, several granite posts and driveway / (mission) widow's house | Zinzendorfplatz 1 (map) |
1759 | The building was erected in 1759. This was where the colony's first bakery was located. After 1864 it was rebuilt as a home for widows. In 1875 the first six widows moved in. There have been apartments in the building since the middle of the 20th century. One wing of the massive, two-story house is on Zinzendorfplatz, the other along Zinzendorfstrasse. A massive barn with two bat dormers belonging to the ensemble was demolished after 1995. |
09253039 |
.jpg) |
Residential house, corner house in closed development in two wings / former shop | Zinzendorfplatz 2 (map) |
1752 | A shop with everyday goods was opened in this house on August 4, 1761. Between 1776 and 1779 the “day care center for girls” was located in the house, in which the girls teach and also spend the day together outside of the lessons under supervision. An extension followed in 1835. At the beginning of the 19th century the house of the local preacher was located in the house. After he moved into what would later become the bakery, the community doctor moved into the house. Between 1864 and 1884 the building was the town's first post office. Since then it has been used as a residential building.
The two-storey, massive, compact structure has a mighty hipped roof with ten bat dormers. There is a wide, four-step granite staircase in front of the house. The window frame has been preserved in the original sense. |
09253040 |
 |
Residential house with wing attached to the rear / Komtesshaus | Zinzendorfplatz 3 (map) |
1865 | The first house of the Kleinwelka colony stood here from 1751. This was demolished in 1865 and the new building was erected. In 1870 the Countess von Hohenthal bought the house. 48 years later it was sold by their descendants. It has housed apartments and craft shops since the 20th century.
The building is two-story; the facade shows a gabled central projection, a plaster structure with an indicated colossal order , a knee-high floor and eight window axes. The building fabric has largely been preserved in its original form. |
09253027 |
 |
Residential house, without extensions | Zinzendorfplatz 4 (map) |
1752 | The house was built in 1752 as the second house in the colony and is now the oldest house in the village. In 1789 David Uh set up what was probably the first tobacco factory in Upper Lusatia. It later served as a residential and commercial building. The upper floor and the gable consist of boarded half-timbering. The windows are still in their original size. The roof is a steep, crippled hipped roof with a pike dormer. |
09253028 |
.jpg) |
Rectory, without extensions | Zinzendorfplatz 5 (map) |
Originally 1757 | The building was erected in 1757 as a residence for the manor owner and founder of the Kleinwelka colony, Matthäus Lange. Later it was the home of the first community doctor, from 1843 the home of the community head. The parish office has been located in Zinzendorfplatz 5 since 1896. The massive building is adorned with granite front door walls and the gable profiling. The relatively large lattice windows with winter windows have been preserved in the original sense. |
09253029 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential building | Zinzendorfstrasse 3 (map) |
1871 | The house from 1871 is the successor to a house from 1761. The massive building has a gabled central projectile and a granite staircase. The lattice windows are from the time it was built. |
09253064 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Duplex house | Zinzendorfstrasse 4, 6 (map) |
1762 | The double half-timbered house was built in 1762, making it one of the oldest preserved houses in Kleinwelka. From 1893 a Kleinwelka original lived in the left half of the house , the former night watchman and parish servant Karl Thomas. The upper floor consists of boarded half-timbering. There are four bat dormers in the half-hip roof. The windows have been preserved in their original size. |
09253063 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential building / bell foundry, two workshop buildings on the property as well as a wall and two granite columns | Zinzendorfstrasse 5 (map) |
1762 | The building was built in 1762 by the grandfather of the bell founder Friedrich Gruhl. Between 1803 and 1896 it was first used as a yellow and red foundry , later developed into a bell foundry. After a difficult start, the company prospered quickly, and in 1818 the house had to be rebuilt and expanded. The vast workshop was on the left side of the house. A total of around 1700 artistically valuable bells were cast here for the churches of Lusatia, Silesia and for numerous places in the mission areas of Africa and America. The Gruhl company temporarily employed 50 people. The bells went to St. Petri Cathedral in Bautzen and to the London Industrial Exhibition in 1851, among others . There Gruhl received an award for his bell. The famous bell foundry was visited by King Friedrich August II in 1850 and by King Johann in 1858 . Since 1992 there have been condominiums in the massive, two-story house. Special features are the hipped roof with five bat dormers, the beautiful front door with granite walls, a flight of four semicircular granite steps and the original lattice windows. |
09253065 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential house, to the left in closed development | Zinzendorfstrasse 7 (map) |
1795 | The single-storey, massive and compact house with a half-hip roof was built in 1795. It is adorned by the front door granite walls. The windows were changed. |
09253056 |
.jpg) More pictures |
Residential building / pre-school / children's home | Zinzendorfstrasse 11 (map) |
1795 | The building was built in 1795 for the Countess of Isabella von Wartensleben. The widow of an Austrian general moved into the house in October 1796. After her death in 1812, the real ducal privy councilor Christian von Damnitz bought the house. In 1858 the house was converted into a “Voranstalt”, a home for the sons of the missionaries who came to Kleinwelka when they were pre-school. In 1919 the pre-school was closed and the schoolhouses took over its task. Today the building is a residential building.
The broad, free-standing, two-storey, massive residential building has a half-hip roof. You can see a front door with granite walls and a broad, five-step granite staircase as well as high original lattice windows and partly walled-up windows. |
09253054 |
literature
- Konrad Balcke and Waldemar Fried: guides through Kleinwelka and districts . Gustav Winter, Herrnhut 1942.
- Helmfried Klotke, Albrecht Fischer, Friedemann Koban and Holger Jatzke: Kleinwelka history trail . Ed .: City administration of Bautzen / Kleinwelka local council. Lausitzer Druckhaus GmbH, Görlitz May 2015.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmfried Klotke: 250 years of the church hall of the Kleinwelka Brethren . 2008.
- ^ Evangelical Brethren Kleinwelka. Evangelische Brüdergemeine Kleinwelka, accessed on November 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Miriam Schönbach: The rescuers of the sister houses . In: Saxon newspaper . May 29, 2019 ( paid online [accessed June 4, 2019]).
Map with all coordinates: